scholarly journals Genotype × Environment Interaction of Mosaic Disease, Root Yields and Total Carotene Concentration of Yellow-Fleshed Cassava in Nigeria

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert G. Maroya ◽  
Peter Kulakow ◽  
Alfred G. O. Dixon ◽  
Busie B. Maziya-Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
Sum Of Squares ◽  
Cassava Mosaic Disease ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Agroecological Zones

Twenty-one yellow-fleshed cassava genotypes were evaluated over two years in five major cassava growing agroecological zones in Nigeria. The trials were established in a randomized complete block design with four replications to assess genotype performance and Genotype × Environment interaction for cassava mosaic disease (CMD), fresh and dry root yield (FYLD; DYLD), root dry matter content (DMC), and total carotene concentration (TCC). Combined analysis of variance showed significant differences (P<0.001) among genotypes (G), environment (E), and Genotype × Environment interaction (GE) for all the traits tested. For reaction to CMD, the best genotypes showing stable resistance were TMS 07/0539 and TMS 07/0628. For root yield, the best genotypes were TMS 01/1368 and TMS 07/0553. Genotype TMS 07/0593 was the best for DMC and TCC across the 10 environments. Variation among genotypes accounted for most of the Total Sum of Squares for CMD (72.1%) and TCC (34.4%). Environmental variation accounted for most of the Total Sum of Squares for FYLD (42.8%), DYLD (39.6%), and DMC (29.2%). This study revealed that TMS 07/0593 has the highest and most stable TCC, DMC with the lowest CMD severity score and appeared to be the best genotype.

scholarly journals AMMI Stability Analysis and Estimation of Genetic Parameters for Growth and Yield Components in Cassava in the Forest and Guinea Savannah Ecologies of Ghana

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Adjebeng-Danquah ◽  
Joseph Manu-Aduening ◽  
Vernon Edward Gracen ◽  
Isaac Kwadwo Asante ◽  
Samuel Kwame Offei
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Sum Of Squares ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Ammi Analysis

Twenty cassava genotypes were arranged in a randomised complete block design with three replications and assessed for growth and yield stability using the additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis. Highly significant (P<0.001) effects of genotype, environment, and genotype ⁎ environment interaction were observed for all traits studied. The AMMI analysis of variance indicated that genotype accounted for 51% of the total sum of squares for height at first branching followed by environment (33%) and interaction (15%). For fresh root yield, environment effects accounted for 37% of the total sum of squares, whilst genotype and interaction accounted for 32% and 29%, respectively. Genotypic variances for harvest index (HI), plant height, storage root yield, and dry matter content contributed a greater proportion of the phenotypic variance indicating stronger genetic control. This suggests better chance of progress in the genetic improvement of these traits. Genotype MM96/1751 combined high yield with stability according to the yield stability index ranking across environments. On the other hand genotypes UCC 2001/449 and 96/1708 though high yielding were unstable according to AMMI stability value scores. However they can be tested further in more environments to ascertain their specific adaptability for release to farmers for cultivation to boost cassava production and ensure food security.

scholarly journals Genotypic Variability in Some Morpho-Physiological Traits in Different Environments and Their Relationship with Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Root Yield

