scholarly journals Loss to Followup in HIV-Infected Patients from Asia-Pacific Region: Results from TAHOD

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialun Zhou ◽  
Junko Tanuma ◽  
Romanee Chaiwarith ◽  
Christopher K. C. Lee ◽  
Matthew G. Law ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Drug Regimen ◽  
Clinic Visit ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lost To Follow Up

This study examined characteristics of HIV-infected patients in the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database who were lost to follow-up (LTFU) from treatment and care. Time from last clinic visit to 31 March 2009 was analysed to determine the interval that best classified LTFU. Patients defined as LTFU were then categorised into permanently LTFU (never returned) and temporary LTFU (re-entered later), and these groups compared. A total of 3626 patients were included (71% male). No clinic visits for 180 days was the best-performing LTFU definition (sensitivity 90.6%, specificity 92.3%). During 7697 person-years of follow-up, 1648 episodes of LFTU were recorded (21.4 per 100-person-years). Patients LFTU were younger (P=0.002), had HIV viral load ≥500 copies/mL or missing (P=0.021), had shorter history of HIV infection (P=0.048), and received no, single- or double-antiretroviral therapy, or a triple-drug regimen containing a protease inhibitor (P<0.001). 48% of patients LTFU never returned. These patients were more likely to have low or missing haemoglobin (P<0.001), missing recent HIV viral load (P<0.001), negative hepatitis C test (P=0.025), and previous temporary LTFU episodes (P<0.001). Our analyses suggest that patients not seen at a clinic for 180 days are at high risk of permanent LTFU, and should be aggressively traced.

scholarly journals Predictors of virological failure among people living with HIV receiving first line antiretroviral treatment in Myanmar: retrospective cohort analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Mesic ◽  
Alexander Spina ◽  
Htay Thet Mar ◽  
Phone Thit ◽  
Tom Decroo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Virological Failure ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
First Line ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Loss To Follow Up ◽  
History Of ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background Progress toward the global target for 95% virological suppression among those on antiretroviral treatment (ART) is still suboptimal. We describe the viral load (VL) cascade, the incidence of virological failure and associated risk factors among people living with HIV receiving first-line ART in an HIV cohort in Myanmar treated by the Médecins Sans Frontières in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and Sports Myanmar. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study, including adult patients with at least one HIV viral load test result and having received of at least 6 months’ standard first-line ART. The incidence rate of virological failure (HIV viral load ≥ 1000 copies/mL) was calculated. Multivariable Cox’s regression was performed to identify risk factors for virological failure. Results We included 25,260 patients with a median age of 33.1 years (interquartile range, IQR 28.0–39.1) and a median observation time of 5.4 years (IQR 3.7–7.9). Virological failure was documented in 3,579 (14.2%) participants, resulting in an overall incidence rate for failure of 2.5 per 100 person-years of follow-up. Among those who had a follow-up viral load result, 1,258 (57.1%) had confirmed virological failure, of which 836 (66.5%) were switched to second-line treatment. An increased hazard for failure was associated with age ≤ 19 years (adjusted hazard ratio, aHR 1.51; 95% confidence intervals, CI 1.20–1.89; p < 0.001), baseline tuberculosis (aHR 1.39; 95% CI 1.14–1.49; p < 0.001), a history of low-level viremia (aHR 1.60; 95% CI 1.42–1.81; p < 0.001), or a history of loss-to-follow-up (aHR 1.24; 95% CI 1.41–1.52; p = 0.041) and being on the same regimen (aHR 1.37; 95% CI 1.07–1.76; p < 0.001). Cumulative appointment delay was not significantly associated with failure after controlling for covariates. Conclusions VL monitoring is an important tool to improve programme outcomes, however limited coverage of VL testing and acting on test results hampers its full potential. In our cohort children and adolescents, PLHIV with history of loss-to-follow-up or those with low-viremia are at the highest risk of virological failure and might require more frequent virological monitoring than is currently recommended.

