scholarly journals Pathogenic and Diagnostic Potential of BLCA-1 and BLCA-4 Nuclear Proteins in Urothelial Cell Carcinoma of Human Bladder

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Santoni ◽  
Francesco Catanzariti ◽  
Daniele Minardi ◽  
Luciano Burattini ◽  
Massimo Nabissi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Transitional Cell ◽  
High Recurrence Rate ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Bladder Cancer Cells ◽  
Previously Treated Patients ◽  
Previously Treated

Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder is one of the most common malignancies of genitourinary tract. Patients with bladder cancer need a life-long surveillance, directly due to the relatively high recurrence rate of this tumor. The use of cystoscopy represents the gold standard for the followup of previously treated patients. Nevertheless, several factors, including cost and invasiveness, render cystoscopy not ideal for routine controls. Advances in the identification of specific alterations in the nuclear structure of bladder cancer cells have opened novel diagnostic landscapes. The members of nuclear matrix protein family BLCA-1 and BLCA-4, are currently under evaluation as bladder cancer urinary markers. They are involved in tumour cell proliferation, survival, and angiogenesis. In this paper, we illustrate the role of BLCA-1 and BLCA-4 in bladder carcinogenesis and their potential exploitation as biomarkers in this cancer.

scholarly journals The Role of Glutathione S-Transferases in Urinary Tract Tumors

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Simić ◽  
Ana Savić-Radojević ◽  
Marija Plješa-Ercegovac ◽  
Marija Matić ◽  
Tatjana Sašić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Transitional Cell ◽  
Chemotherapy Resistance ◽  
High Recurrence Rate ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Glutathione S Transferases

The Role of Glutathione S-Transferases in Urinary Tract Tumors Exposure to potential carcinogens is among the etiological factors for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder. RCC is very resistant, while TCC exhibits a high recurrence rate and multifocality. Cytosolic glutathione S-transferases (GST) are a superfamily of enzymes which protect normal cells by catalyzing conjugation reactions between electrophylic compounds, including carcinogens, and glutathione. Some GST enzymes posses hydroperoxidase activity. The most well characterized classes have been named Alpha (GSTA), Mu (GSTM), Pi (GSTP) and Theta (GSTT) and each of these classes contains several different isoenzymes. Several types of allelic variation have been identified within classes, among which GSTM1-null and GSTT1-null confer impaired catalytic activity. Individuals with the GSTM1-null genotype carry a substantially higher risk for bladder carcinogenesis. The effects of glutathione S-transferase T1 polymorphism on the increased susceptibility to RCC and TCC of urinary bladder depend on the presence of specific chemical exposures to compounds metabolized via the GSTT1-1 pathway. In the process of kidney cancerisation expression of GST alpha isoenzymes tends to decrease, consequently favoring a prooxidant environment necessary for the growth of RCC. GST pi enzyme activities are generally retained in RCC and might contribute to the chemotherapy resistance of RCC. In the malignant phenotype of TCC of the urinary bladder up regulation of various GST classes occurs. Up regulation of GSTT1-1 and GSTP1-1 might have important consequences on the tumor growth, by providing a reduced environment and inhibition of apoptotic pathways.

A Study on the Etiological Factors of Bilharzial Bladder Cancer in Egypt: 4. β-Carotene and Vitamin a Level in Serum

1982 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelbaset Anvver El-Aaser ◽  
Mahmoud Mohamed El-Merzabani ◽  
K.A. Abdel-Reheem ◽  
B.M. Hamza
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Transitional Cell ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Β Carotene

The possible role of vitamin A in the pathogenesis of bilharzial bladder cancer among Egyptians, particularly as it relates to the histopathologic tumor type, was investigated. Bilharzial patients and bladder cancer patients with squamous cell carcinoma, the most prevalent type in Egypt, showed significantly lower levels of vitamin A than normal male subjects. In contrast, bladder cancer patients with transitional cell carcinoma had levels that were not significantly different from normal male subjects. The possible role of vitamin A in the etiology of bilharzial bladder cancer is discussed.

scholarly journals Characterization of Uptake and Internalization of Exosomes by Bladder Cancer Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie A. Franzen ◽  
Patricia E. Simms ◽  
Adam F. Van Huis ◽  
Kimberly E. Foreman ◽  
Paul C. Kuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
High Recurrence Rate ◽  
Bladder Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Cell Survival

Bladder tumors represent a special therapeutic challenge as they have a high recurrence rate requiring repeated interventions and may progress to invasive or metastatic disease. Exosomes carry proteins implicated in bladder cancer progression and have been implicated in bladder cancer cell survival. Here, we characterized exosome uptake and internalization by human bladder cancer cells using Amnis ImageStreamX, an image cytometer. Exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation from bladder cancer culture conditioned supernatant, labeled with PKH-26, and analyzed on the ImageStreamX with an internal standard added to determine concentration. Exosomes were cocultured with bladder cancer cells and analyzed for internalization. Using the IDEAS software, we determined exosome uptake based on the number of PKH-26+ spots and overall PKH-26 fluorescence intensity. Using unlabeled beads of a known concentration and size, we were able to determine concentrations of exosomes isolated from bladder cancer cells. We measured exosome uptake by recipient bladder cancer cells, and we demonstrated that uptake is dose and time dependent. Finally, we found that uptake is active and specific, which can be partially blocked by heparin treatment. The characterization of cellular uptake and internalization by bladder cancer cells may shed light on the role of exosomes on bladder cancer recurrence and progression.