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Joseph Adjebeng-Danquah ◽  
Isaac Kwadwo Asante ◽  
Joseph Manu-Aduening ◽  
Richard Yaw Agyare ◽  
Vernon Edward Gracen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Cassava Mosaic Disease ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Gge Biplot ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Cassava root yield under diverse environments is influenced by morpho-physiological traits that are in turn influenced by genotype, environment, and genotype × environment interaction (GEI). Most GEI analyses in cassava have been limited to root yield with less emphasis on stability of other yield-related traits. This study was carried out to assess the effect of GEI on some morpho-physiological traits in cassava and key traits that are useful for selection in different environments. The study utilized 20 cassava genotypes evaluated in six environments, namely, Fumesua 2013 and 2014, Nyankpala 2013 and 2014 (irrigation), and Nyankpala 2013 and 2014 (no irrigation). The genotypes were arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and assessed for a number of morpho-physiological traits, root yield and yield components. The data were subjected to analysis of variance using SAS statistical package. Subsequently, the GGE biplot was used to carry out genotype × environment, genotype × trait, and environment × trait interaction analyses to determine the specificity of genotypic performance and traits linked to particular environments. The results indicated significant (P<0.05) GEI effect on all traits except leaf temperature. The genotype × trait biplot analysis revealed closely related traits and those associated with root yield and genotypes that show weakness in these traits. Both environment × trait biplot and principal component analyses identified traits with higher discriminatory power among genotypes in various environments particularly in the dry environments. These can be used as secondary traits to select drought-tolerant genotypes. From this study, the GGE biplot was useful in identifying traits associated with specific genotypes in different environments to aid in selection. Moderate broad-sense heritability estimates werefound for storage root yield, harvest index, plant height, ratio of storage rootlength to girth, and cassava mosaic disease score indicating that progresscan be made through selection for these traits.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Resistance of Cassava Half-Sib Progenies to Cassava Mosaic Disease and Their Agronomic Performances in Western Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Eric Mpongolo Musungayi ◽  
Kahiu Ngugi ◽  
James Wanjohi Muthomi ◽  
Vincent Woyengo Were ◽  
Florence Mmogi Olubayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Cassava Mosaic Disease ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Sib Families

Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) caused by Bemisia tabaci is among the major contributors to low cassava yield in Africa and therefore requires instituting control measures. Due to genetic diversity in cassava, only clones with superior agronomic traits, disease resistance and high yield are selected and released to farmers or deployed in breeding program. This study was conducted to evaluate the resistance of cassava half-sib families to CMD. Field trials were conducted at Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), at Kakamega and Alupe research stations in western Kenya from June 2016 to June 2017. Sixty progenies were compared to that of their five parents by planting cuttings in 4 &times; 2 meters plots. Data were collected on plant height, number of roots per plant, harvest index, root yield, dry matter content, cassava mosaic disease and whiteflies infestation. Twenty three genotypes had a mean score of 1.0 to CMD, implying that they are resistant. Cassava grown at Alupe was observed to have high number of susceptible genotypes compared to cassava grown at Kakamega, indicating the effect of the environment on the genotypes. Parental genotypes, Kaleso and MM96/4271 presented high number of progenies showing CMD resistance. Genotypes, P4G1 and P2G3 with mean root yield of 31.6 t ha-1 and 30.0 t ha-1 were the highest yielding in term of root yield. A number of half-sib families generated from MM96/4271, Kaleso and MM96/0686 performed well with respect to yield recorded on their respective parents. Evaluation of new cassava varieties under local disease conditions would most likely improve the productivity of cassava through selection of resistant clones.

ROOT ROT RESISTANCE IN NEW CASSAVA VARIETIES INTRODUCED TO FARMERS IN NIGERIA

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. U. OKECHUKWU ◽  
A. G. O. DIXON ◽  
M. O. AKORODA ◽  
M. MWANGI ◽  
R. BANDYOPADHYAY
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
Cassava Mosaic Disease ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Humid Forest ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Cassava Varieties

SUMMARYIn 2004 and 2005 through field trials in over 2500 locations in several agroecological zones, 40 new cassava varieties were introduced in Nigeria. The trials were managed by scientists, extension workers and farmers. The aim in introducing these new varieties was to pre-emptively manage cassava mosaic disease, to avert an imminent threat from the Ugandan strain of the pathogen and prevent damage to the Nigerian cassava economy. From these trials, 10 new varieties were selected and officially released for high root yield, high dry matter content and acceptability for food, industry and livestock. Cassava root rot is a major source of yield loss in Nigeria, especially where farmers practice late harvest because they wait for a good price from the market before harvest and sales. This paper investigated how the 40 varieties together with three old improved varieties currently in farmers' fields during the formal trials responded to root rot disease. No absolutely resistant variety was found, indicating that early harvest (9–11 months after planting) is still the best way to reduce losses from root rot. Root rot is also significantly (p ≤ 0.05) influenced by genotype and environment interaction. Most root rot was recorded in the humid forest and the least was in the Sudan savanna agroecological zone. Using a rank-sum method, the 43 varieties were separated into highly resistant, resistant, moderately resistant, moderately susceptible, susceptible and highly susceptible classes.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Planting Material on Physiological Parameters and Cassava Mosaic Incidence in Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
S. Nanthakumar ◽  
K. Krithika ◽  
M. Prabhu
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Area Index

