scholarly journals The Deleterious Influence of Tenofovir-Based Therapies on the Progression of Atherosclerosis in HIV-Infected Patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Aragonès ◽  
Pedro Pardo-Reche ◽  
Laura Fernández-Sender ◽  
Anna Rull ◽  
Raúl Beltrán-Debón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarker ◽  
Atherosclerosis Progression ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Circulating Levels ◽  
Progression Of Atherosclerosis

We investigated the potential differential effects of antiretroviral therapies on unbalanced chemokine homeostasis and on the progression of atherosclerosis in HIV-infected patients. A two-year prospective study was performed in 67 consecutive HIV-infected patients initiating antiretroviral therapy with abacavir/lamivudine or tenofovir/emtricitabine. Circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers, progression of subclinical atherosclerosis and expression levels of selected chemokines genes in circulating leukocytes were assessed. Control subjects showed significantly lower plasma concentrations of CRP, tPA, IL-6, and MCP-1 than HIV-infected patients at a baseline. After two years of followup, the observed decreases in plasma inflammatory biomarker levels were only significant for MCP-1, tPA, and IL-6. The decrease in plasma MCP-1 concentration was associated with the progression of atherosclerosis, and this effect was negligible only in patients receiving TDF-based therapy. Multivariate analysis confirmed that treatment with TDF was positively and significantly associated with a higher likelihood of subclinical atherosclerosis progression. However, the expression levels of selected genes in blood cells only showed associations with the viral load and total and HDL-cholesterol levels. Current antiretroviral treatments may partially attenuate the influence of HIV infection on certain inflammatory pathways, though patients receiving TDF therapy must be carefully monitored with respect to the presence and/or progression of atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals The Circulating GRP78/BiP Is a Marker of Metabolic Diseases and Atherosclerosis: Bringing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress into the Clinical Scenario

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefa Girona ◽  
Cèlia Rodríguez-Borjabad ◽  
Daiana Ibarretxe ◽  
Joan-Carles Vallvé ◽  
Raimon Ferré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Glucose Deprivation ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Glucose-regulated protein 78/Binding immunoglobulin protein (GRP78/BiP) is a protein associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress and is upregulated by metabolic alterations at the tissue-level, such as hypoxia or glucose deprivation, and it is hyper-expressed in fat tissue of obese individuals. Objective: To investigate the role of the GRP78/BiP level as a metabolic and vascular disease biomarker in patients with type 2 diabetes (DM), obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods: Four hundred and five patients were recruited, of whom 52.5% were obese, 72.8% had DM, and 78.6% had MS. The intimae media thickness (cIMT) was assessed by ultrasonography. The plasma GRP78/BiP concentration was determined, and its association with metabolic and vascular parameters was assessed. Circulating GRP78/BiP was also prospectively measured in 30 DM patients before and after fenofibrate/niacin treatment and 30 healthy controls. Results: In the cross-sectional study, the GRP78/BiP level was significantly higher in the patients with obesity, DM, and MS. Age-, gender- and BMI-adjusted GRP78/BiP was directly associated with LDL-cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, apoB, and cIMT. GRP78/BiP was positively associated to carotid plaque presence in the adjusted model, irrespective of obesity, DM and MS. In the prospective study, nicotinic acid treatment produced a significant reduction in the GRP78/BiP levels that was not observed with fenofibrate. Conclusions: GRP78/BiP plasma concentrations are increased in patients with both metabolic derangements and subclinical atherosclerosis. GRP78/BiP could be a useful marker of metabolic and cardiovascular risk.

scholarly journals Effects of 12-months treatment with zoledronate or teriparatide on intima-media thickness of carotid artery in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: A pilot study

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 205873841882243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Passeri ◽  
Daniela Mazzaccaro ◽  
Veronica Sansoni ◽  
Silvia Perego ◽  
Giovanni Nano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Median Serum ◽  
Hypocholesterolemic Drugs