P5341Predictive factors of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases events in HIV-HVC co-infected patients: results from hepavih ANRS co13 cohort

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Boccara ◽  
B K Tan ◽  
M Chalouni ◽  
D Salmon Ceron ◽  
A Cinaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Sustained Viral Response ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Personal History ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Abstract Introduction Several studies highlighted an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in HIV-HCV co-infected patients without clearly identifying specific virologic factors associated with atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) events. Purpose Hence, we analyzed data collection from the French nationwide ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH cohort to determine the incidence of ASCVD events in HIV-HCV co-infected patients and the predictive factors associated with its occurrence. Methods The French multicenter nationwide ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH clinic-based cohort collected prospective clinical and biological data from HIV-HCV co-infected patients followed-up in 28 different university hospitals between December 2005 to November 2016. Participants with at least one year of follow-up were included. Primary outcome was the occurrence of major ASCVD events (cardiovascular death, acute coronary syndrome, coronary revascularization and stroke). Secondary outcomes were total ASCVD events including major ASCVD events and minor ASCVD events (peripheral arterial disease [PAD]). Incidence rates were estimated using Aalen-Johansen method and factors associated with ASCVD identified with Cox proportional hazards models. Results A total of 1213 patients were included: median age 45.4 years [42.1–49.0], 70.3% men, current smoking 70.2%, overweight 19.5%, liver cirrhosis 18.9%, chronic alcohol consumption 7.8%, diabetes mellitus (5.9%), personal history of CVD 2.7%, and statins use 4.1%. After a median follow-up of 5.1 years [3.9–7.0], 44 participants experienced at least one ASCVD event (26 major ASCVD event, and 20 a minor event). Incidences for total, major and minor ASCVD events were of 6.98 [5.19; 9.38], 4.01 [2.78; 6.00], and 3.17 [2.05; 4.92] per 1000 person-years, respectively. Personal history of CVD (Hazard Ratio (HR)=13.94 [4.25–45.66]), high total cholesterol (HR=1.63 [1.24–2.15]), low HDL cholesterol (HR=0.08 [0.02–0.34]) and undetectable HIV viral load (HR=0.41 [0.18–0.96]) were identified as independent factors associated with major ASCVD events while cirrhosis status, liver fibrosis and HCV sustained viral response were not. Cumulative incidence of CV events Conclusion HIV-HCV co-infected patients experience a high incidence of ASCVD events both coronary and peripheral artery diseases. Traditional CV risk factors are the main determinants of ASCVD whereas undetectable HIV viral load seems to be protective. Management of cholesterol abnormalities and controlling viral load are essential to modify this high cardiovascular risk. Acknowledgement/Funding Agence Natoinale de Recherche sur le SIDA et les Hépatites virales

scholarly journals APEC’S place in modern political and economic processes in Greater East Asia

2020 ◽  
pp. 337-346
Author(s):  
Dmitrij V. Mosyakov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
International Security ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Issues

This article is devoted to the history of such an authoritative international organization as the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation-APEC. This organization, created to address issues of economic integration in the Asia-Pacific region, has gradually turned into the main platform for political negotiations, at which key issues of international security and international relations are discussed.

Intergroup Communication: Asia/Australasia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Liu
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Asian Immigrants ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Intergroup Communication ◽  
The Past ◽  
Asian Immigration ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
History Of

Located in the Asia Pacific region, Asia and Australasia have established a long and close relationship over the past centuries. Asian immigrants play a key role in the development and maintenance of this relationship between the two continents. As Australia not only occupies 86% of the Australasia region but also has a long history of receiving Asian immigrants, dating back to the 18th century, research on intergroup communication between Asian immigrants and host nationals tends to be concentrated in Australia. Under the early White Australia Policy, restrictions on Asian immigrants were imposed to protect the White Australia. This reflected the values and attitudes at the time when many Australians considered Asia as a threat and defined themselves as separate from it. Since the removal of this policy in 1973, particularly in the past four decades, there has been a substantial boom of Asian immigration to Australia. They transformed Australia’s economy, society, culture, and more importantly, Australians’ attitudes toward Asia and Asians. Asian immigrants are therefore central to the study of intergroup communication in Australasia.

