scholarly journals Case Study: Trap Crop with Pheromone Traps for SuppressingEuschistus servus(Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in Cotton

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Tillman ◽  
T. E. Cottrell
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Trap Crops ◽  
Euschistus Servus ◽  
Heteroptera Pentatomidae ◽  
Cotton Fields ◽  
On Farm

The brown stink bug,Euschistus servus(Say), can disperse from source habitats, including corn,Zea maysL., and peanut,Arachis hypogaeaL., into cotton,Gossypium hirsutumL. Therefore, a 2-year on-farm experiment was conducted to determine the effectiveness of a sorghum (Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench spp.bicolor) trap crop, with or withoutEuschistusspp. pheromone traps, to suppress dispersal of this pest to cotton. In 2004, density ofE. servuswas lower in cotton fields with sorghum trap crops (with or without pheromone traps) compared to control cotton fields. Similarly, in 2006, density ofE. servuswas lower in cotton fields with sorghum trap crops and pheromone traps compared to control cotton fields. Thus, the combination of the sorghum trap crop and pheromone traps effectively suppressed dispersal ofE. servusinto cotton. Inclusion of pheromone traps with trap crops potentially offers additional benefits, including: (1) reducing the density ofE. servusadults in a trap crop, especially females, to possibly decrease the local population over time and reduce the overwintering population, (2) reducing dispersal ofE. servusadults from the trap crop into cotton, and (3) potentially attracting more dispersingE. servusadults into a trap crop during a period of time when preferred food is not prevalent in the landscape.

An Improved Trap for Monitoring Stink Bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in Apple and Peach Orchards

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry W. Hogmire ◽  
Tracy C. Leskey
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Acrosternum Hilare ◽  
Euschistus Servus ◽  
Capture Mechanism ◽  
Green Stink Bug ◽  
Heteroptera Pentatomidae ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
Decision Making Tool

Capture of stink bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in apple orchards with yellow pyramid traps baited with Euschistus spp. (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) aggregation pheromone, methyl (2E,4Z)-decadienoate, was 4 fold greater when traps were topped with a 3.8-L jar with a 1.6 cm diameter opening and trimmed wire edging than with a 1.9-L jar with a 5 cm diameter opening with no wire edging. Stink bug capture in the 3.8-L jar top was unaffected by the presence or size of an insecticide ear tag, indicating that this improved design led to increased captures by reducing escape. Sixty-four percent fewer stink bugs escaped from 3.8-L jar tops with the improved capture mechanism than from the 1.9-L jar tops. Green stink bug, Acrosternum hilare (Say), was more susceptible to the presence of the insecticide ear tag than the brown stink bug, Euschistus servus (Say), with dusky stink bug, E. tristigmus (Say), exhibiting high mortality in traps with and without ear tags. Among baited and unbaited pyramid traps with different visual stimuli, fewer captures were recorded in black pyramid traps than in clear, yellow, green or white pyramid traps. Similar numbers of brown stink bugs were captured in yellow pyramid traps deployed on the ground between trees or on horizontal branches within trees in the orchard border row. Captures of dusky and green stink bugs were greater in the tree pyramid, especially from August to mid-October. Relationships between stink bug capture and injury will need to be determined before this trap can be incorporated as a decision-making tool in pest management programs.

Populations of Stink Bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) and their Natural Enemies in Peanuts

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glynn Tillman
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Geocoris Punctipes ◽  
Oebalus Pugnax ◽  
Heteroptera Pentatomidae ◽  
Telenomus Podisi ◽  
On Farm

