scholarly journals Spectral Biomimetic Technique for Wood Classification Inspired by Human Echolocation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Martínez Rojas ◽  
Santiago Vignote Peña ◽  
Jesús Alpuente Hermosilla ◽  
Rocío Sánchez Montero ◽  
Pablo Luis López Espí ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
The Real ◽  
Mathematical Properties ◽  
Nondestructive Techniques ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

Palatal clicks are most interesting for human echolocation. Moreover, these sounds are suitable for other acoustic applications due to their regular mathematical properties and reproducibility. Simple and nondestructive techniques, bioinspired by synthetized pulses whose form reproduces the best features of palatal clicks, can be developed. The use of synthetic palatal pulses also allows detailed studies of the real possibilities of acoustic human echolocation without the problems associated with subjective individual differences. These techniques are being applied to the study of wood. As an example, a comparison of the performance of both natural and synthetic human echolocation to identify three different species of wood is presented. The results show that human echolocation has a vast potential.

Determinants of Response of Wolf Pups To Auditory Signals

Behaviour ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 98-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.W. Young ◽  
J.C. Fentress ◽  
M.D. Shalter
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Vocal Behavior ◽  
Vocal Response ◽  
Human Observer ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
General Activity ◽  
Communication Signals ◽  
The Real ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

AbstractTwo naive wolf pups (Canis lupus) were presented a variety of sound stimuli, including standardized recordings of natural and synthetic adult howls. The greatest and most consistent vocal response was elicited by the "real" howls. The nature of the response depended in part upon the i) type of stimulus, 2) number of stimulus presentations, 3) associated manipulations of context, and 4) individual differences in vocal responsiveness. Neither specific ongoing behaviors nor general activity levels of the pups appears to have mediated their vocal behavior. Differential responses demonstrated their ability to distinguish between recorded howls of adult wolves. Manipulation of the context, through presentation of either a human observer, live dog, or live mice increased the pups' vocalizations to the recordings. The results are discussed in terms of both extrinsic and intrinsic determinants of an animal's response to communication signals.

scholarly journals When Fair Is Not Equal

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 847-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Zhao ◽  
Eamonn Ferguson ◽  
Luke D. Smillie
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Real World ◽  
Dictator Game ◽  
Prosocial Behaviors ◽  
Contextual Cues ◽  
Economic Games ◽  
The Real

Growing evidence has highlighted the importance of social norms in promoting prosocial behaviors in economic games. Specifically, individual differences in norm adherence—captured by the politeness aspect of Big Five agreeableness—have been found to predict fair allocations of wealth to one’s partner in the dictator game. Yet, most studies have used neutrally framed paradigms, where players may default to norms of equality in the absence of contextual cues. In this study ( N = 707), we examined prosocial personality traits and dictator allocations under salient real-world norms of equity and need. Extending on the previous research, we found that—in addition to politeness—the compassion aspect of agreeableness predicted greater allocations of wealth when they were embedded in real-world norms. These results represent an important step in understanding the real-world implications of laboratory-based research, demonstrating the importance of both normative context and prosocial traits.

A Bioeducational Approach to Virtual Learning Environments

2021 ◽  
pp. 189-209
Author(s):  
Alessandro Ciasullo
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Learning Environments ◽  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Virtual Learning ◽  
Virtual Learning Environments ◽  
Environmental Challenges ◽  
The Real ◽  
Learning Contexts ◽  
Real Objects ◽  
Neuronal Patterns

Knowledge carries some general characteristics related to the socio-environmental, cultural, and bio-physiological contexts. These three coordinates help us to understand under which condition knowledge is achieved/gained and they do it. Along the same line, the real or virtual learning contexts being essential and unique, the possibilities offered by the VLE which give the opportunity of programming environmental challenges, complexity, and support for subjects open up a series of educational perspectives that support individual differences even when they reproduce social platforms as virtual worlds. Programming that through adequate representations of environments, situations, problems, and specific actions are able to work on more complex neuronal patterns usually activated in the presence of real objects, especially in light of the current structures present in formal contexts of education.

