scholarly journals Spectrophotometric Determination of Malathion in Environmental Samples

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 857-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. V. S. Venugopal ◽  
B. Sumalatha ◽  
Syedabano
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Alkaline Degradation ◽  
Environmental Condition ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Absorbance Maximum ◽  
Ammonium Meta Vanadate ◽  
Interference Study

A simple, rapid, sensitive, and precise spectrophotometric method for the determination of Malathion is described. The method is based on the decomposition of Malathion in the presence of alcoholic KOH. Dimethyldithiophosphate produced is made to react with Ammonium meta vanadate in Nitric acid with the formation of blue color. Acid degradation of too slow to be important under environmental reaction conditions. However, alkaline degradation is too fast to be a pathway in environmental condition. The products of alkaline degradation are temperature dependant. The absorbance maximum was observed at 760 nm. The Beers law is obeyed up to 11 ppm. Interference study was carried for other pesticides.

Determination of Pentachlorophenol in Environmental Samples by Spectrophotometry

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Prashant Mundeja ◽  
Manish Kumar Rai ◽  
Deepak Kumar Sahu ◽  
Kalpana Wani ◽  
Mamta Nirmal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Cooling Tower ◽  
Organochlorine Compound ◽  
Wood Preservation ◽  
Reagent Blank ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Leuco Malachite Green

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) (2,3,4,5,6- pentachlorophenol) is an organochlorine compound used as a pesticide and a disinfectant. PCP is used as a herbicide, insecticide, fungicide and disinfectant. Some applications include agricultural seeds (for nonfood uses), leather, masonry, wood preservation, cooling tower water, rope, and paper mills. Determination of Pentachlorophenol was based on the reaction of PCP with concentrated nitric acid followed by potassium iodide for the liberation of iodine. Liberated iodine reacted with leuco malachite green for the formation of green colour dye which was measured at 610 nm against a reagent blank. Parameters affecting the reaction were studied. The interfering effect of various species was also investigated and the methods were applied on some vegetables and fruit samples.

scholarly journals Sensitive Spectrophotometric Method for Determining Pentachlorophenol in Various Environmental Samples

1998 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 803-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omi Agrawal ◽  
G Sunita ◽  
Vinay K Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Crystal Violet ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Absorption Maximum ◽  
Water Plant ◽  
Leucocrystal Violet ◽  
Sensitive Spectrophotometric Method

Abstract A new, simple, and sensitive spectrophotometric method is described for determination of pentachlorophenol, a widely used insecticide and herbicide, in various environmental samples. The method is based on the reaction of pentachlorophenol with concentrated nitric acid to form chloranil, which liberates iodine from potassium iodide. The liberated iodine then selectively oxidizes leucocrystal violet to form crystal violet, which has an absorption maximum at 592 nm. Beer's law is obeyed over the concentration range of 0.1-1.6 μg pentachlorophenol/ 25 ml_ (0.004-0.064 ppm). The method was applied satisfactorily to determination of pentachlorophenol in air, water, plant material, textile effluent, and biological samples.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Chloramphenicol and Its Esters in Complex Drug Mixtures

1981 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-563
Author(s):  
Muljibhai B Devani ◽  
Chamanlal J Shishoo ◽  
Kokila J Doshi ◽  
Ashok K Shah
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Sodium Succinate ◽  
Nitro Compounds ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Absorbance Maximum ◽  
Combination Drugs ◽  
Aromatic Nitro ◽  
Complex Drug

Abstract When aromatic nitro compounds are reduced with zinc and calcium chloride and reacted with trisodium pentacyanoaminoferrate they give a purple product having an absorbance maximum between 480 and 540nm. Applying this reaction, a quantitative method has been developed for the determination of chloramphenicol and its esters. Various reaction conditions have been standardized. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration range of 4 to 32 μg/mL reaction mixture. Average recoveries and standard deviations were 99.78 ± 0.627 and 99.90 ± 0.660; 101.06 ± 0.702; and 99.90 ± 0.880% for chloramphenicol, chloramphenicol sodium succinate, and chloramphenicol palmitate, respectively. The method has also been applied to determine chloramphenicol and its esters as well as chloramphenical in the presence of combination drugs in dosage forms. The presence of benzocaine, lignocaine, sulfadiazine, nitrofurantoin, ascorbic acid, hydrocortisone, prednisolone, streptomycin, and tetracycline does not interfere with the proposed spectrophotometric procedure. The method does not require prior separation of chloramphenicol from combination drugs.

scholarly journals Exploiting of the phenoxazine as first – ever use ligand in rapid spectrophotometric methods for the determination of chromium(VI) in environmental samples

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansour S. Abdul Galil ◽  
Riyad Ahmed Al Okab
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Addition Method ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Chromium Vi ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid Medium ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Optimum Reaction

AbstractTwo new rapid, accurate, sensitive, reproducible and economical spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of hexavalent chromium in bulk and in environmental samples like, water and soil using two new electrophilic coupling spectrophotometric reagents, 2-amino-2′,5-dichlorobenzophenone (MCB) and 2-amino-5-chloro-2'-fluorobenzophenone (MFB) and first-ever use phenoxazine (PNZ). Both methods are based on the oxidation of (MCB) or (MFB) by chromium(VI) in hydrochloric acid medium and coupling with PNZ to yield red colored, which are stable for about 12 h and have an absorbance maximum 520 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed for chromium(VI) in the concentration ranges 0.15-1.20 μg mL-1 and 0.17-1.41 μg mL- 1 respectively. The optimum reaction conditions and other important analytical parameters were established to maximize sensitivity of these methods. Interference by various non-target ions was also investigated. The performance of these methods was further evaluated by recovery tests applying standard addition method, which indicated that there is no significant difference between the proposed methods and the standard reference spectrophotometric method.

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