scholarly journals Align Ag Nanorods via Oxidation Reduction Growth Using RF-Sputtering

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhan-Shuo Hu ◽  
Fei-Yi Hung ◽  
Shoou-Jinn Chang ◽  
Wei-Kang Hsieh ◽  
Kuan-Jen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Silver Oxide ◽  
Rf Sputtering ◽  
Thermal Reduction ◽  
Metallic Silver ◽  
Nanorod Arrays ◽  
Silver Particles ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Lattice Match ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
The Individual

Silver nanorod arrays grew on the individual metallic silver particles after the thermal decomposition of the silver oxides. The formation of silver oxide came from the input of oxygen during sputtering. The subsequent growth of the Ag nanorods started from the single silver grain that originated from the decomposition caused by thermal reduction. This method for oxidation reduction growth used no catalysts and improved the interface effect for the lattice match. Photoluminescence of Ag nanorods was detected at 2.17 eV.

Destruction of microplastics in the natural environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Kovalevski ◽  
Mikhail Zobkov
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Specific Density ◽  
Local Oxidation ◽  
Energy Dispersive Microanalysis ◽  
Local Destruction ◽  
The Individual

<p>Morphological structure and chemical composition of environmental microplastics (MPs) extracted from water and bottom sediments of Lake Onego were studied. Raman spectroscopy was used to identify MPs polymer types and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive microanalysis was used to study the morphology and trace elements composition of inclusions on their surface. The features of the destruction of MPs, as well as the presence of various chemical elements on their surface including heavy metals, were investigated. Four main mechanisms of MPs microdestruction have been identified: (1) Local destruction of monophasic MPs caused by local oxidation and cleavage of thin flakes and fragments with the formation of nanoscale plastics. (2) The destruction of multiphase microplastics predominantly determined by the selective destruction of one of the phases of the composite, for example, the ligament scission between the individual components of the plastic with their separation. (3) Microbiological destruction of MPs under the influence of diatoms by fixing spores of diatoms on defects of MPs with their subsequent growth, deflection, and separation of nanoscale polymer particles. (4) Mineralogical destruction of MPs associated with the sorption of chemical elements and crystallization of nanocrystals, which under appropriate conditions begin to grow and break-up the MPs accelerating the process of its destruction. The last mechanism have not yet been reported. These mechanisms initiate nanoplastics formation, which increases particles mobility in the aquatic environment and their threat to water organisms. At the same time, the fouling with diatoms (with a silica shell) and the sorption of heavy elements increase the bulk specific density of MPs and contribute to its accumulation in bottom sediments.</p><p>The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant number 19-17-00035.</p>

scholarly journals The catalytic combination of hydrogen and oxygen at the surface of platinum

1936 ◽  
Vol 156 (888) ◽  
pp. 284-306 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Silver Oxide ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Metallic Surface ◽  
Metallic Silver ◽  
Mercury Vapour ◽  
Platinum Surface ◽  
Gaseous Oxygen ◽  
Low Pressures

Research on the catalysis by metals of the combination of hydrogen and oxygen at low pressures was commenced in these laboratories by Cooper in 1923. Investigating the catalytic properties of a short platinum filament subjected to various pre-treatments by heating it electrically in hydrogen or oxygen or in vacuo , he found that the metallic surface thus cleaned became so active at room temperature as to render the quantitative measurement of the catalysed reaction impossible. It was discovered also that mercury vapour is a very potent poison of the surface, the enormously active clean platinum surface being rendered completely inactive by exposure to mercury vapour for a few minutes: a fact noted but apparently insufficiently emphasized in a paper published by Chapman and Hall in 1929. Owing to the difficulties involved in wording with a catalyst of such high activity, the research was discontinued in favour of an investigation of the same reaction using silver instead of platinum, a clean surface of this metal having been found to catalyse the reaction at a convenient rate at room temperature. The following facts were established:— (1) At the temperature of the laboratory a surface of metallic silver adsorbs completely a quantity of gaseous oxygen sufficient to form a complete unimolecular layer of silver oxide. This adsorbed oxygen cannot, of course, be removed by evacuation.

The Establishment of the English Province of the Society of Jesus

1984 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. McCoog
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Spiritual Practices ◽  
Society Of Jesus ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Ignatian Spirituality ◽  
The World ◽  
Jesuit Mission ◽  
The Individual

And touching our Society be it known to you that we have made a league–all the Jesuits of the world, whose succession and multitude must overreach all the practices of England–cheerfully to carry the cross you shall lay upon us and never to despair of your recovery, while we have a man left to enjoy your Tyburn, or to be racked with your torments or consumed with your prisons. The expense is reckoned, the enterprise is begun, it is of God, it cannot be withstood. So the faith was planted, so it must be restored.The Jesuit mission to England so proudly announced by Edmund Campion in 1580 was a venture hesitantly undertaken by the Society of Jesus. There was careful, prayerful discernment not only before Father General Everard Mercurian decided in its favour but also throughout its subsequent growth and development. According to the Formula of the Institute, in a sense the Jesuit rule, the purpose and goal of the Society was twofold: the salvation and sanctification of both the individual Jesuits and of their fellow men and women. The entire thrust of Ignatian spirituality was the consideration of the first in so far as it advanced the second. Ignatius urged that all the ordinary practices and customs of religious life be considered in the context of the apostolate and either executed or modified in so far as they advanced the order’s goals. Because of the stress that Ignatius had placed on the Society’s works, he was reluctant to prescribe any universally binding spiritual practices. Indeed, among the wide powers granted to the General in the order’s Constitutions was that to grant dispensations ‘in particular cases which require such dispensation, while he takes account of the persons, places, times, and other circumstances.’

