scholarly journals Fibromyalgia and Depression

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Gracely ◽  
Marta Ceko ◽  
M. Catherine Bushnell
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Reactive Depression ◽  
Pain Syndromes ◽  
Functional Pain ◽  
Somatic Comorbidities ◽  
Dual Action ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Serotoninergic And Noradrenergic Systems ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Fibromyalgia and depression might represent two manifestations of affective spectrum disorder. They share similar pathophysiology and are largely targeted by the same drugs with dual action on serotoninergic and noradrenergic systems. Here, we review evidence for genetic and environmental factors that predispose, precipitate, and perpetuate fibromyalgia and depression and include laboratory findings on the role of depression in fibromyalgia. Further, we comment on several aspects of fibromyalgia which support the development of reactive depression, substantially more so than in other chronic pain syndromes. However, while sharing many features with depression, fibromyalgia is associated with somatic comorbidities and absolutely defined by fluctuating spontaneous widespread pain. Fibromyalgia may, therefore, be more appropriately grouped together with other functional pain disorders, while psychologically distressed subgroups grouped additionally or solely with affective spectrum disorders.

scholarly journals An Unusual Case of “Conjugal” Polymyalgia Rheumatica after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination

Rheumato ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Elena Vanni ◽  
Jacopo Ciaffi ◽  
Luana Mancarella ◽  
Francesco Ursini
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Polymyalgia Rheumatica ◽  
Temporal Correlation ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Asia Syndrome ◽  
Causative Effect ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

The rare occurrence of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) in married couples has been reported in the literature. Susceptibility to PMR is contributed by genetic and environmental factors and cases of PMR developing after influenza vaccine have also been described, in a debated phenomenon known as ‘ASIA’ syndrome. We report the case of two cohabitating married patients developing PMR few weeks after the first dose of ChAdOx1-S SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Both patients presented with typical symptoms suggestive of PMR. Laboratory findings and ultrasound examination confirmed the diagnosis. Glucocorticoid therapy led to rapid improvment of symptoms. Anti-receptor-binding domain IgG titre was tested and, eight weeks after vaccination, both patients showed no antibody response. It has been suggested that vaccines might trigger autoimmune or inflammatory states in predisposed individuals and various hypotheses have been made regarding the pathogenesis of PMR. Although the causative effect of vaccines cannot be determined, the close temporal correlation observed in our case supports the potential role of environmental factors in triggering the onset of PMR. However, the literature indicates that post-COVID19 vaccination immune-mediated or inflammatory adverse events are extremely rare and vaccination should be encouraged since the benefit largely outweighs possible risks.

scholarly journals Role of nutritional deficiency in the development of autism spectrum disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1968
Author(s):  
Anitha Oommen ◽  
Reem S. Alomar
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Nutritional Deficiency ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Infancy And Childhood ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by behavioural abnormalities and impaired communication skills. Both genetic and environmental factors have been attributed as causative factors. It has been reported that there are alterations in the organization of functional networks in brain as well as in the balance between structural and functional net-works in brain in children and adolescents with ASD when compared to normal children. Various studies have shown that lower levels of micronutrients like magnesium, selenium, Vitamin A, Vitamin D and Vitamin E, Folic acid and iron are found in children with ASD. This narrative review was undertaken to highlight the role of nutritional deficiency in the development of ASD in children relevant literature was collected from Google scholar, Pubmed, Cross Ref and Scopus. This review also takes into consideration how nutritional deficiency during pregnancy, infancy and childhood can have a role in the development of ASD in children.

The Role of the Endothelium in Premature Atherosclerosis: Molecular Mechanisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 1041-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Spartalis ◽  
Eleftherios Spartalis ◽  
Antonios Athanasiou ◽  
Stavroula A. Paschou ◽  
Christos Kontogiannis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Made In

Atherosclerotic disease is still one of the leading causes of mortality. Atherosclerosis is a complex progressive and systematic artery disease that involves the intima of the large and middle artery vessels. The inflammation has a key role in the pathophysiological process of the disease and the infiltration of the intima from monocytes, macrophages and T-lymphocytes combined with endothelial dysfunction and accumulated oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) are the main findings of atherogenesis. The development of atherosclerosis involves multiple genetic and environmental factors. Although a large number of genes, genetic polymorphisms, and susceptible loci have been identified in chromosomal regions associated with atherosclerosis, it is the epigenetic process that regulates the chromosomal organization and genetic expression that plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Despite the positive progress made in understanding the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, the knowledge about the disease remains scarce.

