scholarly journals Communication in Fungi

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien Cottier ◽  
Fritz A. Mühlschlegel
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Fungal Virulence ◽  
Interkingdom Signaling ◽  
Microbial Communication

We will discuss fungal communication in the context of fundamental biological functions including mating, growth, morphogenesis, and the regulation of fungal virulence determinants. We will address intraspecies but also interkingdom signaling by systematically discussing the sender of the message, the molecular message, and receiver. Analyzing communication shows the close coevolution of fungi with organisms present in their environment giving insights into multispecies communication. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying microbial communication will promote our understanding of the “fungal communicome.”

scholarly journals Regulatory Role of microRNAs Targeting the Transcription Co-Factor ZNF521 in Normal Tissues and Cancers

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8461
Author(s):  
Emanuela Chiarella ◽  
Annamaria Aloisio ◽  
Stefania Scicchitano ◽  
Heather Mandy Bond ◽  
Maria Mesuraca
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Transitional Cell ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Novel Mirna ◽  
Mirna Expression Profiling ◽  
Mirna Deregulation

Powerful bioinformatics tools have provided a wealth of novel miRNA–transcription factor networks crucial in controlling gene regulation. In this review, we focus on the biological functions of miRNAs targeting ZNF521, explaining the molecular mechanisms by which the dysregulation of this axis contributes to malignancy. ZNF521 is a stem cell-associated co-transcription factor implicated in the regulation of hematopoietic, neural, and mesenchymal stem cells. The aberrant expression of ZNF521 transcripts, frequently associated with miRNA deregulation, has been detected in several tumors including pancreatic, hepatocellular, gastric, bladder transitional cell carcinomas as well as in breast and ovarian cancers. miRNA expression profiling tools are currently identifying a multitude of miRNAs, involved together with oncogenes and TFs in the regulation of oncogenesis, including ZNF521, which may be candidates for diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of cancer.

scholarly journals The role of m6A modification in the biological functions and diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiulin Jiang ◽  
Baiyang Liu ◽  
Zhi Nie ◽  
Lincan Duan ◽  
Qiuxia Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Rna Modification ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Rna Methylation ◽  
Downstream Target ◽  
Different Types ◽  
M6a Rna Methylation

AbstractN6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent, abundant and conserved internal cotranscriptional modification in eukaryotic RNAs, especially within higher eukaryotic cells. m6A modification is modified by the m6A methyltransferases, or writers, such as METTL3/14/16, RBM15/15B, ZC3H3, VIRMA, CBLL1, WTAP, and KIAA1429, and, removed by the demethylases, or erasers, including FTO and ALKBH5. It is recognized by m6A-binding proteins YTHDF1/2/3, YTHDC1/2 IGF2BP1/2/3 and HNRNPA2B1, also known as “readers”. Recent studies have shown that m6A RNA modification plays essential role in both physiological and pathological conditions, especially in the initiation and progression of different types of human cancers. In this review, we discuss how m6A RNA methylation influences both the physiological and pathological progressions of hematopoietic, central nervous and reproductive systems. We will mainly focus on recent progress in identifying the biological functions and the underlying molecular mechanisms of m6A RNA methylation, its regulators and downstream target genes, during cancer progression in above systems. We propose that m6A RNA methylation process offer potential targets for cancer therapy in the future.

GAMYB TF modulates bHLH142 and is homeostatically regulated by TDR TF during rice anther tapetal and pollen development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swee-Suak Ko ◽  
Min-Jeng Li ◽  
Yi-Cheng Ho ◽  
Chun-Ping Yu ◽  
Ting-Ting Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
E Box ◽  
And Function ◽  
Different Tissues

Abstract GAMYB, UDT1, TIP2/bHLH142, TDR, and EAT1/DTD are important transcription factors (TFs) that play a crucial role during rice pollen development. This study demonstrates that bHLH142 acts downstream of UDT1 and GAMYB and works as a “hub” in these two pollen pathways. We show that GAMYB modulates bHLH142 expression through specific binding to the MYB motif of bHLH142 promoter during early stage of pollen development; while TDR acts as a transcriptional repressor of the GAMYB modulation of bHLH142 by binding to the E-box close to the MYB motif on the promoter. The altered expression of TFs highlights the importance that a tight, precise, and coordinated regulation among these TFs is essential for normal pollen development. Most notably, this study illustrates the regulatory pathways of GAMYB and UDT1 that rely on bHLH142 in a direct and an indirect manner, respectively, and function in different tissues with distinct biological functions during pollen development. This study advances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of rice pollen development.

