scholarly journals Studies of Olfactory System Neural Plasticity: The Contribution of the Unilateral Naris Occlusion Technique

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Coppola
Keyword(s):  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Olfactory Pathway ◽  
Compensatory Responses ◽  
Occlusion Technique ◽  
Olfactory Plasticity ◽  
The Many

Unilateral naris occlusion has long been the method of choice for effecting stimulus deprivation in studies of olfactory plasticity. A significant body of literature speaks to the myriad consequences of this manipulation on the ipsilateral olfactory pathway. Early experiments emphasized naris occlusion’s deleterious and age-critical effects. More recent studies have focused on life-long vulnerability, particularly on neurogenesis, and compensatory responses to deprivation. Despite the abundance of empirical data, a theoretical framework in which to understand the many sequelae of naris occlusion on olfaction has been elusive. This paper focuses on recent data, new theories, and underappreciated caveats related to the use of this technique in studies of olfactory plasticity.

Adaptive and Maladaptive Neural Plasticity Due to Facial Nerve Palsy

2016 ◽  
Vol 224 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten M. Klingner ◽  
Stefan Brodoehl ◽  
Gerd F. Volk ◽  
Orlando Guntinas-Lichius ◽  
Otto W. Witte
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Cortical Plasticity ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Predictive Coding ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Cortical Reorganization ◽  
Nerve Lesion ◽  
Peripheral Facial Palsy

Abstract. This paper reviews adaptive and maladaptive mechanisms of cortical plasticity in patients suffering from peripheral facial palsy. As the peripheral facial nerve is a pure motor nerve, a facial nerve lesion is causing an exclusive deefferentation without deafferentation. We focus on the question of how the investigation of pure deefferentation adds to our current understanding of brain plasticity which derives from studies on learning and studies on brain lesions. The importance of efference and afference as drivers for cortical plasticity is discussed in addition to the crossmodal influence of different competitive sensory inputs. We make the attempt to integrate the experimental findings of the effects of pure deefferentation within the theoretical framework of cortical responses and predictive coding. We show that the available experimental data can be explained within this theoretical framework which also clarifies the necessity for maladaptive plasticity. Finally, we propose rehabilitation approaches for directing cortical reorganization in the appropriate direction and highlight some challenging questions that are yet unexplored in the field.

scholarly journals Cascading, Colliding, and Mediating: How Teacher Preparation and K-12 Education Contexts Influence Mentor Teachers’ Work

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Roegman ◽  
Joni Kolman
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Preparation ◽  
Teacher Candidates ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Mentor Teachers ◽  
Teacher Preparation Programs ◽  
Preparation Programs ◽  
Multiple Contexts ◽  
The Many ◽  
K 12

In this conceptual article, we present a theoretical framework designed to illustrate the many contexts and factors that interact and shape the work of mentor teachers. Drawing on the literature on K-12 teaching and on teacher preparation, we argue for greater acknowledgment of the complex work of mentor teachers as they navigate multiple contexts. We conclude by considering how this framework helps us to better understand the work of mentor teachers and by offering suggestions for teacher preparation programs and K-12 schools to better support mentor teachers and best prepare teacher candidates.

scholarly journals MOOCs and the claim of education for all: A disillusion by empirical data

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Rohs ◽  
Mario Ganz
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Open Educational Resources ◽  
Education For All ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Education Data

MOOCs have shaped the discussion on learning with digital media for the last few years. One claim of MOOCs in the tradition of Open Educational Resources is to expand access to education, mainly in the field of higher education. But do MOOCs meet this claim? The empirical data in this article confirm the suspicion that, despite all the heterogeneity of the participants, MOOCs are mostly used by people with a higher level of education. Data of participants from two MOOCs from Germany, as well as, empirical data from large providers and universities are used. But due to the different forms of MOOCs there is no comprehensive proof possible. With respect to the Knowledge Gap Theory and the Digital Divide, a theoretical framework is provided to explain possible causes of a different usage. The aim of the article is to point out the risks of an increase of inequalities as a consequence of hyping MOOCs and to stimulate a discussion about possible answers to make MOOCs an instrument of education for all.

scholarly journals Stance Taking in Social Media: the Analysis of the Comments About Us Presidential Candidates on Facebook and Twitter

Verbum ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Roma Kriaučiūnienė ◽  
Jefferey La Roux ◽  
Miglė Lauciūtė
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
The United States ◽  
Online Environment ◽  
Presidential Candidates ◽  
Du Bois ◽  
Empirical Data Analysis ◽  
The Many

[full article and abstract in English] The subject of the paper is the analysis of the expression of stance taking in an online environment, mainly in the comments of users of social networks such as Facebook and Twitter about the presidential candidates of the American Presidential Election in 2016. The empirical data analysis was carried out following the ideas of J. W. Du Bois (2007), D. Barton & C. Lee (2013) and R. Englebretson (2007) on stance taking and J. W. Du Bois’ (2007) model of stance triangle, i.e. grouping instances of stance-taking into one of these groups: evaluation, affect or epistemicity, which served as the main framework of this study. The work of linguists D. Barton & C. Lee (2013) on the expression of stance-taking in an online environment were also taken into consideration. Having in mind the fact that stance identification is a challenging task , i.e. it could be implicitly as well as explicitly expressed and that it should be inferred from different modes of its expression and interpreted with reference to many contextual and intertextual factors, in the current analysis the authors focused on interpretation of linguistic as well as other multimodal means of the expression of stance that were used by users of social networks in their writing spaces on the topic of the Presidential Election in the United States in 2016. It should also be mentioned that the analysis presented in this article offers only one of the many possible interpretations of the data. Moreover, the current paper concentrates mainly on the presentation of the empirical data of the expression of affective stance. However, it should be indicated that in some cases stance types overlap, i.e. one instance could be treated as both taking an affective and an evaluative stance, as judgements and evaluation (i.e. evaluative stance) are often based on feelings (i.e. affective stance). The main source of the empirical data were the instances of stance taking taken from comments found on Donald Trump’s and Hillary Clinton’s verified Facebook and Twitter pages during their presidential campaigns in 2016. All in all, 147 examples of posts and comments from the social networks Facebook and Twitter were collected: 72 comments incorporating stance taking on Donald Trump‘s posts, and 75 comments including stance taking on Hillary Clinton‘s posts. The results of the empirical data analysis showed that the affective stance was expressed by linguistic as well as multimodal means.