A Developmental Perspective on the Genetic Basis of Alcohol Use Disorder

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa M. Trucco ◽  
Gabriel L. Schlomer ◽  
Brian M. Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Developmental Perspective ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Intermediate Phenotypes ◽  
Problematic Alcohol ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Problematic Alcohol Use

Approximately 48–66% of the variation in alcohol use disorders is heritable. This chapter provides an overview of the genetic influences that contribute to alcohol use disorder within a developmental perspective. Namely, risk for problematic alcohol use is framed as a function of age-related changes in the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors and an end state of developmental processes. This chapter discusses the role of development in the association between genes and the environment on risk for alcohol use disorder. Designs used to identify genetic factors relevant to problematic alcohol use are discussed. Studies examining developmental pathways to alcohol use disorder with a focus on endophenotypes and intermediate phenotypes are reviewed. Finally, areas for further investigation are offered.

scholarly journals The Quality of Life Definition: Where Are We Going?

Uro ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Tommaso Cai ◽  
Paolo Verze ◽  
Truls E. Bjerklund Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Extra Dimension ◽  
Sexual Partner ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Laboratory Findings

The quality of life (QoL) concept now includes new aspects related to patients’ well-being because QoL has become more of a personal perception than an an objective and measurable entity. Here, we discuss the principal aspects of QoL-related aspects in urology and andrology by using a narrative review. Some aspects concerning the QoL are essential when managing uro-andrological patients. The aim of treatments should not only include the absence of disease or symptoms relief but also the improvement of a patient’s QoL with regard to his/her internal status and relationship with others. In this sense, any therapeutic approach should be based on the patient’s perspectives and not only on the instrumental and laboratory findings. Finally, we discussed the role of a patient’s sexual partner adding an extra dimension to the patient-centerd approach as part of the QoL concept in andrology.

scholarly journals Prospects for the Personalized Multimodal Therapy Approach to Pain Management via Action on NO and NOS

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2431
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Shnayder ◽  
Marina M. Petrova ◽  
Tatiana E. Popova ◽  
Tatiana K. Davidova ◽  
Olga P. Bobrova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Medical Problem ◽  
Single Nucleotide Variants ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Pain Syndromes ◽  
Nos Inhibitors ◽  
Peripheral Pain

Chronic pain syndromes are an important medical problem generated by various molecular, genetic, and pathophysiologic mechanisms. Back pain, neuropathic pain, and posttraumatic pain are the most important pathological processes associated with chronic pain in adults. Standard approaches to the treatment of them do not solve the problem of pain chronicity. This is the reason for the search for new personalized strategies for the prevention and treatment of chronic pain. The nitric oxide (NO) system can play one of the key roles in the development of peripheral pain and its chronicity. The purpose of the study is to review publications devoted to changes in the NO system in patients with peripheral chronical pain syndromes. We have carried out a search for the articles published in e-Library, PubMed, Oxford Press, Clinical Case, Springer, Elsevier, and Google Scholar databases. The search was carried out using keywords and their combinations. The role of NO and NO synthases (NOS) isoforms in peripheral pain development and chronicity was demonstrated primarily from animal models to humans. The most studied is the neuronal NOS (nNOS). The role of inducible NOS (iNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS) is still under investigation. Associative genetic studies have shown that single nucleotide variants (SNVs) of NOS1, NOS2, and NOS3 genes encoding nNOS, iNOS, and eNOS may be associated with acute and chronic peripheral pain. Prospects for the use of NOS inhibitors to modulate the effect of drugs used to treat peripheral pain syndrome are discussed. Associative genetic studies of SNVs NOS1, NOS2, and NOS3 genes are important for understanding genetic predictors of peripheral pain chronicity and development of new personalized pharmacotherapy strategies.

scholarly journals AB0440 CLINICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS-OVERLAP SYNDROMES

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1248.2-1248
Author(s):  
O. Desinova ◽  
M. Starovoytova ◽  
L. P. Ananyeva ◽  
O. Koneva ◽  
L. Garzanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Joint Involvement ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Overlap Syndromes ◽  
Digital Ischemia ◽  
Immune Alterations ◽  
Clinical Variants

