scholarly journals Microbiological Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Sewage Sludge Sanitization with Solar Drying Technology

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Paluszak ◽  
Krzysztof Skowron ◽  
Małgorzata Sypuła ◽  
Karolina Jadwiga Skowron
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Elimination Rate ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Drying Technology ◽  
Dried Sludge ◽  
Inactivation Of Bacteria

The aim of study was to estimate the sanitization effectiveness of the sludge solar drying process carried out on technical scale in Poland based on the inactivation of bacteria and parasite eggs. Sewage sludge samples inoculated withEscherichia coli,SalmonellaSenftenberg W775and enterococci and perlon bags containingAscaris suumeggs were placed inside the carriers fixed in the dried sludge pile and on the shovels and frame of the sludge turner. The number of reisolated microorganisms was determined with MPN method and the percentage of invasiveA. suumeggs—with the microscope counting. On the basis of regression equations, the theoretical survivability and elimination rate of bacteria and parasite eggs were calculated. Experiment showed low hygienization efficiency of solar drying method. The theoretical survival time was 46–104 days in summer and 90–98 days in winter forS.Senftenberg W775and, respectively 42–55 and 71–148 days forE. coli, depending on the carriers location. Enterococci were able to survive for 52–168 days in summer and in winter its number increased. The decrease in the percentage of invasiveA. suumeggs was almost not observed. Results indicated that solar drying is a technology, which does not guarantee biosafety of product.

Solar Drying of Ivy Gourd: Influence of Various Dipping Solutions on Activation Energy and Moisture Diffusivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elavarasan Elangovan ◽  
Gulivindala Anil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Forced Convection ◽  
Moisture Diffusivity ◽  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Ivy Gourd

Abstract The study is aimed to enhance the shelf life of ivy gourd through solar drying method in open, forced and natural convection mode. Ivy gourd is treated as primary agent to prepare medicines and the stems, leaves; flowers are used to cure the diseases related diabetics, ulcer, skin. The normal shelf life is 2-3 days and it can be increased up to 6 months with an effective drying process. The experiment is intended to find the best drying process among the open, natural and forced convection mode with an initial dipping method with ascorbic acid, lemon juice, sugar solution, honey solutions individually and a control sample (without dipping). A 3kg sample of ivy gourd is dipped in 10g/L of the each of the solution and it is used for the three drying process individually. The obtained results are indicating that forced convection method for ascorbic acid is best among the other drying method with highest moisture diffusivity is 7.88×10-8 m2/s and lowest activation energy 21.12 kJ/mol. It was observed that the drying kinetics of ivy gourd should be considered an indicator of efficiency for solar drying technique from environmental safety perspective. The influence of dipping solution and drying mechanisms on the functionalities of drying are discussed with suitable illustrations.

scholarly journals Quality assessment of the drying process for Eucalyptus delegatensis timber using greenhouse solar drying technology

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Khamtan Phonetip ◽  
Barbara Ozarska ◽  
Gerry Harris ◽  
Benoit Belleville ◽  
Graham Ian Brodie
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Technology ◽  
Eucalyptus Delegatensis

The influence of fibres on the structure of thermally dried sludge product

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 469-473
Author(s):  
Paul Lowe ◽  
Michael Brown ◽  
Kathleen Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Secondary Sludge ◽  
Limited Experience ◽  
Apparent Reason ◽  
Drying Technology ◽  
Dried Sludge ◽  
Lower Bulk Density ◽  
The Relationship

There appears to be a limited experience world-wide in the application of thermal drying technology to processing raw undigested sludge. This limited experience has shown that the products from raw sludge processing have a much lower bulk density than those from digested sludge. The apparent reason for this phenomenon demonstrated by this work, is the high concentration of fibres in the raw undigested sludge. Different sludges show varying degrees of fibre concentration with a decrease in fibre content as the proportion of secondary sludge increases. The relationship between the bulk density of the product and the fibre content are given and this shows that as the fibre content increases the bulk density of the product will fall. It is recommended that a compaction/pelletisation stage is included in the process stream for high fibre sludges.