Silver Core - Silver Oxide Shell Nanoparticles Embedded on Mesostructured Silica Films

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 103-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guadalupe Valverde-Aguilar ◽  
Jorge A. García-Macedo ◽  
Víctor Rentería-Tapia
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Silver Oxide ◽  
High Refractive Index ◽  
Oxide Shell ◽  
Metallic Silver ◽  
Type I ◽  
Silver Core

Metallic silver particles in the nanometer size range were obtained in SiO2 matrix by the reduction of AgNO3 with the non-ionic diblock copolymer (Brij 58). Hexagonal mesostructured sol-gel films were synthesized by dip-coating method using the surfactant Brij58 to produce channels into the film, which house the silver nanoparticles. Optical properties of the metallic nanoparticles were studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy, TEM and HRTEM images. The experimental absorption spectrum of the metallic silver nanoparticles exhibits an absorption band located at 438 nm and a shoulder at longer wavelength. The TEM images show randomly distributed silver nanoparticles (Type I) along with some oriented as long line (Type II). Both distributions exhibit a silver oxide shell around of them. The second shell covering the silver core - silver oxide shell system is related to the surfactant. The optical absorption spectrum was modelled using the Gans theory. The fit shows two main contributions related to metallic silver nanoparticles with different axial ratios, and surrounding of a dielectric medium with high refractive index. Presence of the high refractive index silver oxide shell was confirmed by X-ray diffraction technique. The contributions of silver core and silver oxide shell play important roles in the optical properties of the films.

Thermal instability of (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox in contact with silver

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 652-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Moon ◽  
Kevin P. Trumble ◽  
Keith J. Bowman
Keyword(s):  
Microstructural Evolution ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Thermal Instability ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Metallic Silver ◽  
Silver Particles ◽  
Melting Reaction ◽  
Incongruent Melting ◽  
Bulk Silver ◽  
Silver Substrate

The chemical and microstructural evolution of particulate (Bi,Pb)2223 in contact with pure bulk silver at 830 to 905 °C under flowing air and Ar−5% O2 atmospheres has been studied. Specimens annealed under PO2 and temperature conditions for which the (Bi,Pb)2223 phase itself is stable, based on a critical assessment of the literature, revealed a silver/(Bi,Pb)2223 interface-limited reaction, producing both solid and liquid decomposition phases. The (Bi,Pb)2223 not in direct contact with silver exhibited no reaction under the same conditions. Solid silver dissolves into the (Bi,Pb)2223 incongruent liquid, facilitating the incongruent melting reaction. On cooling, equiaxed metallic silver particles precipitated uniformly throughout bulk specimens partially melted on a silver substrate.

Oxidation–reduction titration of cytochrome components in the electron transport chain of Azotobacter vinelandii

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsanyen Yang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transport ◽  
Cytochrome B ◽  
Absorption Maximum ◽  
Azotobacter Vinelandii ◽  
Reactive Component ◽  
Midpoint Potential ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cytochrome D

The multiple cytochrome components in the electron transport particle of Azotobacter vinelandii were resolved and their oxidation–reduction midpoint potentials were determined by a simultaneous potentiometric and absorption measurements under anaerobic condition with or without CO. The midpoints of the individual cytochrome component corresponding to the membrane-bound types were also determined in the solubilized fractions prepared by a differential detergent solubilization of the membrane particles of A. vinelandii. Two cytochromes of b type, one with an absorption maximum measured at 559 nm and another at 561 nm in the membrane particle, were resolved and their Em, 7.4 values determined to be −30 mV and +122 mV, respectively. Cytochrome b559 reacted with CO readily in both membrane-bound and solubilized forms, however, cytochrome b561 was inert to CO treatment. Only one cytochrome of c type (c4) measured at 575–551 nm was resolved, its midpoint potential at pH 7.4 was +322 mV in the membrane-bound form and +278 mV in the solubilized form. This c-type cytochrome had no CO reactivity. Cytochrome d, a CO-reactive component, had a midpoint of +270 mV in the membrane fraction. The midpoint of cytochrome a1 in its membrane-bound form could not be measured accurately because of its low concentration. However, in the solubilized preparations, cytochrome a1 apparently had a red shift with an absorption maximum at 613 nm, with an estimated Em, 7.4 of −45 mV, while cytochrome d was no longer detected, possibly because of denaturation.

Effect of Oxidation-Reduction Potential upon Growth and Sporulation of Clostridium perfringens1

1976 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 421-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTINE B. PEARSON ◽  
HOMER W. WALKER
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential ◽  
The Individual

Three strains of Clostridium perfringens were examined for the influence of oxidation-reduction potential on growth and sporulation. The limiting Eh7 for growth was + 350 mv; the cultures slowly died at this Eh. Sporulation occurred at numbers typical for the individual strains as long as growth occurred.

scholarly journals Effects of metallic silver particles on the emission properties of [Ru(bpy)3]2+

2003 ◽  
Vol 372 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 409-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacy Gryczynski ◽  
Joanna Malicka ◽  
Elisabeth Holder ◽  
Nicolas DiCesare ◽  
Joseph R. Lakowicz
Keyword(s):  
Metallic Silver ◽  
Silver Particles ◽  
Emission Properties
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