Atherosclerosis and osteoporosis are interrelated entities and share similar pathogenic mechanisms. Recent studies showed that key proteins of bone metabolism, such as osteoprotegerin (OPG) and osteopontin (OPN), are also involved in vascular atherosclerosis and calcifications. The carotid intima-media thickness (CA-IMT) is an early quantitative marker of generalized atherosclerosis. Aim of study was to investigate whether 12-months treatment with zoledronate (ZLN) or teriparatide (TPT) affects CA-IMT and circulating OPG and OPN levels. In this study, 11 postmenopausal osteoporotic women (aged 73, 70.5–74.5 years; median, range interquartile) treated with 5 mg/year iv ZLN; 9 postmenopausal osteoporotic women (aged 70, 62.5–73.5 years) treated with 20 µg/day sc TPT; and 10 aged-, body mass index (BMI)-, glycemic, and lipid profiles-matched, free from anti-osteoporotic and hypocholesterolemic drugs, controls were prospectively investigated at baseline and after 12 months. At baseline, median CA-IMT was similar in the three groups and increased after 12 months. CA-IMT increased significantly in TPT-treated patients (1.0, 0.8–1.2 vs 1.1, 0.9–15 mm, P = 0.04), though the change was minimal. After 12 months of treatment, CA-IMT positively correlated with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels (r = 0.767, P = 0.008) and negatively with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels (r = −0.65, P = 0.03), suggesting interplay between active bone remodeling and lipid profile. At baseline and after 12 months, median serum OPG and OPN levels did not differ among the groups and did not correlate with changes in CA-IMT. In conclusion, ZLN and TPT treatments are safe on carotid walls in osteoporotic women with subclinical atherosclerosis; circulating OPG and OPN are not affected by long-term anti-osteoporotic treatments and do not correlate with CA-IMT.

scholarly journals Lime-treated maize husks lower plasma LDL-cholesterol levels in normal and hypercholesterolaemic adult men from northern Mexico

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reyna Luz Vidal-Quintanar ◽  
Reyna Luz Mendívil ◽  
Mireya Peña ◽  
Maria Luz Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Total Cholesterol Level ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
North West ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

Lime-treated maize husks (LTCH), a by-product of tortilla manufacturing in Mexico, have been shown to decrease plasma LDL-cholesterol levels in guinea-pigs by specific alterations in hepatic cholesterol metabolism. To determine whether LTCH would also lower plasma cholesterol levels in normal and hyperlipidaemic individuals, the fibre content of a typical diet was increased by supplementing free-living subjects in North-West Mexico with cookies containing 450 g LTCH/kg. Normal subjects (n11) with plasma cholesterol levels of less than 5·7 mmol/l and hypercholesterolaemic subjects (n12) with plasma cholesterol levels higher than 5·7 mmol/l participated in the study. Plasma glucose, cholesterol, triacylglycerol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentrations, LDL: HDL values and blood pressure were determined at baseline and after 6 weeks of supplementation with LTCH. LTCH supplementation significantly lowered the plasma total cholesterol level by 11–15 % and LDL-cholesterol by 25 %, and improved the LDL: HDL value by 29–33 % (P< 0·01) in both normal and hypercholesterolaemic subjects. HDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerol and glucose concentrations did not change. Both groups consumed equal amounts of LTCH per week; individuals showed excellent compliance and good acceptance of the product. Neither group changed their dietary habits during the time of the experiment as determined by 3 d dietary records at baseline and at week 6. We conclude that LTCH supplements are suitable to increase fibre intake and reduce plasma LDL-cholesterol levels in healthy and hypercholesterolaemic subjects in this population.

Impact of Elevated Non-HDL Cholesterol Levels and Subclinical Atherosclerosis on Cognitive Impairment

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. S101-S102
Author(s):  
Cynthia M. Carlsson ◽  
David M. Nondahl ◽  
Barbara E.K. Klein ◽  
Patrick E. McBride ◽  
Mark A. Sager ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

scholarly journals AST-120, an Oral Carbon Absorbent, Protects against the Progression of Atherosclerosis in a Mouse Chronic Renal Failure Model by Preserving sFlt-1 Expression Levels

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuki Nakada ◽  
Kenji Onoue ◽  
Tomoya Nakano ◽  
Satomi Ishihara ◽  
Takuya Kumazawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sham Group ◽  
Carbon Adsorbent ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Failure Model ◽  
Thoracoabdominal Aorta ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Atherosclerosis Progression ◽  
Plaque Area ◽  
Deficient Mice ◽  
Progression Of Atherosclerosis

Abstract Soluble Flt-1 (sFlt-1), an endogenous antagonist of the proatherogenic cytokine placental growth factor, is decreased in chronic kidney disease (CKD), leading to atherosclerotic progression. In this study, we investigated the effect of AST-120, an oral carbon adsorbent which can remove uremic toxins, on sFlt-1 expression levels and atherosclerosis progression. Atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E-deficient mice underwent a 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 NR) or a sham operation (sham) at 8 weeks of age and were then treated or not with oral AST-120 for 12 weeks. sFlt-1 expression levels and the degree of atherosclerosis were assessed at 22 weeks of age in each of the four groups (sham; n = 7, 5/6 NR; n = 10, sham + AST-120: n = 8, 5/6 NR + AST-120; n = 8). The expression levels of sFlt-1 mRNA in the kidney were significantly lower in the 5/6 NR group than in the sham group, but AST-120 treatment prevented this decrease in sFlt-1 levels. Similarly, the atherosclerotic plaque area of the thoracoabdominal aorta was significantly larger in the 5/6 NR group than in the sham group, and AST-120 treatment prevented this increase in atherosclerosis. AST-120 could, therefore, be used as a therapeutic to treat atherosclerosis in patients with CKD.

