scholarly journals Could Questions on Activities of Daily Living Estimate Grip Strength of Older Adults Living Independently in the Community?

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Simard ◽  
Maude Chalifoux ◽  
Véronique Fortin ◽  
Maude Jeanson Archambault ◽  
Anne St-Cerny-Gosselin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Perceived Difficulty ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Manual Tasks ◽  
The One ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

The aim of this study was to identify questions that could estimate grip strength. Twenty-six questions about the degree of perceived difficulty performing manual tasks as well as two questions concerning self-rated grip strength were developed and completed by 123 community-dwelling older adults, followed by grip strength measurements using a Martin vigorimeter. Multiple regression analyses with all of the participants revealed that the question about the difficulty of opening a jar (question 4) was most associated with grip strength. When analyses were done by gender, the same question showed the best correlation for women, whereas the one for men was self-rated grip strength compared with people the same age (question 28). For the women, age and question 4 together explained 54% of the variance in their grip strength and for the men, age and question 28 explained 46%. Further studies are needed to identify other information that could help to better estimate grip strength for use in epidemiological surveys.

scholarly journals Related Factors and Clinical Outcomes of Osteosarcopenia: A Narrative Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Tatsuro Inoue ◽  
Keisuke Maeda ◽  
Ayano Nagano ◽  
Akio Shimizu ◽  
Junko Ueshima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Osteopenia/osteoporosis and sarcopenia are common geriatric diseases among older adults and harm activities of daily living (ADL) and quality of life (QOL). Osteosarcopenia is a unique syndrome that is a concomitant of both osteopenia/osteoporosis and sarcopenia. This review aimed to summarize the related factors and clinical outcomes of osteosarcopenia to facilitate understanding, evaluation, prevention, treatment, and further research on osteosarcopenia. We searched the literature to include meta-analyses, reviews, and clinical trials. The prevalence of osteosarcopenia among community-dwelling older adults is significantly higher in female (up to 64.3%) compared to male (8–11%). Osteosarcopenia is a risk factor for death, fractures, and falls based on longitudinal studies. However, the associations between osteosarcopenia and many other factors have been derived based on cross-sectional studies, so the causal relationship is not clear. Few studies of osteosarcopenia in hospitals have been conducted. Osteosarcopenia is a new concept and has not yet been fully researched its relationship to clinical outcomes. Longitudinal studies and high-quality interventional studies are warranted in the future.

Prospective associations of plasma growth differentiation factor 15 with physical performance and cognitive functions in older adults

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingxiao He ◽  
Philipe de Souto Barreto ◽  
Juan Luis Sánchez Sánchez ◽  
Yves Rolland ◽  
Sophie Guyonnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cognitive Score ◽  
Growth Differentiation Factor 15 ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
One Year ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Background Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) has been associated with several age-related disorders, but its associations with functional abilities in community-dwelling older adults are not well studied. Methods The study was a secondary analysis on 1096 community-dwelling older adults (aged 69 to 94 years) recruited from the Multidomain Alzheimer’s Preventive Trial. Plasma GDF15 was measured one year after participants’ enrolment. Annual data of physical performance (grip strength and short physical performance battery [SPPB]) and global cognitive functions (mini-mental state examination [MMSE] and a composite cognitive score) were measured for four years. Adjusted mixed-effects linear models were performed for cross-sectional and longitudinal association analyses. Results A higher GDF15 was cross-sectionally associated with a weaker grip strength (β = -1.1E-03, 95%CI [-2.0E-03, -1.5E-04]), a lower SPPB score (β = -3.1E-04, 95%CI [-5.4E-04, -9.0E-05]) and worse cognitive functions (β = -2.4E-04, 95%CI [-3.3E-04, -1.6E-04] for composite cognitive score; β = -4.0E-04, 95%CI [-6.4E-04, -1.6E-04] for MMSE). Participants with higher GDF15 demonstrated greater longitudinal declines in SPPB (β = -1.0E-04, 95%CI [-1.7E-04, -2.0E-05]) and composite cognitive score (β = -2.0E-05, 95%CI [-4.0E-05, -3.6E-06]). The optimal initial GDF15 cutoff values for identifying participants with minimal clinically significant decline after one year were 2189 pg/mL for SPPB (AUC: 0.580) and 2330 pg/mL for composite cognitive score (AUC: 0.587). Conclusions Plasma GDF15 is cross-sectionally and longitudinally associated with lower-limb physical performance and global cognitive function in older adults. Circulating GDF15 alone has limited capacity of discriminating older adults who will develop clinically significant functional declines.

