scholarly journals Advances in Climate Processes, Feedbacks, Variability and Change for the West African Climate System

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Gregory S. Jenkins ◽  
Alessandra Giannini ◽  
Amadou Gaye ◽  
Andrea Sealy
2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Ruti ◽  
J. E. Williams ◽  
F. Hourdin ◽  
F. Guichard ◽  
A. Boone ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brahima Koné ◽  
Arona Diedhiou ◽  
N'datchoh Evelyne Touré ◽  
Mouhamadou Bamba Sylla ◽  
Filippo Giorgi ◽  
...  

Abstract. The latest version of RegCM4 with CLM4.5 as land surface scheme was used to assess the performance and the sensitivity of the simulated West African climate system to different convection schemes. The sensitivity studies were performed over the West Africa domain from November 2002 to December 2004, at spatial resolution of 50 km × 50 km and involved five (5) convective schemes: (i) Emanuel; (ii) Grell; (iii) Emanuel over land and Grell over ocean (Mix1); (iv) Grell over land and Emanuel over ocean (Mix2); and (v) Tiedtke. All simulations were forced with ERA-Interim data. Validation of surface temperature at 2 m and precipitation were conducted using respectively data from the Climate Research Unit (CRU) and Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) during June to September (rainy season). Quantitative assessment of the sensitivity tests were carried out using the mean bias, the pattern correlation coefficient, the root mean square difference, the probability density function of the temperature bias and the Taylor diagram. Results revealed a better performance of the configuration with Emanuel convection scheme to simulate the spatial and temporal variability of the temperature and the precipitation. Therefore, the configuration of RegCM4 with CLM4.5 as land surface model and implementing Emanuel convective scheme is recommended for the study of the West African climate system.


Author(s):  
Gregory S. Jenkins ◽  
Andre Kamga ◽  
Adamou Garba ◽  
Arona Diedhiou ◽  
Vernon Morris ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1261-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brahima Koné ◽  
Arona Diedhiou ◽  
N'datchoh Evelyne Touré ◽  
Mouhamadou Bamba Sylla ◽  
Filippo Giorgi ◽  
...  

Abstract. The latest version of RegCM4 with CLM4.5 as a land surface scheme was used to assess the performance and sensitivity of the simulated West African climate system to different convection schemes. The sensitivity studies were performed over the West African domain from November 2002 to December 2004 at a spatial resolution of 50 km × 50 km and involved five convective schemes: (i) Emanuel; (ii) Grell; (iii) Emanuel over land and Grell over ocean (Mix1); (iv) Grell over land and Emanuel over ocean (Mix2); and (v) Tiedtke. All simulations were forced with ERA-Interim data. Validation of surface temperature at 2 m and precipitation were conducted using data from the Climate Research Unit (CRU), Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) and the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) during June to September (rainy season), while the simulated atmospheric dynamic was compared to ERA-Interim data. It is worth noting that the few previous similar sensitivity studies conducted in the region were performed using BATS as a land surface scheme and involved less convective schemes. Compared with the previous version of RegCM, RegCM4-CLM also shows a general cold bias over West Africa whatever the convective scheme used. This cold bias is more reduced when using the Emanuel convective scheme. In terms of precipitation, the dominant feature in model simulations is a dry bias that is better reduced when using the Emanuel convective scheme. Considering the good performance with respect to a quantitative evaluation of the temperature and precipitation simulations over the entire West African domain and its subregions, the Emanuel convective scheme is recommended for the study of the West African climate system.


2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 3479-3498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Lavaysse ◽  
Cyrille Flamant ◽  
Amato Evan ◽  
Serge Janicot ◽  
Marco Gaetani

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 86-109
Author(s):  
Kehinde Ibrahim

The judgments of the ECOWAS Court, which are final and immediately binding, are vital for the realisation of ECOWAS aims and objectives. The enforcement of its judgments is particularly important in the case of individuals whose enjoyment of fundamental human rights, as guaranteed under the ECOWAS Community laws, is dependent on effective enforcement. Yet, an existential puzzling paradox emanates through a poor record in the implementation of the ECOWAS Court's judgments. This problem, which is not limited to the West African region deserves scrutiny and concrete proposals. Legal and political considerations surface in assessing the existence of this paradox, and despite the lack of a consistent political will, to implement the decisions of ECOWAS Court relevant judicial actors have roles to play. National courts could take a bolder approach in complementing the work of the ECOWAS Court. The ECOWAS Court itself could put in place concrete mechanisms and adopt certain practices to address this poor record of non-implementation. It is yet to be seen how substantive mechanisms would work in practice.


Author(s):  
Daniel Bailey ◽  
Jane Shallcross ◽  
Christopher H. Logue ◽  
Simon A. Weller ◽  
Liz Evans ◽  
...  

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