scholarly journals Update on the Benefits and Mechanisms of Action of the Bioactive Vegetal Alkaloid Berberine on Lipid Metabolism and Homeostasis

Cholesterol ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanwen Wang ◽  
Jeffrey A. Zidichouski
Keyword(s):  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Alternative Intervention ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Cerebrovascular Events ◽  
Circulating Levels

Elevation of circulating levels of blood cholesterol, especially LDL cholesterol, and/or the decrease of HDL cholesterol levels have long been recognized as primary risk factors for developing atherosclerosis that leads to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Hypertriglyceridemia is an independent risk factor that is known to contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. Thus, various interventional efforts aimed at reducing hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia have been practiced clinically for decades to reduce morbidity and mortality risk associated with deleterious cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. As such, many drugs have been developed and clinically used to treat hypocholesteremia and/or hypertriglyceridemia; however, dietary approaches including supplements along with changes in nutrition and lifestyle have become increasingly attractive and acceptable methods used to control borderline or moderately increased levels of blood cholesterol and triacylglycerols. In this regard, the use of a plant/herbal bioactive compound, berberine (BBR), has recently been studied extensively in terms of its efficacy as well as its mechanisms of action and safety as an alternative intervention that beneficially modulates blood lipids. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive update on BBR research, new concepts and directions in terms of product development and current challenges, and future prospects of using BBR to manage diseases and complications associated with dyslipidemia.

The Effects of L-Carnitine Supplementation on Serum Lipids: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (30) ◽  
pp. 3266-3281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadis Fathizadeh ◽  
Alireza Milajerdi ◽  
Željko Reiner ◽  
Fariba Kolahdooz ◽  
Maryam Chamani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Carnitine Supplementation ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Vldl Cholesterol ◽  
Subgroup Analyses

Background: The findings of trials investigating the effects of L-carnitine administration on serum lipids are inconsistent. This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed to summarize the effects of L-carnitine intake on serum lipids in patients and healthy individuals. Methods: Two authors independently searched electronic databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar from 1990 until August 1, 2019, in order to find relevant RCTs. The quality of selected RCTs was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. Cochrane’s Q test and I-square (I2) statistic were used to determine the heterogeneity across included trials. Weight mean difference (SMD) and 95% CI between the two intervention groups were used to determine pooled effect sizes. Subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate the source of heterogeneity based on suspected variables such as, participant’s health conditions, age, dosage of L-carnitine, duration of study, sample size, and study location between primary RCTs. Results: Out of 3460 potential papers selected based on keywords search, 67 studies met the inclusion criteria and were eligible for the meta-analysis. The pooled results indicated that L-carnitine administration led to a significant decrease in triglycerides (WMD: -10.35; 95% CI: -16.43, -4.27), total cholesterol (WMD: -9.47; 95% CI: - 13.23, -5.70) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations (WMD: -6.25; 95% CI: -9.30, -3.21), and a significant increase in HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (WMD: 1.39; 95% CI: 0.21, 2.57). L-carnitine supplementation did not influence VLDL-cholesterol concentrations. When we stratified studies for the predefined factors such as dosage, and age, no significant effects of the intervention on triglycerides, LDL-C, and HDL-C levels were found. Conclusion: This meta-analysis demonstrated that L-carnitine administration significantly reduced triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels, and significantly increased HDL-cholesterol levels in the pooled analyses, but did not affect VLDL-cholesterol levels; however, these findings were not confirmed in our subgroup analyses by participant’s health conditions, age, dosage of L-carnitine, duration of study, sample size, and study location.

Ser447stopMutation in Lipoprotein Lipase Is Associated With Elevated HDL Cholesterol Levels in Normolipidemic Males

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Albert Kuivenhoven ◽  
Björn E. Groenemeyer ◽  
Jolanda M. A. Boer ◽  
Paul W. A. Reymer ◽  
Riteke Berghuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

Passive Cigarette Smoking and Reduced HDL Cholesterol Levels in Children With High-Risk Lipid Profiles

Circulation ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 1403-1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellis J. Neufeld ◽  
Michele Mietus-Snyder ◽  
Alexa S. Beiser ◽  
Annette L. Baker ◽  
Jane W. Newburger
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Cholesterol Levels
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