scholarly journals Atypical Neurofibroma and Osteosclerotic Metastasis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Neeraj Varyani ◽  
Anubhav Thukral ◽  
Sunny Garg ◽  
Kailash Kumar Gupta ◽  
Ravi Tandon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Corticosteroid ◽  
Bone Marrow Aspiration ◽  
Metastatic Lesion ◽  
Intrathecal Methotrexate ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Eosinophilic Cytoplasm ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Generalized Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
Atypical Neurofibroma

35-year-old male presented with multiple swellings in left leg, headache, weakness of limbs for 4 months, and blurring of vision for the last 15 days. On examination, he was pale, cachexic with generalized lymphadenopathy and lower motor neuron type weakness of limbs sparing right upper limb. Blood investigations showed anemia with high alkaline phosphatase. Chest radiograph revealed osteosclerotic metastatic lesion in humerus. Biopsy of leg lesion revealed atypical neurofibroma. Computed tomography (CT) of thorax revealed osteoblastic metastasis. Bone marrow aspiration showed cells with round to oval nuclei, fine granular chromatin with large central prominent nucleoli and eosinophilic cytoplasm with acini formation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain and spinal cord defined metastatic leptomeningeal deposits. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology was positive for malignant cells. Gastroscopy showed an ulceroinfiltrative growth from stomach which on histopathology revealed diffuse adenocarcinoma. Palliative treatment was given with intrathecal methotrexate and systemic corticosteroid with chemotherapy. Patient’s symptom improved drastically, but we lost him to followup.

At the heart of primary progressive multiple sclerosis: three cases with diffuse MRI abnormalities only

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
JNP Zwemmer ◽  
JCJ Bot ◽  
B. Jelles ◽  
F. Barkhof ◽  
CH Polman
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Progressive Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Primary Progressive ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
Made In

We present three patients with a clinical course and cerebrospinal fluid findings consistent with a diagnosis of primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS). Extensive and repeated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations showed only diffuse abnormality in brain and spinal cord, but no focal lesions. We propose that these cases represent the most pure form of PPMS, even though according to currently applied criteria this diagnosis can not be made in the absence of focal lesions on MRI. Multiple Sclerosis 2008; 14: 428—430. http://msj.sagepub.com

scholarly journals Brain and Spinal Cord MRI in Multiple Sclerosis: an Update

2017 ◽  
Vol 01 (04) ◽  
pp. E294-E306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Wattjes ◽  
Peter Raab
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Quantitative Mri ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Ultra High Field ◽  
Important Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and has been incorporated into the McDonald diagnostic criteria for MS. In particular, for the exclusion of important differential diagnosis and comorbidities, new MRI markers have been established such as the “central vein sign”. In addition to diagnostic purposes, the role of MRI in MS monitoring is becoming increasingly important, particularly for pharmacovigilance. This includes treatment efficacy monitoring, prediction of treatment response and safety monitoring. Quantitative MRI methods and ultra-high-field MRI offer the opportunity for the quantitative assessment of damage in normal-appearing brain tissue. However, the standardization of these techniques with the goal of implementation in clinical routine will be one of the major challenges in the near future.

Onset of progressive motor impairment in patients with critical central nervous system demyelinating lesions

2020 ◽  
pp. 135245852094098
Author(s):  
Roman M Kassa ◽  
Elia Sechi ◽  
Eoin P Flanagan ◽  
Timothy J Kaufmann ◽  
Orhun H Kantarci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Total Brain ◽  
Demyelinating Lesions ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord

Objective: To compare progressive motor impairment onset attributable to a “critical” central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating lesion in patients with highly restricted versus unlimited magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesion burden. Methods: We identified 135 patients with progressive motor impairment for ⩾1 year attributable to a “critical” demyelinating lesion with: MRI burden of 1 lesion (“progressive solitary sclerosis”), 2–5 lesions (“progressive paucisclerosis”), or unrestricted (>5) lesions and “progressive unilateral hemiparesis.” Neuroradiology review of brain and spinal cord MRI documented unequivocally demyelinating lesions. Results: A total of 33 (24.4%) patients had progressive solitary sclerosis; 56 (41.5%) patients had progressive paucisclerosis; and 46 (34.1%) patients had progressive unilateral hemiparesis. Median age at onset of progressive motor impairment was younger in progressive solitary sclerosis (49 years; range 24–73) and progressive paucisclerosis (50 years; range 30–64) than in progressive unilateral hemiparesis (54 years; range 39–77; p = 0.02 and p = 0.003, respectively). Within progressive unilateral hemiparesis, motor-progression onset was similar between those with 4–10, 11–20, or >20 brain lesions (55, 54, 53 years of age, respectively; p = 0.44). Conclusion: Motor-progression age is similar, but paradoxically earlier, in cohorts with highly restricted CNS lesion burden than in those with unrestricted lesion burden with progressive unilateral hemiparetic MS. The “critical” demyelinating lesion rather than total brain MRI lesion burden is the major contributor to motor-progression onset in these cohorts.