scholarly journals Influence of Freezing and Different Drying Methods on Volatile Profiles of Strawberry and Analysis of Volatile Compounds of Strawberry Commercial Jams

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 4153
Author(s):  
Doaa Abouelenein ◽  
Ahmed M. Mustafa ◽  
Simone Angeloni ◽  
Germana Borsetta ◽  
Sauro Vittori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Drying ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Volatile Profile ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Ethyl Hexanoate ◽  
Complete Destruction ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Volatile Profiles

Strawberry is the most consumed berry fruit worldwide due to its unique aroma and flavor. Drying fruits to produce a powder represents one of the possible conservation methods to extend their shelf-life. The aim of the present study was to compare the influence of freezing and different drying methods on the volatile profile of strawberry using the HS-SPME/GC–MS method, in addition to analysis of strawberry jam volatiles. A total of 165 compounds were identified, accounting for 85.03–96.88% of the total volatile compositions. Results and PCA showed that freezing and each drying process affected the volatile profile in a different way, and the most remarkable representative differential volatiles were ethyl hexanoate, hexyl acetate, (E)-2-hexenyl acetate, mesifurane, (E)-nerolidol, γ-decalactone, 1-hexanol, and acetoin. Shade air-dried, frozen, freeze-dried, and oven-dried 45 °C samples retained more of the fruity and sweet aromas of strawberry, representing more than 68% of the total aroma intensity according to the literature. In contrast, the microwave-drying method showed drastic loss of fruity esters. Strawberry jams demonstrated complete destruction of esters and alcohols in most jams, while terpenes were significantly increased. These findings help better understand the aroma of strawberry and provide a guide for the effects of drying, freezing, and jam processing.

Breakthrough of Sublimation Drying by Liquid Phase Deposition

2021 ◽  
Vol 314 ◽  
pp. 172-177
Author(s):  
Yuta Sasaki ◽  
Yousuke Hanawa ◽  
Masayuki Otsuji ◽  
Naozumi Fujiwara ◽  
Masahiko Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Interfacial Free Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Liquid Phase Deposition ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Substrate Side ◽  
Drying Technology

Damage-free drying becomes increasingly difficult with the scaling of semiconductor devices. In this work, we studied a new sublimation drying technology for 3nm node and beyond. In order to investigate the collapse factor by conventional sublimation drying, we observed the pattern with cryo-SEM and revealed that the collapse occurred when the liquid film on the substrate solidified. Based on this result, we considered that it was important to deposit a solidified film uniformly from the substrate side to suppress collapse. Two key process parameters were evaluated to achieve the uniform formation of the solidified film. One is interfacial free energy and the other is film thickness of solution just before solidification. By optimizing two key parameters, it was successfully demonstrated to suppress pattern collapse of challenging devices. In this paper, we report on a new drying method: sublimation drying by LPD (Liquid-phase deposition).

scholarly journals Performance of silver-coated red soil nanocomposites in water disinfection

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Mahmoudi ◽  
Farid Moeinpour
Keyword(s):  
Contact Time ◽  
Elimination Rate ◽  
Red Soil ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Surface Response Method ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Response Method ◽  
Bacterial Effect

Abstract The present research studied the anti-bacterial effect of silver-coated red soil nanoparticles on Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) from water. The effects of disinfectant concentration (0.02, 0.05 and 0.1 g/mL), contact time (10, 20 and 30 minutes) and bacteria number (102, 104 and 106 CFU/mL) have been also investigated. To obtain important factors, the interactions between factors and optimal experimental design in surface response method were used based on Box-Behnken design. According to the research findings, the system is efficient in eliminating E. coli. The results showed that E. coli elimination efficiency intensified through increasing the amount of disinfectant from 0.02 to 0.1 g/mL. Expanding contact time from 10 minutes to 30 minutes also heightened the E. coli elimination rate. R2 for E. coli elimination is 0.9956 indicating a good agreement between model experimental data and forecasting data.