scholarly journals Evaluating Data-Driven Learning Effects in the Italian L2 Classroom

EL LE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Forti
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Educational Effectiveness ◽  
Learning Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
First Case ◽  
Student Questionnaire ◽  
The Many ◽  
Competence Test ◽  
Evaluation Of Data

In this article we outline the results of an evaluation of Data-driven learning (DDL) effects in relation to the development of Italian L2 phraseological competence. We do this on the basis on empirical data, by combining an external and objective perspective based on data elicited through a competence test, and an internal and subjective perspective based on data elicited through a student questionnaire. In the first case we refer to etic data, while in the second case we refer to emic data. Overall, the results indicate mild positive effects in terms of etic data, but stronger positive effects in terms of emic data. The article concludes by stressing the importance of combining two perspectives such as the ones adopted in this study, in order to be able to observe some of the many different aspects of educational effectiveness within a single, integrated framework.

scholarly journals The ‘WHAT OF’ and the ‘WHAT IF’ of Agential Realism – In Search of the Gendered Subject

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lis Højgaard ◽  
Malou Juelskjær ◽  
Dorte Marie Søndergaard
Keyword(s):  
Computer Games ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Agential Realism ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Analytical Approaches

The article explores Karen Barad’s theoretical framework, agential realism, to seek out theoretical perspectives that can be used as analytical approaches to empirical data. By selecting two pieces of data we aim to illustrate the analytical possibilities offered by this approach. The first piece of data stipulates an opening of ‘WHAT OF’ of the activities in a world of computer games: WHAT OF the myriad of real and virtual voices, sentiments and actions and their interconnections and meaning for gendered subjectification? The second piece is guided by ‘WHAT IF’ thinking: WHAT would we be able to see IF we brought insights from quantum physics, i.e. spacetimemattering, to the conception of thinking subjects. The examples show that agential realism offers a theoretical framework that allows access to a much wider set of enacting forces to be considered in the analysis. By reading agential realism diffractively with two different empirical examples and two different research ambitions, our attention is drawn to specificities of what the engagements may enact consequently.

scholarly journals Novel Televisual Environments

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Ilkin Mehrabov
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Information Society ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Stereoscopic Vision ◽  
User Experiences ◽  
History Of ◽  
Media Environments ◽  
Immersive Media

This article focuses on one of the most ground-breaking technological attempts in creating novel immersive media environments for heightened televisual user experiences: 3DTV, a Network of Excellence funded by the European Commission 6th Framework Information Society Technologies Programme. Based on the theoretical framework outlined by the works of Jonathan Crary and Brian Winston, and on empirical data obtained from author’s fieldwork and laboratory visit notes, as well as discussions with practitioners, the article explores the history of stereoscopic vision and technological progress related with it, and looks for possible reasons of 3DTV’s dramatic commercial failure.

scholarly journals AS MUITAS FACES DE MACHADO: A CONSTRUÇÃO DO ETHOS RETÓRICO EM CONTOS MACHADIANOS THE MANY FACES OF MACHADO: THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE RHETORICAL ETHOS IN MACHADO’S TALES

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia Carla Melegati Rodrigues Alves ◽  
Maria Flávia Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Machado De Assis ◽  
Rhetorical Figures ◽  
Argumentative Strategies ◽  
The Many

RESUMO: Neste trabalho, teremos, como arcabouço teórico, estudos advindos do âmbito da linguística, mais especificamente das áreas da Retórica e da Argumentação. A partir dessas áreas, contaremos com os conceitos de éthos, de figuras de presença e repetição, e com os de figuras de retórica, como a metáfora e a prosopopeia. A análise, que tem como corpus o conto “A cartomante”, do escritor Machado de Assis, objetiva averiguar a constituição do éthos do contista no corpus selecionado. Ademais, busca observar também as estratégias argumentativas utilizadas pelo orador, com vistas à adesão do auditório/leitor. Para tanto, efetuamos uma análise qualitativa do conto, a fim de apreender os ethé evidenciados.  Com essa análise, esperamos contribuir com a ampliação do estudo em torno da constituição do éthos retórico no conto “A cartomante”.   PALAVRAS-CHAVE: retórica; éthos; conto; Machado de Assis.   ABSTRACT: In this work, we have, as a theoretical framework, studies from the scope of linguistics, specifically in the areas of Rhetoric and Argumentation. From these areas, we will have the concepts of ethos, of presence and repetition figures, and of the rhetorical figures such as metaphor and personification. The analysis, whose corpus is the tale “The fortune teller”, from the writer Machado de Assis, aims to investigate the constitution of the ethos of the storyteller in the selected corpus. In addition, it also seeks to observe the argumentative strategies used by the speaker, in order to get the auditorium’s/reader’s adhesion. Therefore, we made a qualitative analysis of the tale, to grasp the evidenced ethe. With this analysis, we hope to contribute to the expansion of the study about the constitution of rhetorical ethos in the tale “The fortune teller”.   KEYWORDS: rhetoric; ethos; tale; Machado de Assis.

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