Perception of Slope and Distance in Photographs and in the Real World

Perception ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 25 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 33-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Davies ◽  
J Howes ◽  
J Huber ◽  
J Nicholls
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Power Function ◽  
Real World ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Observation Point ◽  
Scale Factor ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
The Real ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Natural Slopes

We report a series of experiments in which spatial judgments of the real world were compared with equivalent judgments of photographs of the real-world scenes. In experiment 1, subjects judged the angle from the horizontal of natural slopes. Judgments of slope correlated with true slope (r=0.88) but judgments were in general overestimates. Equivalent judgments of slope in photographs again correlated with true slope (r=0.91) but judgments tended to be overestimates for small angles (6°) and underestimates for larger angles (up to 25°). In experiment 2 slope judgments were made under laboratory conditions rather than in the natural world. The slopes, which were viewed monocularly, varied from 5° – 45°, and were either plain, or textured, or included perspective information (a rectangle drawn on the surface) or had both texture and perspective. Judgments were overestimates, but the correlation with true slope was high (r=0.97). Slopes with either texture or perspective were judged more accurately than plain slopes, but combining texture and perspective information conferred no further benefit. Judgment of the angle of the same slopes in photographs produced similar results, but the degree of overestimation (closer to the vertical) was greater than for the real slopes. In experiment 3, subjects either judged the distance of landmarks ranging from 200 m to 5000 m from the observation point, or judged distance to the landmarks in photographs. In both cases subjects' judgments were well described by a power function with exponents close to one. Although there are large individual differences, subjects' judgments of slope and distance are accurate to a scale factor, and photographs yield similar judgments to real scenes.

scholarly journals Mathematical Aspects of Krätzel Integral and Krätzel Transform

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arak M. Mathai ◽  
Hans J. Haubold
Keyword(s):  
Integral Transform ◽  
Statistical Distributions ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Scalar ◽  
Mathematical Properties ◽  
Scalar Variable ◽  
Krätzel Integral

A real scalar variable integral is known in the literature by different names in different disciplines. It is basically a Bessel integral called specifically Krätzel integral. An integral transform with this Krätzel function as kernel is known as Krätzel transform. This article examines some mathematical properties of Krätzel integral, its connection to Mellin convolutions and statistical distributions, its computable representations, and its extensions to multivariate and matrix-variate cases, in both the real and complex domains. An extension in the pathway family of functions is also explored.

Individualizing arithmetic instruction

1964 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 348-349
Author(s):  
Helen Redbird
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Public Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Learning Situation ◽  
The Real ◽  
Arithmetic Instruction

The United States' system of public education is based on individual likenesses — not on individual differences. The idea is that we are alike enough that we can be educated together. Individual likenesses is still a good concept to use in the educational process. It should not be considered as opposed to individual differences, but as another concept in arranging for learning in the classroom. The real question to me, as a teacher, is which one is the better concept for a given learning situation.

scholarly journals Individual Differences in the Real-Time Comprehension of Children with ASD

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 417-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney E. Venker ◽  
Elizabeth R. Eernisse ◽  
Jenny R. Saffran ◽  
Susan Ellis Weismer
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Real Time ◽  
The Real ◽  
Children With Asd

Reviews

1969 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
George D. Spache ◽  
Ichiro K. Sakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Child Development ◽  
Reading Instruction ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Conference Report ◽  
Women Teachers ◽  
Teachers College ◽  
The Real ◽  
American Occupation ◽  
Foreign Materials

This is the first of a series of reviews of contemporary foreign materials concerned with reading instruction. Each will be written by an educator familiar with the developments of his country in this area. In this first article, Ichiro K. Sakamoto of the Women Teachers' College of Tokyo reviews a conference report on language education. Readers will be interested, we think, in the effects of the American occupation upon content and methods, the introduction of phonics, and the parallelism of American and Japanese instructional problems such as: dealing with individual differences; the real purpose of reading instruction; and child development and reading.

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