In-toilet disinfection of fresh fecal sludge with ammonia naturally present in excreta

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temitope A. Ogunyoku ◽  
Fikreselam Habebo ◽  
Kara L. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Dominant Form ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fecal Sludge ◽  
Ph Level ◽  
Inactivation Of Bacteria ◽  
Control Samples

A simple treatment method, Safe Sludge disinfection, was developed to disinfect pathogens in fresh fecal sludge using the ammonia naturally present in excreta. In the first step, urea is hydrolyzed to ammonia (NH3/NH4+). In the second step, Ca(OH)2 is added to raise the pH level such that NH3, a known disinfectant, is the dominant form of ammonia; subsequently, the waste is stored until sufficient disinfection is achieved. In a closed system at 23 °C, Safe Sludge disinfection achieved >9.3 log10 and >4.0 log10 decrease of indigenous Escherichia coli and seeded MS2 coliphage, respectively, within 10.6 hours, and 2.0 log10 inactivation of seeded Ascaris suum eggs within 2 weeks. Disinfection of feces at high pH with no urine addition was tested for comparison, and similar inactivation levels were achieved for E. coli and MS2 bacteriophage. However, for Ascaris eggs only 0.38 log10 inactivation was achieved over 2 weeks. For control samples (feces plus urine only), no inactivation of bacteria or virus indicators was observed and inactivation of Ascaris eggs was also low (0.42 log10). To illustrate how the Safe Sludge concept could be incorporated into a waterless household toilet, a conceptual design and prototype was developed, called the pHree Loo.

scholarly journals Solar Drying Technology in Indonesia: an Overview

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Fudholi ◽  
Abrar Ridwan ◽  
Rado Yendra ◽  
Ari Pani Desvina ◽  
Hartono Hartono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Energy Technology ◽  
Important Benefit ◽  
Pollutant Source ◽  
Drying Technology

<span lang="EN-US">The most important benefit of solar energy is renewable and low pollutant source of energy (clean energy). Solar energy technology and research are developing fast and much of the technology needed for these applications in industry and agricultures is already available. Solar drying technology (SDT) is one of the most attractive and promising applications of solar energy technology. In this paper, the various performances of SDTs in Indonesia are summarized with details. Generally, the cabinet-type and tunnel-type SDTs are remarkably well suited to drying small quantities of vegetables and fruit on the household scale. Greenhouse and hybrid SDTs are suitable for use on a large scale by industries.</span>

scholarly journals Evaluation of Bio-drying Process of Sewage Sludge using Mathematical Model of Heat and Mass Balance: Effects of Temperatures of Supplied Air and Exhaust Gas

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 580-591
Author(s):  
Jae-Ram Park ◽  
Dong-Hoon Lee ◽  
Kyung-Hyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Moisture Removal ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature ◽  
Efficiency Indicators

Objectives : The effects of temperatures of supplied air and exhaust gas on moisture removal in the bio-drying process of sewage sludge were assessed by simulating the process. We also suggested performance and efficiency indicators for moisture removal in this process and identified their effectivity.Methods : The bio-drying process of sewage sludge was simulated by mathematical modeling of heat and mass balance under different combinations of supplied-air temperatures and control ranges of exhaust gas temperatures. The simulation results were analyzed by using some indicators for assessing the performance and efficiency of moisture removal.Results and Discussion : While BVS (biodegradable volatile solid) degradation was inhibited at a higher supplied-air temperature and a lower control range of exhaust gas temperature, moisture reduction was enhanced at the supplied-air temperature nearer to ambient and the controlled exhaust gas temperature for 45 to 50℃. The drying performance could be improved by the utilization of both metabolic heat and convective heat from hot supplied-air for the source of heat necessary for moisture removal. We suggested the moisture removal rate as a performance indicator, and both the moisture removing capacity of supplied-air and the mass ratio of moisture removal to BVS degradation as an efficiency indicator. We identified that this mass ratio could be an alternative for thermal efficiency of drying.Conclusions : It is effective to control the air-flow rate to keep the exhaust gas temperature within 45~50℃ during bio-drying of sewage sludge in terms of drying performance and efficiency. It is expected that a specified range or minimum required value for the performance and efficiency indicators in the bio-drying process which suggested in this study needs to be established.

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