Imaging

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Laureno
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Cellular Pathology ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

This chapter on “Imaging” examines the relative advantages and disadvantages of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. It compares the modalities to each other and to gross neuropathology. For several decades, neurologists have been able to view cross-sectional images of living patients. Analogous to gross neuropathology, cross-sectional imaging displays the brain as an entire organ but does not demonstrate microscopic tissue or cellular pathology. By allowing practitioners to view sections of brain and spinal cord in vivo, imaging has improved neurologic practice and facilitated clinical research. This chapter deals with imaging topics that are important to the neurologist. The timing of scans, the effects of gravity, and the importance of plane of section are considered. Imaging is compared to gross neuropathology, and MRI is compared to CT.

A Neurologist's View of Lyme Disease and Other Tick-Borne Infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (04) ◽  
pp. 440-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Halperin
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Csf Cells ◽  
Objective Evidence ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord

AbstractTick-borne infections—including tick-borne encephalitis viruses, represented in the United States by rare infections with Powassan and deer tick viruses, and more often Lyme disease—are of increasing importance to neurologists. Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) causes all or part of a triad including meningitis, radiculoneuritis, and cranial neuritis. Rarely, parenchymal brain and spinal cord involvement occur, with focal findings on examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). LNB diagnosis requires plausible exposure, objective evidence of nervous system involvement, and, generally, positive two-tier serology. Central nervous system (CNS) LNB is almost always accompanied by abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (cells, protein), often with intrathecal antibody production, which is determined by concentration-adjusted comparison of serum and CSF antibody. Measuring CSF antibody in isolation and nucleic acid-based testing of CSF are not useful in LNB and should be avoided. LNB treatment is highly effective with a 2- to 3-week course of antibiotics. Increasing evidence suggests that LNB not involving the CNS parenchyma can be treated successfully with oral doxycycline.

scholarly journals Hemosiderosis of Central Nervous System: a case report of a rare and underdiagnosed disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e270101119579
Author(s):  
Cássio Marques Perlin ◽  
Lanusa Alquino Colombo ◽  
Anderson Dillmann Groto ◽  
Bruno Gleizer da Silva Rigon
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Superficial Siderosis ◽  
Medical Clinic ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
System A ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

Superficial Siderosis (SS) of Central Nervous System is a rare disease characterized by the deposit of hemosiderin in the brain and spinal cord. Clinically, it is characterized by progressive sensorineural ataxia and deafness associated with injury of superior motor neuron. The diagnosis is made by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the encephalon and spinal cord. The objective of the study is to report the case of a patient with characteristic elements of the syndrome, accompanied in a private medical clinic.

scholarly journals CNS Metastases from Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: Are They Really So Rare?

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Bekiesinska-Figatowska ◽  
Agnieszka Duczkowska ◽  
Marek Duczkowski ◽  
Hanna Bragoszewska ◽  
Anna Romaniuk-Doroszewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Hematogenous Spread ◽  
Cns Metastases ◽  
Course Of Disease ◽  
Leptomeningeal Spread ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord

Purpose. To check whether primary involvement of brain/spinal cord by bone/soft tissue sarcomas’ metastases in children is as rare as described and to present various morphological forms of bone/soft tissue sarcomas’ CNS metastases. Methods. Patients with first diagnosis in 1999–2014 treated at single center were included with whole course of disease evaluation. Brain/spinal canal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/computed tomography were performed in cases suspicious for CNS metastases. Extension from skull/vertebral column metastases was excluded. Results. 550 patients were included. MRI revealed CNS metastases in 19 patients (incidence 3.45%), 14 boys, aged 5–22 years. There were 12/250 osteosarcoma cases, 2/200 Ewing’s sarcoma, 1/50 chondrosarcoma, 3/49 rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), and 1/1 malignant mesenchymoma. There were 10 single metastases and 7 cases of multiple ones; in 2 RMS cases only leptomeningeal spread in brain and spinal cord was found. Calcified metastases were found in 3 patients and hemorrhagic in 4. In one RMS patient there were numerous solid, cystic, hemorrhagic lesions and leptomeningeal spread. Conclusions. CNS metastases are rare and late in children with bone/soft tissue sarcomas, although in our material more frequent (3.45%) than in other reports (0.7%). Hematogenous spread to brain and hemorrhagic and calcified lesions dominated in osteosarcoma. Ewing sarcoma tended to metastasize to skull bones. Soft tissue sarcomas presented various morphological forms.

Intimate Visions: Representations of the Imperfect Body in the Age of Digital Medicine

Leonardo ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-287
Author(s):  
Catherine Monahon ◽  
Elizabeth Jameson
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Fine Art ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Digital Medicine ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Experience Of Illness ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

The authors explore the work of artists looking at the relationship between illness, identity, the brain and imagery produced by medical imaging technology. Digital images of the brain generated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology represent a powerful unveiling, making visible that which was invisible until the creation of the CT scanner and, shortly after, the more refined MRI technology. At the intersection of fine art and clinical medical images, the authors discover a resistance and a reshaping of the experience of illness. In their focus on the brain, illness and identity, the authors feature specific works of artists impacted by diseases of the brain and spinal cord, specifically Laura Ferguson, Katherine Sherwood, Marilène Oliver, Kelly Haydon, Darian Goldin Stahl and Elizabeth Jameson.

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