The objective of this on-farm study was to determine if peanuts harbor populations of stink bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) and their natural enemies in Georgia. Eight species of phytophagous stink bugs were found in peanuts over the 5-yr study. The predominant stink bug species were Nezara viridula (L.), Euschistus servus (Say), Euschistus quadrator (Rolston), and Oebalus pugnax pugnax (F.). The remaining 4 species, Acrosternum hilare (Say), Euschistus tristigmus (Say), Euschistus ictericus (L.), and Thyanta custator accerra McAtee, were found in relatively low numbers. All developmental stages of N. viridula, E. servus, E. quadrator, A. hilare, and O. p. pugnax were collected at various times in the study indicating that these 5 species of stink bugs were developing on this crop. Seasonal abundance of N. viridula and E. servus nymphs and adults provided further support that these 2 species of stink bugs developed on peanuts. At least 1 generation of N. viridula and E. servus occurred in peanuts each year, and generally some of the adults that developed on peanuts oviposited on peanuts producing another generation of nymphs in this crop. Because only adults of T. c. accerra, E. tristigmus, and E. ictericus were found in peanuts, these 3 stink bug species probably were not developing on this crop. Adult stink bugs were parasitized by the tachinid parasitoids Trichopoda pennipes (F.) and Cylindromyia spp. Stink bug eggs were parasitized by the scelionids, Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston), Trissolcus thyantae Ashmead, Trissolcus brochymenae (Ashmead), Telenomus podisi Ashmead, and Gryon obesum Masner, and an unknown encyrtid species. Geocoris punctipes (Say), Geocoris uliginosus (Say), Orius insidiosus (Say), Podisus maculiventris (Say), and Oxyopes salticus Hentz preyed on stink bugs in peanuts. Peanuts harbor populations of stink bugs and their natural enemies, and thus the role peanuts play in landscape ecology of stink bugs needs to be ascertained to better understand how to manage stink bug populations in landscapes in which peanuts are associated with other crops.

scholarly journals Adult diapause morph of the brown stink bug, Euschistus servus (Say) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Borges ◽  
Aijun Zhang ◽  
Mary J. Camp ◽  
Jeffrey R. Aldrich
Keyword(s):  
Stink Bug ◽  
Adult Diapause ◽  
Euschistus Servus ◽  
Heteroptera Pentatomidae

Tobacco as a Trap Crop for Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Cotton

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Glynn Tillman
Keyword(s):  
Heliothis Virescens ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Tobacco Budworm ◽  
Cotton Field ◽  
Economic Threshold ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Trap Crops ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Cotton Fields

A 3-yr study evaluated tobacco as a trap crop for the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), in cotton. Small plot experiments were conducted on an experimental farm at Mississippi State University in Starkville, MS, in 1996 and on a commercial farm in Aliceville, AL, in 1997 to determine the ability of small strips of tobacco to trap H. virescens in cotton field plots. In the 1996 experiment, tobacco budworms eggs were significantly higher on tobacco than on cotton from 7 June through 19 June and from 10 July through 22 July. In 1997, H. virescens eggs were significantly higher on tobacco than on cotton for every sampling date throughout the growing season. The conclusion derived from these small plot experiments was that H. virescens females preferred tobacco over cotton as an ovipositional site. Therefore, in 1998, a large-scale field experiment was conducted to determine the effectiveness of tobacco as a trap crop for H. virescens in commercial cotton fields in Funston, GA. In this experiment, the number of H. virescens eggs was significantly lower in cotton fields with tobacco trap crops compared to control cotton fields without tobacco trap crops on 2 and 9 July. Also, economic threshold for H. virescens was not reached in these cotton fields with tobacco trap crops. In contrast, the economic threshold for this pest was met in cotton fields without tobacco trap crops on two dates during the growing season. For each year of the study, percentage total real mortality (rx) for eggs and larvae of H. virescens on tobacco was very high, ranging from 91.4–99.9%. Larval mortality was attributed in part to parasitization by Toxoneuron nigriceps (formerly Cardiochiles nigriceps) Viereck and Campoletis sonorensis Cameron and an infection by an ascovirus of H. virescens. Thus, tobacco served as a trap crop and sink for H. virescens in cotton in this study.