Background:Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) overlap syndromes (SSc with polymyositis / dermatomyositis (PM/DM), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), etc.) still remain a group of very heterogenous and not very well studied clinical variants of SSc that are characterized by certain clinical and immunological features.Objectives:Identify clinical and immunological features of the SSc-overlap syndromesMethods:80 pts with SSc-PM/DM and 35 pts with SSc-RA undergoing standard clinical examination and laboratory immunological evaluation.Results:ANA Hep2 was positive in 98% of SSc-PM/DM pts; a-Scl-70 was in 34%, a - PM-Scl and RF were in 20%. ACA (6%), a-RNP (9%), and a - Jo-1 (5%) were significantly less common. Correlation analysis showed significant prevalence of conduction abnormalities in pts with a-Scl-70- (p<0.03); PM-Scl was rarely associated with cardiac arrhythmia (p<0.02) and pericarditis (p<0.03), but there was an association between ACA and presence of digital ischemia (p<0.04). Three pts with limited skin had Scl-70 and PM-Scl antibodies, two of them manifested clinical features of DM. A-Jo-1 was found in 3 pts with a longstanding disease (14,10 and 7 years), and one of these pts was also positive for a-Scl-70. All pts had limited skin and two had interstitial lung disease with FVC values of 79% and 74.8%.ANA Hep2 was positive in 96% of SSc-RA pts; a-Scl-70 – in 28%, and a-RNP - in 30%. RF-positivity was in 72% of pts, and Anti-CCP - in 27%. Simultaneous Anti-CCP and a-Scl-70 was found in one case, and Anti-CCP - anti-RNP – in another, both were associated with low RF titers. All pts had early joint involvement which became prevailing in subsequent years, and onset of the disease between 30 and 36 years. There was a correlation between laboratory signs of inflammatory activity and immunological disorders: ESR and a-Scl-70 (p<0.03). Anti-CCP and a-Scl-70 co-positivity was a significantly less frequent phenomenon (p<0.04). There was a remarkable 28% proportion of a-Scl-70 cases in SSc-RA with limited cutaneous which is usually characterized by ACA-positivity.Conclusion:SSc-PM/DM and SSc-RA appear to be an active disease from the immunological point of view, confirming therefore an important role of immune alterations in disease progression. Laboratory findings display specific pathogenetic features of SSc-overlap syndromes; laboratory abnormalities can be used to measure the activity and specify characteristics of the pathological process.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Critical role of dysfunctional mitochondria and defective mitophagy in autism spectrum disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 138-145
Author(s):  
Yuan-Mei Wang ◽  
Ming-Yue Qiu ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
Huang Tang ◽  
Hong-Feng Gu
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

scholarly journals B Cells and Antibodies as Targets of Therapeutic Intervention in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Jan Traub ◽  
Leila Husseini ◽  
Martin S. Weber
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Complement Factor ◽  
Major Subset ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

The first description of neuromyelitis optica by Eugène Devic and Fernand Gault dates back to the 19th century, but only the discovery of aquaporin-4 autoantibodies in a major subset of affected patients in 2004 led to a fundamentally revised disease concept: Neuromyelits optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are now considered autoantibody-mediated autoimmune diseases, bringing the pivotal pathogenetic role of B cells and plasma cells into focus. Not long ago, there was no approved medication for this deleterious disease and off-label therapies were the only treatment options for affected patients. Within the last years, there has been a tremendous development of novel therapies with diverse treatment strategies: immunosuppression, B cell depletion, complement factor antagonism and interleukin-6 receptor blockage were shown to be effective and promising therapeutic interventions. This has led to the long-expected official approval of eculizumab in 2019 and inebilizumab in 2020. In this article, we review current pathogenetic concepts in NMOSD with a focus on the role of B cells and autoantibodies as major contributors to the propagation of these diseases. Lastly, by highlighting promising experimental and future treatment options, we aim to round up the current state of knowledge on the therapeutic arsenal in NMOSD.

scholarly journals Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress, cAMP Signalling and Apoptosis: A Crossroads in Lymphocytes of Multiple Sclerosis, a Possible Role of Nutraceutics

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Anna Signorile ◽  
Anna Ferretta ◽  
Maddalena Ruggieri ◽  
Damiano Paolicelli ◽  
Paolo Lattanzio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Apoptosis Resistance ◽  
Nutraceutical Compounds ◽  
Camp Pathway ◽  
Central Nervous Systems ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex inflammatory and neurodegenerative chronic disease that involves the immune and central nervous systems (CNS). The pathogenesis involves the loss of blood–brain barrier integrity, resulting in the invasion of lymphocytes into the CNS with consequent tissue damage. The MS etiology is probably a combination of immunological, genetic, and environmental factors. It has been proposed that T lymphocytes have a main role in the onset and propagation of MS, leading to the inflammation of white matter and myelin sheath destruction. Cyclic AMP (cAMP), mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress exert a role in the alteration of T lymphocytes homeostasis and are involved in the apoptosis resistance of immune cells with the consequent development of autoimmune diseases. The defective apoptosis of autoreactive lymphocytes in patients with MS, allows these cells to perpetuate, within the CNS, a continuous cycle of inflammation. In this review, we discuss the involvement in MS of cAMP pathway, mitochondria, reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis, and their interaction in the alteration of T lymphocytes homeostasis. In addition, we discuss a series of nutraceutical compounds that could influence these aspects.

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