An investigation was carried out to assess the effect of planting materials on physiological parameters, cassava mosaic incidence and yield of Cassava varieties viz. H-226 and CO.2 at the Department of Vegetable crops, Horticultural College and Research Institute, TNAU, Coimbatore during September 2010 to June 2011. The experiments were laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design with four treatments and three replications in two varieties. The results revealed that the tissue culture plants were found be the best in virtue of its high leaf area index, net assimilation rate, dry matter content, tuber yield (26.33 t ha-1) and least incidence of cassava mosaic virus. Among the varieties, CO.2 showed less incidence of CMD. The tissue cultured plants may be recommended to farmers to reduce mosaic disease incidence and get maximum yield in cassava.

scholarly journals Effect of salinity stress on plant growth and root yield of carrot

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-274
Author(s):  
I Jahan ◽  
MM Hossain ◽  
MR Karim
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Minimum Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Root Yield

This study was carried out at Horticulture Farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to evaluate the effects of different levels of NaCl salinity on plant growth and root yield of two carrot varieties during the period from November, 2016 to February, 2017. Four levels of NaCl salt concentration viz., 0 (Control), 50, 100 and 150 mM and two varieties of carrot namely Shundori and Kuruda were used for this pot experiment. The two-factor experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The yield and yield components varied significantly between two carrot varieties and intensity of salt concentration. The maximum plant height (33.92 cm), length of leaves (14.51 cm), fresh weight of leaves (9.62 g), percent dry matter content of leaves (21.25 %), length of root (9.05 cm), diameter (11.24 cm), dry matter content of roots (18.18 %) were produced by Shundori. On the other hand, maximum water content of leaves (80.89 %), water content of roots (84.57 %) and weight of roots (10.76 g) were exhibited by Kuruda. Most of the studied parameters showed decreasing trends with the highest level of salinity (200 mM NaCl) producing lowest weight of roots (3.93 g). In case of combined effects of variety and salt concentrations, Kuruda with control condition produced maximum weight of roots (20.62 g) while the minimum weight of roots (3.53 g) was obtained by the combination of Kuruda with the highest level of salt concentration (200 mM NaCl). The result of the experiment revealed that the salinity stress significantly reduced all studied parameters at 100 mM and 150 mM as compared to control and 50 mM NaCl. Therefore, it can be concluded that the variety of Kuruda was found as relatively salt tolerant than Shundori. Progressive Agriculture 30 (3): 263-274, 2019

scholarly journals AMMI and GGE Biplot Analysis of Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L) Genotypes in Central and South-Eastern Highlands of Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-127
Author(s):  
Adane C. Chobe ◽  
Abebe D. Ararsa
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Sum Of Squares ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Cropping Season

Twelve linseed genotypes were evaluated in 13 environments during the main cropping season in central highlands of Ethiopia. The objective of the study was to determine the magnitude and pattern of G × E interaction and yield stability in linseed genotypes. The study was conducted using randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Genotype × environment interaction and yield stability were estimated using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction and site regression genotype plus genotype × environment interaction biplot. Pooled analysis of variance for seed yield showed significant (p ≤ 0.001) differences among the genotypes, environments and G × E interaction effects. This indicated that the genotypes differentially responded to the changes in the test environments or the test environments differentially discriminated the genotypes or both. Environment effect was responsible for the greatest part of the variation, followed by G × E interaction and genotype effects, indicating spatial and temporal replications of linseed yield trials. The first three multiplicative component terms of AMMI were found to be significant. The first two multiplicative component terms sum of squares, with their cumulative degrees of freedom of 44, explained 62.9% of the interaction sum of squares. No single variety showed superior performance in all environments but CI-1525 demonstrated top ranking at six of the thirteen environments. The application of AMMI and GGE biplots facilitated the visual comparison and identification of superior genotypes, thereby supporting decisions on variety selection and recommendation in different environments

scholarly journals Genotype × Environment Interaction and Stability Analysis for Root Yield in Sweet Potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam]

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel C. Ebem ◽  
Solomon O. Afuape ◽  
Samuel C. Chukwu ◽  
Benjamin E. Ubi
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Fresh Root

