scholarly journals Pollinator-Driven Speciation in Sexually Deceptive Orchids

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuqing Xu ◽  
Philipp M. Schlüter ◽  
Florian P. Schiestl
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Floral Scent ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Species Differentiation ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Plant Group ◽  
Floral Isolation ◽  
Sexual Mimicry ◽  
Sexually Deceptive Orchids ◽  
Pollinator Shift

Pollinator-mediated selection has been suggested to play a major role for the origin and maintenance of the species diversity in orchids. Sexually deceptive orchids are one of the prime examples for rapid, pollinator-mediated plant radiations, with many species showing little genetic differentiation, lack of postzygotic barriers, but strong prezygotic reproductive isolation. These orchids mimic mating signals of female insects and employ male insects as pollinators. This kind of sexual mimicry leads to highly specialised pollination and provides a good system for investigating the process of pollinator-driven speciation. Here, we summarise the knowledge of key processes of speciation in this group of orchids and conduct a meta-analysis on traits that contribute to species differentiation, and thus potentially to speciation. Our study suggests that pollinator shift through changes in floral scent is predominant among closely related species in sexually deceptive orchids. Such shifts can provide a mechanism for pollinator-driven speciation in plants, if the resulting floral isolation is strong. Furthermore, changes in floral scent in these orchids are likely controlled by few genes. Together these factors suggest speciation in sexually deceptive orchids may happen rapidly and even in sympatry, which may explain the remarkable species diversity observed in this plant group.

scholarly journals Hybrid floral scent novelty drives pollinator shift in sexually deceptive orchids

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas J Vereecken ◽  
Salvatore Cozzolino ◽  
Florian P Schiestl
Keyword(s):  
Floral Scent ◽  
Sexually Deceptive Orchids ◽  
Pollinator Shift

scholarly journals FLORAL ISOLATION IS THE MAIN REPRODUCTIVE BARRIER AMONG CLOSELY RELATED SEXUALLY DECEPTIVE ORCHIDS

Evolution ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 2606-2620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuqing Xu ◽  
Philipp M. Schlüter ◽  
Giovanni Scopece ◽  
Hendrik Breitkopf ◽  
Karin Gross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Barrier ◽  
Floral Isolation ◽  
Sexually Deceptive Orchids

scholarly journals The Biology of Essential Oils in the Pollination of Flowers

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0700201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leland J. Cseke ◽  
Peter B. Kaufman ◽  
Ara Kirakosyan
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biological Process ◽  
Floral Scent ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Plant Reproduction ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Essential Oil Compounds

Pollination is an essential biological process in higher plant reproduction that involves the transfer of pollen to the female sexual organs of flowers or cones. It plays a critical role in the reproductive success and evolution of most plant species by allowing plants to share genetic material from other members of the same or closely-related species, thus increasing genetic diversity. In many cases, non-plant organisms are involved in carrying out this cross-pollination, including insects, bats, mammals, and birds. In order to attract such pollinators, plants have evolved the ability to produce a mind-boggling array of volatile compounds that have also found abundant use for humans when collected as essential oils. In this review, we focus on the role of essential oil compounds that are produced by flowers as chemical attractants used to draw in their often highly-specific pollinators. We examine in some detail various questions behind the biology of floral scent, including how these compounds are produced in flowers, how they are detected by potential pollinators, and how biotechnology can be used to alter their activity.

scholarly journals Floral scent and species divergence in a pair of sexually deceptive orchids

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (15) ◽  
pp. 6023-6034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel D. L. Gervasi ◽  
Marc-Andre Selosse ◽  
Mathieu Sauve ◽  
Wittko Francke ◽  
Nicolas J. Vereecken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Floral Scent ◽  
Species Divergence ◽  
Sexually Deceptive Orchids

scholarly journals A Meta-Analysis Indicates Positive Correlation between Genetic Diversity and Species Diversity

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1089
Author(s):  
Lei Xie ◽  
Yuan Yang ◽  
Yao Li ◽  
Shuifei Chen ◽  
Yueyao Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Environmental Heterogeneity ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Conservation Practice ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Global Biodiversity

Species diversity (SD) and genetic diversity (GD) are the two basic levels of biodiversity. In general, according to the consensus view, the parallel effects of environmental heterogeneity, area, and connectivity on two levels, can drive a positive correlation between GD and SD. Conversely, a negative correlation or no correlation would be expected if these effects are not parallel. Our understanding of the relationships between SD and GD among different ecosystems, sampling methods, species, and under climate change remains incomplete. In the present study, we conducted a hierarchical meta-analysis based on 295 observations from 39 studies and found a positive correlation between genetic diversity and species diversity (95% confidence interval, 7.6–22.64%). However, significant relationships were not found in some ecosystems when we conducted species–genetic diversity correlation analysis based on a single ecosystem. Moreover, the magnitudes of the correlations generally decreased with the number of sampling units and the annual average the temperature of sampling units. Our results highlight the positive correlation between GD and SD, thereby indicating that protecting SD involves protecting GD in conservation practice. Furthermore, our results also suggest that global increases in temperature during the 21st century will have significant impacts on global biodiversity.

Genetic differentiation in mountain-dwelling clam shrimp, Paralimnadia (Crustacea : Branchiopoda : Spinicaudata), in eastern Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Martin Schwentner ◽  
Gonzalo Giribet ◽  
David J. Combosch ◽  
Brian V. Timms
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Population Differentiation ◽  
Restriction Site ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Putative Species ◽  
Clam Shrimp ◽  
Temporary Habitats ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Species Being

The majority of Australian Spinicaudata Linder, 1945 inhabit the (semi)arid deserts of Australia’s lowlands. However, several closely related species of Paralimnadia Sars, 1896 inhabit small temporary habitats throughout the Great Dividing Range in eastern Australia. By combining analyses of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) with double-digest restriction-site associated DNA (ddRAD) data, we studied the species diversity and genetic diversity of this group of mountain-dwelling branchiopods. Levels of genetic differentiation in COI are relatively low between putative species (mostly between 1.5 and 6.7%), complicating COI-based species delimitation. Depending on the applied threshold, three to six species are inferred in the studied area, with most putative species being geographically restricted. Particularly notable are the high levels of population differentiation indicated by ddRAD analyses between nearby populations within putative species. This suggests that gene flow is limited, even between populations separated only by a few kilometres. This may lead to fast population differentiation, which in turn might drive speciation. Our data suggest that the species diversity of Paralimnadia in the Great Dividing Range is much higher than currently appreciated.

Dispersal and Species Diversity: A Meta‐Analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 167 (6) ◽  
pp. 913-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc William Cadotte
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Meta Analysis
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