scholarly journals Environmental Geophysical Study of the Groundwater Mineralization in a Plot of the Cotonou Littoral Zone (South Benin)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yalo Nicaise ◽  
Descloitres Marc ◽  
Alassane Abdoukarim ◽  
Mama Daouda ◽  
Boukari Moussa
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Littoral Zone ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Environmental Study ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
Water Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Resistivities ◽  
Geophysical Study

Geophysical investigations comprising electrical resistivity and electromagnetic conductivities methods were deployed in a 350 m2sector, strewn with 11 wells. Within the framework of an environmental study on a small scale in the south of Benin, the water conductivity of these wells was measured to determine in a direct way mineralization of the coastal water table in the littoral zone. This environmental study aimed to prospect by the geophysical methods the space extension of the water table mineralization obtained by direct measurements of water conductivity in the well and the depth of the fresh water/salted water interface in the coastal aquifer. Electromagnetic measurements of conductivities made it possible to chart a gradient of mineralization in the northwest direction. The logs of vertical electric soundings showed a deepening of the fresh water/salted water interface in the southern part and its rupture in the northern part. The electrical resistivities of the interface are sensitive to the degree of its mineralization. It has been observed that the geophysical methods in electrical and electromagnetic prospection are a great contribution to the environmental study of the water table mineralization in the littoral zone for a sustainable management of the water resource.

Other non-marine invertebrates

1985 ◽  
Vol 309 (1138) ◽  
pp. 239-240 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Littoral Zone ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Suspension Feeding ◽  
Larval Life ◽  
Intertidal Environment ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Fresh Waters ◽  
Reproductive Processes

Two classes of Mollusca have successfully emerged from the sea: the Bivalvia to fresh waters but the Gastropoda, in addition to invading the fresh water habitat, have also become fully air-breathing and live on the land. There is today a complete range from those taxa that are in every respect fully marine to those that are completely independent of the sea. The possible pathways from the sea to these environments are by surviving reduced or varying salinities, which it might be assumed occur in intertidal or estuarine conditions, or by surviving periodic and increasing exposure in air, again a condition of the intertidal environment. The prerequisite for emergence from the sea must have been the presence of food. In the initial emergence this could have been provided by detritus derived from the sea and deposited along a feature such as a storm beach. Such an environment is probably important for some Ellobiidae today. To spread onto the land and into the fresh water Mollusca, as other essentially grazing or suspension feeding animals, were presumably preceded by Bacteria or plants, or both. The initial modifications to metabolic and reproductive processes, outlined by Little (1983), may have taken place high in the littoral zone, supported by detritus and, as in the Ellobiidae, remaining dependent on the sea during larval life. The expansion and radiation of the Mollusca that has followed may have been related to the increase in habitats made available by the plants.

Geophysical research of the undefined on the surface of the medieval nacropolis Shekshovo-9 (Suzdal Opole)

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
I. N. Modin ◽  
S. A. Erokhin ◽  
A. M. Krasnikova ◽  
I. G. Shorkunov ◽  
V. A. Shevchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Geophysical Data ◽  
Geophysical Research ◽  
Soil Structures ◽  
Geophysical Study ◽  
Archaeological Objects

The problem of modern archeology is the study of monuments that are not expressed on the surface due to centuries of plowing. Using the example of a geophysical study of the Shekshovo 9 monument (Suzdal Opolie region), we consider the use of geophysical methods for mapping the structure of the necropolis. The main idea is to search and interpret archaeological objects in geophysical data as heterogeneities towards background geological and soil structures.

Salt-Water Interface Near a Fresh-Water Canal

1964 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 97-116
Author(s):  
Norbert L. Ackermann ◽  
Pachern Sridurongkatum
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
Water Canal

Reverse Osmosis Membrane Desalination Technology and Process

2020 ◽  
pp. 339-372
Author(s):  
Man Djun Lee ◽  
Pui San Lee
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Reverse Osmosis Membrane ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Desalination Technology

This chapter gives an overview about reverse osmosis membrane desalination technology and process. Desalination process can be considered as one of the crucial processes in obtaining fresh water to meet the increasing fresh water demand throughout the world. Desalination process begins with the intake of seawater or brackish water. The intake system usually comprises a pump and piping system. Then, the seawater goes through pre-treatment process. From there, the treated seawater will go through desalination process. The most widely used desalination is membrane desalination utilizing reverse osmosis membrane. After desalination process, the fresh water will go through more filtration and a series of post-treatment. Post-treatment consists of conditioning and stabilizing the water for distribution. This chapter concludes with a case study to illustrate the operation and sustainability of a small-scale desalination plant that utilizes brackish city polluted water as source.

A film of organic matter at the fresh-water/sea-water interface of an estuary

Nature ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 328 (6131) ◽  
pp. 612-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Zutic ◽  
Tarzan Legovic
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Water Interface

Shape of the shallow aquifer at the fresh water–sea water interface on a high-energy sandy beach

2016 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 79-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien Buquet ◽  
Colette Sirieix ◽  
Pierre Anschutz ◽  
Philippe Malaurent ◽  
Céline Charbonnier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Sandy Beach ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Shallow Aquifer ◽  
Water Interface

scholarly journals Rotating gravity currents: small-scale and large-scale laboratory experiments and a geostrophic model

2007 ◽  
Vol 578 ◽  
pp. 35-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. THOMAS ◽  
P. F. LINDEN
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Continuous Release ◽  
Dimensional Parameters ◽  
Gravity Driven

Laboratory experiments simulating gravity-driven coastal surface currents produced by estuarine fresh-water discharges into the ocean are discussed. The currents are generated inside a rotating tank filled with salt water by the continuous release of buoyant fresh water from a small source at the fluid surface. The height, the width and the length of the currents are studied as a function of the background rotation rate, the volumetric discharge rate and the density difference at the source. Two complementary experimental data sets are discussed and compared with each other. One set of experiments was carried out in a tank of diameter 1 m on a small-scale rotating turntable. The second set of experiments was conducted at the large-scale Coriolis Facility (LEGI, Grenoble) which has a tank of diameter 13 m. A simple geostrophic model predicting the current height, width and propagation velocity is developed. The experiments and the model are compared with each other in terms of a set of non-dimensional parameters identified in the theoretical analysis of the problem. These parameters enable the corresponding data of the large-scale and the small-scale experiments to be collapsed onto a single line. Good agreement between the model and the experiments is found.

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