Sweet potato breeding in Africa, more especially in Nigeria, has mainly focused on improving productivity on farmers' fields and on fresh root consumption. In order to target the breeding program, the study was conducted to estimate the magnitude of genotype × environment interaction (G × E) and to select stable and high yielding sweet potato genotypes for fresh root yield and root Cylas severity in two locations, and to identify the most discriminating and representative test environments in Nigeria. The 41 genotypes were evaluated across two diverse environments using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Data were collected on total number of roots per plant, number and weight of marketable roots per plant, fresh root yield, and root Cylas severity. The data were subjected to analysis of variance using the Generalized Linear Model procedure of SAS 9.2 where genotype was treated as a fixed factor and replication treated as a random variable. Stability analysis was conducted using Genotype and Genotype x Environment Interaction (GGE) bi-plot. Environment, genotype, and G × E interaction variances were highly significant (p &lt; 0.01) among the assessed agronomic traits. Moreover, the analysis of variance revealed highly significant (p &lt; 0.01) differences among genotypes, environments, and G × E interaction effects for all the studied traits. The GGE biplot analyses identified three promising genotypes—G13, G11, and G14—that possess both high mean root yield and high stability, closest to the ideal genotype for root performance and consistency of performance across environments. This study provides valuable information that could be utilized in a breeding program to ameliorate local clones of sweet potato in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Promising Sweet potato Clones for Higher Root Yield and Dry Matter Content

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Wiwit Rahajeng ◽  
Joko Restuono ◽  
Febria Cahya Indriani ◽  
Purwono Purwono
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Significant Difference

Dry matter content is one of the important characteristics of sweet potatoes in addition to high yield. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of promising sweet potato clones for higher root yield and dry matter content. A hundred promising sweet potato clones were evaluated and arranged in randomized block design with two replication. The variables observed included: weight of vine, harvest index, number of root per plot, the weight of root per plot, dry matter content, root yield, root skin color, and flesh color. The analysis of variance showed a significant difference among the tested genotypes in all traits observed. A hundred promising sweet potato clones showed that root yield has varied ranged from 4.88–41.38 t h-1 with an average 20.28 t h-1 and dry matter content ranged from 19.19 – 40.65% with an average 30.47%. Fifteen promising clones of a hundred clones tested had high root yield and dry matter content with varying color flesh.

scholarly journals Release of orange-fleshed sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas [l.] Lam.) cultivars in Mozambique through an accelerated breeding scheme

2016 ◽  
Vol 155 (6) ◽  
pp. 919-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. ANDRADE ◽  
J. RICARDO ◽  
A. NAICO ◽  
A. ALVARO ◽  
G. S. MAKUNDE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Genetic Enhancement ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Breeding Scheme ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Iron And Zinc

SUMMARYSweetpotato breeding requires at least 5 years to obtain an advanced breeding clone for further testing with the goal of cultivar release. An accelerated breeding scheme (ABS) can be feasible if the genotype × year interaction is low. The objectives of the present study were to describe an ABS for sweetpotato and to investigate the efficiency of this breeding scheme for selecting high-yielding and well-adapted orange-fleshed sweetpotato (OFSP) cultivars with high β-carotene (BC) content. More than 198 500 seeds from two crossing blocks were germinated and rapidly multiplied for evaluation in observation trials at four breeding locations in Mozambique. Breeding clones with storage root yields above 10 t/ha were advanced to preliminary and advanced yield trials across four sites and for 3 years. As a result, 64 high-yielding OFSP breeding clones were selected and evaluated in four mega-environments following a randomized complete block design with three replicates at Angónia, Chókwè, Gurúè and Umbelúzi. Data from multi-environment trials were subjected to single site and combined analysis of variance as well as to stability analysis. The genotype × environment interaction was highly significant for storage root and vine yields, dry matter (DM) and BC content. Storage root yield and DM content for 15 OFSP breeding clones ranged from 14·9 to 27·1 t/ha and from 24·8 to 32·8%, respectively. BC content, iron and zinc ranged from 5·9 to 38·4, 1·6 to 2·1 and 1·1 to 1·5 mg/100 g dry weight, respectively. The OFSP breeding clones also met the culinary tastes required by local consumers in Mozambique. The proposed ABS seems to be an attractive scheme for genetic enhancement of sweetpotato.

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