COMBINATION OF INSECTICIDE APPLICATIONS WITH TRAP CROPS OF EARLY MATURING SOYBEAN AND SOUTHERN PEAS FOR POPULATION MANAGEMENT OF NEZARA VIRIDULA IN SOYBEAN1,2 (HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE)

1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Todd ◽  
F. W. Schumann
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Population Management ◽  
Nezara Viridula ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Trap Crops ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Main Crop ◽  
Early Maturing

Early maturing soybean, Glycine max, cultivars and southern peas, Vigna unguiculata, were used as trap crops in large scale field tests for Nezara viridula population management in soybean. In a 1979 test, the ‘Dare’ trap crop reached R5 (podfill) ca. 2 weeks prior to ‘Bragg’, and was infested with a much larger stink bug population. Southern peas and ‘Coker 156’ soybean were used in four field tests in 1981, and results indicated that insecticide treatments applied to the trap crop when the main crop ‘Bragg’ was in R3-R4 (podset) stage were applied too late, thereby allowing stink bug populations in each field to develop to high population levels. These results indicate that chemical controls should be applied to the trap crop before 5th stage nymphs change to adults with much greater dispersal capability and sexual maturity. Additionally, treatment of the trap crop should occur before the main crop enters the R3-R4 stage of development, since oviposition by female N. viridula is known to be greatly intensified in soybean in that phenological stage.

Effect of field edges on dispersal and distribution of colonizing stink bugs across farmscapes of the Southeast USA

2013 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.G. Tillman ◽  
T.E. Cottrell ◽  
R.F. Mizell ◽  
E. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Edge Effect ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Edge Effects ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Southeastern Usa ◽  
Crop Height ◽  
Euschistus Servus ◽  
Heteroptera Pentatomidae ◽  
Host Plant Suitability

AbstractStink bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), including Nezara viridula (L.), Euschistus servus (Say), and Chinavia hilaris (Say), are economic pests in farmscapes where they move within and between closely associated crop and non-crop habitats. Thus, field edges in these farmscapes include not only crop-to-crop interfaces but also those edges adjoining non-crop habitats. We examined the influence of field edges on colonization of stink bugs in southeastern USA farmscapes composed of typical combinations of corn, peanut, and cotton. For E. servus and N. viridula, egg-to-adult development and presence of both sexes on all crops indicated that the crops served as reproductive plants. Adult C. hilaris were rarely found on corn and on crops associated with it, and they were present mainly in cotton in peanut–cotton farmscapes. Mature crop height was significantly higher for corn than for cotton and significantly higher for cotton over peanut, and an edge effect in dispersal of stink bugs into a crop was detected up to 4.6, 8.2, and 14.6 m from the crop-to-crop interface in corn, cotton, and peanut, respectively. These results suggest that stink bug dispersal into a crop decreases as crop height increases. The first stink bug-infested crop at the crop-to-crop interface was the most significant contributor of colonizing stink bugs to an adjacent crop. An edge effect in dispersal of stink bug adults was detected in corn next to non-woodlands and woodlands and in cotton adjacent to woodlands. Edge effects were never detected in side edges of peanut. Overall, our results indicate that both plant height and host plant suitability can influence edge-mediated dispersal of stink bugs at field edges.

Aspects of the Relationships between the Community of Sheikh Abd al-Qurna and Ancient Egyptian Monuments

2020 ◽  
pp. 507-522
Author(s):  
Andrew Bednarski ◽  
Gemma Tully
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Social Awareness ◽  
Single Case Study ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Complex Relationships

Epigraphers and archaeologists working in Egypt must navigate a host of complex relationships both on and off site. This chapter explores the multifaceted nature of local Egyptian peoples’ relationships with nearby monuments through the lens of a single case study: the site of Sheikh Abd al-Qurna and its local population, the Qurnawi. Egyptologists have not traditionally sought to incorporate formally the stories and histories of local populations in their studies of pharaonic sites. An increasing blend of social awareness and the desire for social action on the part of both foreign professionals and local activists, however, is pushing Egyptologists to re-evaluate their practices, which, in turn, is moving the discipline in new and positive directions.

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