Brian Herbert Kay 1944–2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Michael F. Good ◽  
Scott A. Ritchie ◽  
Darryl McGinn ◽  
Richard C. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Young Researchers ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Scientific Achievements

Brian Kaywas a renowned entomologist and arbovirologistwhoworked in academia and with local and international governments to make major and lasting improvements in public health. Particular highlights were the first ever elimination of a saltmarsh mosquito in the world and elimination of dengue from many hamlets and villages in Vietnam. He is also remembered for the development of the careers of many young researchers in Australia and overseas. When thinking of Brian Kay, three things come to mind immediately. First, Brian was a great character–a man of fun and passion and always good to be around. He had a great cheeky smile. Second, Brian was deeply committed to the careers and well-being of those around him–exemplified no better than how he acted so caringly for the Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR) staff when he served for several years as Chairman of the QIMR Staff Association; and third, Brian was an outstanding entomologist, biologist, scientist. Here, we give a little history of his background and attempt to distil a few of Brian's many scientific achievements and paint a picture of a man who was greatly admired and loved by those who worked alongside him in various parts of the world, but predominantly in Australia and the Asia Pacific Region.

Sanitized Sex

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Kramm
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Venereal Disease ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Postwar Japan ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Spatial Formations

Sanitized Sex analyzes the development of new forms of regulation concerning prostitution, venereal disease, and intimacy during the occupation of Japan after the Second World War, focusing on the period between 1945 and 1952. It contributes to the cultural and social history of the occupation of Japan by investigating the intersections of the ordering principles of race, class, gender, and sexuality. It reveals how sex and its regulation were not marginal but key issues in the occupation politics, as well as in postwar state- and empire-building, U.S.-Japan relations, and American and Japanese self-imagery. An analysis of the “sanitization of sex” uncovers new spatial formations in the postwar period. The ways and means in which the sexual encounter between occupiers and occupied was regulated and experienced were closely linked to the disintegration of the Japanese Empire and the rise of U.S. hegemony in the Asia-Pacific region during the Cold War era. An analysis of the sanitization of sex thus sheds new light on the configuration of postwar Japan, the process of decolonization, the postcolonial formation of the Asia-Pacific region, and the particularities of postwar U.S. imperialism. More than a book about the regulation of sex between occupiers and occupied in postwar Japan, Sanitized Sex offers a reading of the intimacies of empires—defeated and victorious.

scholarly journals Tracing the Provenance of the Devonian Limestone of Telen River, East Kalimantan

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Herman Darman
Keyword(s):  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Tectonic Movement ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Formation History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Institute Of Technology

H. Witkamp found an outcrop with Devonian Limestone in East Kalimantan in 1925. In 1989, an expedition run by Institute of Technology Bandung (ITB) reinvestigated the outcrop and concluded that the Devonian Limestones in Telen River were boulders within a Permian formation. This paper gives a wider overview on the distribution of Devonian rocks in Asia Pacific region and discusses their possible origin.Based on the distribution map of Devonian rocks in the region, the Devonian limestone in Borneo is very isolated. The closest Devonian limestones are about more than 2000 km away. Probably the Devonian limestone in Telen River has been separated away from its origin by significant tectonic movement. There are several theories and models related to the formation history of this area, which makes it very complex. To understand the origin of these limestones, the geology needs to be restored to their time and place of deposition of the Devonian limestone.

Myth and Misrepresentation in Australian Foreign Policy: Menzies and Engagement with Asia

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Benvenuti ◽  
David Martin Jones
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Regional Policy ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Conventional View ◽  
Regional Policies ◽  
History Of

The prevailing orthodoxy in the academic literature devoted to the history of Australia's post-1945 international relations posits that a mixture of suspicion and condescension permeated the attitude of the governments headed by Robert Menzies (1949–1966) toward the Asia-Pacific region. Menzies's regional policies, according to this view, not only prevented Australia from engaging meaningfully with its Asian neighbors but also ended up antagonizing them. This article rejects the conventional view and instead shows that the prevailing left-Labor assessments of Menzies's regional policy are fundamentally marred by an anachronistic disregard of the diplomatic dynamics, political challenges, and economic realities of Cold War Asia.

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