Perineal Urethrectomy for Transitional Urethral Tumours in Bladder Cancer Patients

1993 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-282
Author(s):  
P. De Carli ◽  
M. Marcellini ◽  
H. Fattahi ◽  
G. Mainiero ◽  
B.M. Ciammarughi
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Transitional Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Transitional Cell ◽  
Urethral Carcinoma ◽  
Bladder Substitution

Transitional cell carcinoma is often multicentric in the urinary tract and urethral tumours are not infrequent in bladder cancer patients. The occurrence of urethral carcinoma is simultaneous or recurrent after radical cystectomy. The management of urethral neoplasms and results of 12 simultaneous and 10 post-cystectomy cases treated with perineal urethrectomy are reported. The Authors debate the role of primary and secondary surgical treatment and the perineal or prepubic technique. One case of urethral recurrence after orthotopic bladder substitution emphasizes that patients must be accurately evaluated to exclude urethral disease before cystoprostatectomy, and monitored for carcinoma of urethral remnant.

Upper tract transitional cell carcinoma following or related to bladder cancer: Controversies

1996 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
S. Cosciani Cunico ◽  
E. Frego ◽  
M. Scanzi ◽  
T. Zanotelli ◽  
E. Panizza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Transitional Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Vesicoureteral Reflux ◽  
Transitional Cell ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract

— The incidence of upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma (UTTCC) following a bladder cancer has been studied in 1731 urothelial tumours from 1984 to 1995. The UTTCC were 88: 59 primitive, 6 synchronous and 23 metachronous after a bladder cancer (1672). Of the 23 metachronous UTTCC, 17 followed TURBT (17/1310 = 1.3%): the latency period was very long (64.8 months); grading and staging were mostly similar to the foregoing bladder tumours. A vesicoureteral reflux raised the metachronous UTTCC rate to 17.6%. A neoplastic distal ureter was found during radical cystectomy in 2.24%. During the follow-up of 362 radical cystectomies 6 (1.65%) metachronous UTTCC were recorded. A metachronous UTTCC is always a poor prognostic sign. There are some controversies concerning this topic such as: the role of IVP and urine cytology in the follow-up of bladder cancer, the management of a vesicoureteral reflux in bladder cancer and the choice of a urinary diversion in the event of an upper urinary tract at high risk for UTTCC.

Cisplatin, Gemcitabine, and Ifosfamide As Weekly Therapy: A Feasibility and Phase II Study of Salvage Treatment for Advanced Transitional-Cell Carcinoma

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 2965-2970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lance C. Pagliaro ◽  
Randall E. Millikan ◽  
Shi-Ming Tu ◽  
Dallas Williams ◽  
Danai Daliani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transitional Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Transitional Cell ◽  
Hematologic Toxicity ◽  
Nonhematologic Toxicity ◽  
Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Previously Treated Patients ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
Grade 3

PURPOSE: We investigated the feasibility, safety, and antitumor activity of weekly gemcitabine given in combination with low doses of cisplatin and ifosfamide in previously treated patients with advanced transitional-cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urothelium. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with measurable, metastatic or unresectable TCC who had received one or two prior chemotherapy regimens were eligible. On a 28-day course, doses of cisplatin 30 mg/m2, gemcitabine 800 mg/m2, and ifosfamide 1 g/m2 were given on day 1 and then repeated on day 8 and day 15 unless there was dose-limiting hematologic toxicity. RESULTS: Fifty-one patients were registered; 10 patients participated in a pilot study, after which 41 patients were registered onto the phase II protocol. Forty-eight patients (94.1%) had dose-limiting hematologic toxicity on day 8 or day 15. Nonhematologic toxicity of grade 3 or greater consisted mainly of nausea and vomiting (seven patients, 13.7%) and infection (seven patients, 13.7%). Responses could be assessed in 49 of 51 eligible patients; two complete responses (4.1%) and 18 partial responses (36.7%) were observed for an overall response rate of 40.8% (exact 95% confidence interval, 27% to 56%). CONCLUSION: This regimen of cisplatin, gemcitabine, and ifosfamide is not feasible for weekly administration because of hematologic toxicity. Nevertheless, there was promising activity with only two doses per 28-day cycle. On the basis of these results, we have initiated a phase II trial of this combination given as a single dose every 14 days in patients with untreated, metastatic urothelial carcinoma.

405: Previous History of Bladder Cancer is an Independent Prognostic Factor for Upper Tract Transitional Cell Carcinoma

2007 ◽  
Vol 177 (4S) ◽  
pp. 135-135
Author(s):  
Eiji Kikuchi ◽  
Akira Miyajima ◽  
Ken Nakagawa ◽  
Mototsugu Oya ◽  
Takashi Ohigashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Prognostic Factor ◽  
Transitional Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Transitional Cell ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Independent Prognostic Factor ◽  
Upper Tract ◽  
History Of
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