scholarly journals Effect of Aspirin on Activities of Daily Living Disability in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn L Woods ◽  
Sara Espinoza ◽  
Le T P Thao ◽  
Michael E Ernst ◽  
Joanne Ryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Dose Aspirin ◽  
Low Dose Aspirin ◽  
Adl Disability ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
Aspirin Group

Abstract Background Cerebrovascular events, dementia and cancer can contribute to physical disability with activities of daily living (ADL). It is unclear whether low-dose aspirin reduces this burden in aging populations. In a secondary analysis, we now examine aspirin’s effects on incident and persistent ADL disability within a primary prevention aspirin trial in community-dwelling older adults. Methods The ASPREE (ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly) trial of daily 100mg aspirin versus placebo recruited 19,114 healthy adults aged 70+ years (65+ years if U.S. minority) in Australia and the U.S. Six basic ADLs were assessed every six months. Incident ADL disability was defined as inability or severe difficulty with ≥1 ADL; persistence was confirmed if the same ADL disability remained after six months. Proportional hazards modelling compared time to incident or persistent ADL disability for aspirin versus placebo; death without prior disability was a competing risk. Results Over a median 4.7 years, incident ADL disability was similar in those receiving aspirin (776/9525) and placebo (787/9589) with walking, bathing, dressing and transferring the most commonly reported. Only 24% of incident ADL disability progressed to persistent. Persistent ADL disability was lower in the aspirin group (4.3 versus 5.3 events/1000py; HR=0.81, 95% CI:0.66-1.00), with bathing and dressing the most common ADL disabilities in both groups. Following persistent ADL disability there were more deaths in the aspirin group (24 versus 12). Discussion Low-dose aspirin in initially healthy older people did not reduce risk of incident ADL disability, although there was evidence of reduced persistent ADL disability.

Physical Performance Predictors for Incident Dementia Among Japanese Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (9) ◽  
pp. 1132-1140
Author(s):  
Takehiko Doi ◽  
Kota Tsutsumimoto ◽  
Sho Nakakubo ◽  
Min-Ji Kim ◽  
Satoshi Kurita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Performance Level ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Incident Dementia ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Background Evaluating physical performance could facilitate dementia risk assessment. However, findings differ regarding which type of physical performance best predicts dementia. Objective The objective of this study was to examine the association between physical performance and incidence of dementia in Japanese community-dwelling older adults. Design This was a prospective study of community-dwelling older adults. Methods Of 14,313 invited individuals who were ≥ 65 years old, 5104 agreed to participate from 2011 to 2012, and 4086 (52% women; mean age = 72.0 years) met the criteria. Baseline assessments of the following physical performance indicators were obtained: grip strength, the Five-Times Sit-to-Stand Test, and the Timed “Up & Go” Test. The physical performance level in each test was categorized as C1 (highest), C2 (middle–high), C3 (middle–low), or C4 (lowest) on the basis of sex-stratified quartile values. Incident dementia status was obtained from medical records that were updated monthly. Results During follow-up (mean duration = 42.9 months), there were 243 incident cases of dementia (5.9%). Log-rank test results indicated that a lower physical performance level constituted a significant risk factor for dementia. After adjustment for covariates, Cox proportional hazards models (reference: highest physical performance level [C1]) demonstrated that the Five-Times Sit-to-Stand Test in the group with the lowest physical performance level (hazard ratio = 1.69; 95% CI = 1.10–2.59) was significantly associated with a risk of dementia. Likewise, the Timed “Up & Go” Test in the group with the lowest physical performance level (hazard ratio = 1.54; 95% CI = 1.01–2.35) was significantly associated with a risk of dementia. However, grip strength was not significantly associated with a risk of dementia. Limitations This study was limited by the use of medical record data. Conclusions A lower mobility-related physical performance level was associated with dementia risk. Dementia risk assessment should include an adequate evaluation of physical function.

scholarly journals The Location Learning Test-Revised is associated with informant-reported everyday functioning in a sample of community-dwelling older adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L Thompson ◽  
Romola S Bucks ◽  
Michael Weinborn ◽  
Steven Paul Woods
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Object Location ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Ecological Relevance ◽  
Learning Test ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
Learning Trials

Abstract Objective Object location learning and memory may be important for older adults to successfully complete some everyday activities. Method This cross-sectional, correlational study investigated the ecological relevance of the Location Learning Test-Revised (LLT-R) in 195 community-dwelling, older adults in Western Australia. The LLT-R assesses object location learning and memory for everyday objects over five learning trials and after a 30-min delay. Knowledgeable informants provided structured ratings of participants’ activities of daily living and memory symptoms. Results A greater number of errors on LLT-R total learning trials were associated with mild problems in activities of daily living (particularly in travel and household domains), but not with memory symptoms. The LLT-R’s association with activities of daily living was accompanied by a small-to-medium effect size and was not better explained by demographics, global cognitive functioning, mood, or chronic medical conditions. Conclusions Findings provide some support for the ecological relevance of the LLT-R among older community-dwelling adults and suggest that object location learning may play a role in some everyday functioning problems that accompany typical aging.