DLX6-AS1: a putative lncRNA candidate in multiple human cancers

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Sheykhhasan ◽  
Yaghoub Ahmadyousefi ◽  
Reihaneh Seyedebrahimi ◽  
Hamid Tanzadehpanah ◽  
Hamed Manoochehri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Human Cancers ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Research Studies

Abstract Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have important roles in regulating the expression of genes and act as biomarkers in the initial development of different cancers. Increasing research studies have verified that dysregulation of lncRNAs occurs in various pathological processes including tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Among the different lncRNAs, DLX6-AS1 has been reported to act as an oncogene in the development and prognoses of different cancers, by affecting many different signalling pathways. This review summarises and analyses the recent research studies describing the biological functions of DLX6-AS1, its overall effect on signalling pathways and the molecular mechanisms underlying its action on the expression of genes in multiple human cancers. Our critical analysis suggests that different signalling pathways associated to this lncRNA may be used as a biomarker for diagnosis, or targets of treatment in cancers.

scholarly journals Proopiomelanocortin, a polypeptide precursor with multiple functions: from physiology to pathological conditions

2003 ◽  
Vol 149 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
ML Raffin-Sanson ◽  
Y de Keyzer ◽  
X Bertagna
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Local Production ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Multiple Functions ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Brain

Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) is the polypeptide precursor of ACTH. First discovered in anterior pituitary corticotroph cells, it has more recently been revealed to have many other physiological aspects. The fine molecular mechanisms of ACTH biosynthesis show that ACTH is but one piece of a puzzle which contains many other peptides. Present in various tIssues, among which are pituitary, hypothalamus, central nervous system and skin, POMC undergoes extensive post-translational processing. This processing is tIssue-specific and generates, depending on the case, various sets of peptides involved in completely diverse biological functions. POMC expressed in corticotroph cells of the pituitary is necessary for adrenal function. Recent developments have shown that POMC-expressing neurons in the brain play a major role in the control of pain and energy homeostasis. Local production of POMC-derived peptides in skin may influence melanogenesis. A still unknown function in the placenta is likely.POMC has become a paradigmatic polypeptide precursor model illustrating the variable roles of a single gene and its various products in different localities.

scholarly journals Role of Main RNA Methylation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: N6-Methyladenosine, 5-Methylcytosine, and N1-Methyladenosine

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yating Xu ◽  
Menggang Zhang ◽  
Qiyao Zhang ◽  
Xiao Yu ◽  
Zongzong Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Cellular Differentiation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Rna Detection ◽  
Rna Methylation

RNA methylation is considered a significant epigenetic modification, a process that does not alter gene sequence but may play a necessary role in multiple biological processes, such as gene expression, genome editing, and cellular differentiation. With advances in RNA detection, various forms of RNA methylation can be found, including N6-methyladenosine (m6A), N1-methyladenosine (m1A), and 5-methylcytosine (m5C). Emerging reports confirm that dysregulation of RNA methylation gives rise to a variety of human diseases, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma. We will summarize essential regulators of RNA methylation and biological functions of these modifications in coding and noncoding RNAs. In conclusion, we highlight complex molecular mechanisms of m6A, m5C, and m1A associated with hepatocellular carcinoma and hope this review might provide therapeutic potent of RNA methylation to clinical research.

scholarly journals Identification and characterization of the bZIP transcription factor family in yellowhorn

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaoying Chang ◽  
Xin Lu ◽  
Zhi Liu ◽  
Zhimin Zheng ◽  
Song Yu
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Leucine Zipper ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Bzip Transcription Factor ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Transcription Factor Family ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Basic Leucine Zipper ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Bzip Transcription Factor Family

AbstractThe basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor family is one of the largest and most diverse families in plants, regulating plant growth and development and playing an essential role in response to abiotic and biotic stresses. However, little is known about the biological functions of bZIP proteins in yellowhorn (Xanthoceras sorbifolium). Recently, 64 XsbZIP genes were identified in the yellowhorn genome and found to be disproportionately distributed in linkage groups. The XsbZIP proteins clustered into 11 groups based on their phylogenetic relationships with AtbZIP, ZmbZIP and GmbZIP proteins. Five intron patterns in the basic and hinge regions and additional conserved motifs were defined, both supporting the group classification and possibly contributing to their functional diversity. Compared to tandem duplication, the segment duplication greatly contributed to the expansion of yellowhorn bZIP genes. In addition, most XsbZIP genes harbor several stress responsive cis-elements in their promoter regions. Moreover, the RNA-seq and qRT-PCR data indicated XsbZIP genes were extensively involved in response to various stresses, including salt (NaCl), cold and abscisic acid, with possibly different molecular mechanisms. These results provide a new understanding of the biological functions of bZIP transcription factors in yellowhorn.

scholarly journals LncTarD: a manually-curated database of experimentally-supported functional lncRNA–target regulations in human diseases

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongying Zhao ◽  
Jian Shi ◽  
Yunpeng Zhang ◽  
Aimin Xie ◽  
Lei Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Functional Dynamics ◽  
Disease Associations ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Pan Cancer

Abstract Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are associated with human diseases. Although lncRNA–disease associations have received significant attention, no online repository is available to collect lncRNA-mediated regulatory mechanisms, key downstream targets, and important biological functions driven by disease-related lncRNAs in human diseases. We thus developed LncTarD (http://biocc.hrbmu.edu.cn/LncTarD/ or http://bio-bigdata.hrbmu.edu.cn/LncTarD), a manually-curated database that provides a comprehensive resource of key lncRNA–target regulations, lncRNA-influenced functions, and lncRNA-mediated regulatory mechanisms in human diseases. LncTarD offers (i) 2822 key lncRNA–target regulations involving 475 lncRNAs and 1039 targets associated with 177 human diseases; (ii) 1613 experimentally-supported functional regulations and 1209 expression associations in human diseases; (iii) important biological functions driven by disease-related lncRNAs in human diseases; (iv) lncRNA–target regulations responsible for drug resistance or sensitivity in human diseases and (v) lncRNA microarray, lncRNA sequence data and transcriptome data of an 11 373 pan-cancer patient cohort from TCGA to help characterize the functional dynamics of these lncRNA–target regulations. LncTarD also provides a user-friendly interface to conveniently browse, search, and download data. LncTarD will be a useful resource platform for the further understanding of functions and molecular mechanisms of lncRNA deregulation in human disease, which will help to identify novel and sensitive biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Iron in Human Health and Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 453-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane M. Ward ◽  
Suzanne M. Cloonan
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Mitochondrial Homeostasis ◽  
Innate Immune Signaling ◽  
Mitochondrial Iron ◽  
Health And Disease

Mitochondria are an iconic distinguishing feature of eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria encompass an active organellar network that fuses, divides, and directs a myriad of vital biological functions, including energy metabolism, cell death regulation, and innate immune signaling in different tissues. Another crucial and often underappreciated function of these dynamic organelles is their central role in the metabolism of the most abundant and biologically versatile transition metals in mammalian cells, iron. In recent years, cellular and animal models of mitochondrial iron dysfunction have provided vital information in identifying new proteins that have elucidated the pathways involved in mitochondrial homeostasis and iron metabolism. Specific signatures of mitochondrial iron dysregulation that are associated with disease pathogenesis and/or progression are becoming increasingly important. Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating mitochondrial iron pathways will help better define the role of this important metal in mitochondrial function and in human health and disease.

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