Racial and Sex Differences in Associations Between Activities of Daily Living and Cognition in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 2174-2180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie L. Garrett ◽  
Patricia Sawyer ◽  
Richard E. Kennedy ◽  
Dawn McGuire ◽  
Roger P. Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

scholarly journals Association of Frailty With Recovery From Disability Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Results From Two Large U.S. Cohorts

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenkai Wu ◽  
Dae H Kim ◽  
Qian-Li Xue ◽  
David S H Lee ◽  
Ravi Varadhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Frailty Assessment ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract Background Disability in activities of daily living (ADLs) is a dynamic process and transitions among different disability states are common. However, little is known about factors affecting recovery from disability. We examined the association between frailty and recovery from disability among nondisabled community-dwelling elders. Methods We studied 1,023 adults from the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) and 685 adults from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), who were ≥65 years and had incident disability, defined as having difficulty in ≥1 ADL (dressing, eating, toileting, bathing, transferring, walking across a room). Disability recovery was defined as having no difficulty in any ADLs. Frailty was assessed by slowness, weakness, exhaustion, inactivity, and shrinking. Persons were classified as “nonfrail” (0 criteria), “prefrail” (1–2 criteria), or “frail” (3–5 criteria). Results In total, 539 (52.7%) CHS participants recovered from disability within 1 year. Almost two-thirds of nonfrail persons recovered, while less than two-fifths of the frail recovered. In the HRS, 234 (34.2%) participants recovered from disability within 2 years. Approximately half of the nonfrail recovered, while less than one-fifth of the frail recovered. After adjustment, prefrail and frail CHS participants were 16% and 36% less likely to recover than the nonfrail, respectively. In the HRS, frail persons had a 41% lower likelihood of recovery than the nonfrail. Conclusions Frailty is an independent predictor of poor recovery from disability among nondisabled older adults. These findings validate frailty as a marker of decreased resilience and may offer opportunities for individualized interventions and geriatric care based on frailty assessment.

Evaluation of a geriatric day rehabilitation centre: subjective and objective outcomes in community-dwelling older adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Foley ◽  
S. Hillier ◽  
R. Barnard
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Rehabilitation Centre ◽  
Lower Limb Strength ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Pre and post testing were conducted on community-dwelling older adults referred to a geriatric day rehabilitation centre (DRC). Consecutive DRC clients were screened for inclusion over a 16-month period and were eligible if: aged 60+ years; cognitively intact; and reason for referral involved spinal or lower limb musculoskeletal impairment, disability or surgery, and/or reduced functional mobility or falls. Clients were excluded if they had a neurological disorder, or did not complete the program. Outcome measures included: lower limb strength; balance; mobility; self-reported pain; activities of daily living; and quality of life. Data were summarised using descriptive statistics and analysed using paired t-tests. Of the 137 participants recruited, 110 were female and the mean age was 79.5 ± 7.3 years. In total, 106 participants completed the DRC program and were assessed at baseline and re-assessed at discharge. The mean length of stay was 12.4 ± 2.9 weeks, with 21.4 ± 5.4 attendances. From baseline to discharge, statistically significant differences were found for all objective measures of physical functioning, balance, and for all lower limb strength tests (P < 0.0001). Glasgow Pain Questionnaire scores demonstrated statistically significant improvements in all five domains of the scale (P < 0.0001). The Barthel Index and Multi-dimensional Functional Assessment Questionnaire both showed a statistically significant improvement in the level of independence in activities of daily living (ADL) (P < 0.05). The Assessment of Quality of Life Questionnaire showed a statistically significant improvement (P = 0.027). The Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale also showed a statistically significant improvement over DRC attendance (P = 0.005). The Falls Efficacy Scale showed a positive change, but the improvement was not statistically significant (P = 0.80). The study’s results indicate that community-dwelling older adults with physical disabilities and multiple comorbidities who attended the interdisciplinary geriatric DRC, significantly improved their lower limb strength, balance and physical function, and also showed significant decreases in self-reported pain, and improvements in independence in ADL and quality of life. Given the limitations of the current study, further research, in the form of high quality studies with larger sample sizes that involve direct comparisons with other forms of care or against a control group, is needed to determine whether day rehabilitation centre programs provide the optimum mode of rehabilitation for this population in the most cost effective manner.

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