scholarly journals Attractant Pheromone of the Neotropical SpeciesNeomegalotomus parvus(Westwood) (Heteroptera: Alydidae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul Alberto Laumann ◽  
Miguel Borges ◽  
Jeffrey R. Aldrich ◽  
Ashot Khrimian ◽  
Maria Carolina Blassioli-Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Chemical Ecology ◽  
Laboratory Bioassay ◽  
Synthetic Compounds ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Electrophysiological Responses ◽  
Attractant Pheromone ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Leguminous Crops ◽  
Female Specific

The Neotropical broad-headed bug,Neomegalotomus parvus(Westwood), is adapted to various leguminous crops and is considered a pest in common bean and soybean. The chemical communication of this species was studied in order to identify an attractant pheromone. Males and females ofN. parvusproduce several short-chain esters and acids, and their antennae showed electrophysiological responses to five of these compounds, three common to both sexes (hexyl butanoate, 4-methylhexyl butanoate, and hexyl hexanoate), and two female-specific compounds (4-methylhexyl pentanoate and hexyl pentanoate). Both aeration extracts of females and a solution containing five synthetic compounds mimicking the natural blend were attractive to males and femalesN. parvusin a laboratory bioassay. Aspects of the chemical ecology of the broad-headed bugs and the possibility to use pheromone-baited traps in the field for monitoring are discussed.

scholarly journals Behavioral Responses of the Invasive Fly Philornis downsi to Stimuli from Bacteria and Yeast in the Laboratory and the Field in the Galapagos Islands

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 431
Author(s):  
Boaz Yuval ◽  
Paola Lahuatte ◽  
Polpass Arul Jose ◽  
Charlotte E. Causton ◽  
Edouard Jurkevitch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Management ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Proboscis Extension Response ◽  
Galapagos Archipelago ◽  
Philornis Downsi ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Proboscis Extension ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Bird Feces

Philornis downsi Dodge and Aitken (Diptera: Muscidae) is an avian parasitic fly that has invaded the Galapagos archipelago and exerts an onerous burden on populations of endemic land birds. As part of an ongoing effort to develop tools for the integrated management of this fly, our objective was to determine its long- and short-range responses to bacterial and fungal cues associated with adult P. downsi. We hypothesized that the bacterial and fungal communities would elicit attraction at distance through volatiles, and appetitive responses upon contact. Accordingly, we amplified bacteria from guts of adult field-caught flies and from bird feces, and yeasts from fermenting papaya juice (a known attractant of P. downsi), on selective growth media, and assayed the response of flies to these microbes or their exudates. In the field, we baited traps with bacteria or yeast and monitored adult fly attraction. In the laboratory, we used the proboscis extension response (PER) to determine the sensitivity of males and females to tarsal contact with bacteria or yeast. Long range trapping efforts yielded two female flies over 112 trap-nights (attracted by bacteria from bird feces and from the gut of adult flies). In the laboratory, tarsal contact with stimuli from gut bacteria elicited significantly more responses than did yeast stimuli. We discuss the significance of these findings in context with other studies in the field and identify targets for future work.

scholarly journals Investigations of Variability of Morphometric Characteristics in Stone Crayfish in Order to Preserve Autochthonous Genome

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajko Roljić ◽  
Vera Nikolić ◽  
Nebojša Savić
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Carapace Length ◽  
Carapace Width ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Austropotamobius Torrentium ◽  
Stone Crayfish

This paper presents the information about morphological variability and sexual dimorphism of the stone crayfish (Austropotamobius torrentium) in the area of Korana River in Mrkonjic Grad. The crayfish were caught by hand made baited traps from October 2018 to May 2019. A total of 46 crayfish were caught, of which 33 males and 13 females. The dimensions of eight morphometric characteristics: body weight (W), body length (TBL), rostrum length (ROL), rostrum width (ROW), claw length (CLL), carapace length (CPL), carapace width (CPW) and abdomen length (ABL), were analyzed, both in males and females. Also, the body condition was determined for all individuales. The measurements results of morphometric characteristics partially matched into the alredy known range of variations. These data presens first ones for the observed area. By using Mann-Whitey U-test, it was noted that there are significant differences between the sexes for W, TBL, CLL, CPL, CPW and ABL. These resuls could be explained by sexual dimorphism of the stone crayfish.

scholarly journals Yeast Species, Strains, and Growth Media Mediate Attraction of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Lasa ◽  
Laura Navarro-de-la-Fuente ◽  
Anne C. Gschaedler-Mathis ◽  
Manuel R. Kirchmayr ◽  
Trevor Williams
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Species ◽  
Baker’S Yeast ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Baker's Yeast ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Corn Syrup ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Males And Females

Specific ecological interactions between insects and microbes have potential in the development of targeted pest monitoring or control techniques for the spotted wing drosophilid, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), an exotic invasive pest of soft fruit. To evaluate D. suzukii attraction to yeast species from preferred types of fruit, three yeasts were isolated from blackberry fruit and two yeasts from raspberry fruit and used to bait simple plastic bottle traps. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Hanseniaspora uvarum were identified from blackberries, whereas a different H. uvarum strain was identified from raspberry. Yeast identification was based on sequence analysis of the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit 26S rRNA gene. Commercial baker’s yeast (S. cerevisiae) was similar or more effective for the capture of D. suzukii males and females than yeasts isolated from blackberry or raspberry when grown in sucrose. However, when grown in corn syrup, a strain of S. cerevisiae from blackberry captured the highest number of females and a strain of H. uvarum isolated from raspberry captured high numbers of males and females. Species of Candida, Hanseniaspora, and Pichia from a laboratory yeast collection did not outperform baker’s yeast in pairwise tests when grown in sucrose solution or yeast-peptone-dextrose medium. The raspberry strain of H. uvarum grown in corn syrup outperformed S. cerevisiae grown in sucrose, in terms of captures in baited traps under laboratory conditions. We conclude that yeast species, strain, and growth medium can have a marked influence on D. suzukii attraction to baited traps, a finding that could assist in the development of yeast-related monitoring or control techniques targeted at this pest.

OLFACTORY PERCEPTION OF THE SEX ATTRACTANT PHEROMONE OF THE GREATER WAX MOTH, GALLERIA MELLONELLA L. (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE), BY THE HONEY BEE, APIS MELLIFERA L. (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE)1

1986 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Dickens ◽  
F. A. Eischen ◽  
A. Dietz
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Sex Attractant Pheromone ◽  
Greater Wax Moth ◽  
Electrophysiological Responses ◽  
Attractant Pheromone ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Wax Moth

Electrophysiological responses of worker honey bees were recorded to a series of six to eleven carbon saturated aldehydes (100 μg dosage) including nonanal and undecanal, components of the sex attractant pheromone of the greater wax moth. Peak responsiveness occurred to heptanal, octanal, and nonanal. Dosage response curves to serial dilutions of nonanal and undecanal revealed both greater sensitivity and a larger population of acceptors responsive to nonanal. The results are discussed with regard to honey bee/greater wax moth ecology.

scholarly journals Blood pressure and heart rate QTL in mice of the B6/D2 lineage: sex differences and environmental influences

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Blizard ◽  
Arimantas Lionikas ◽  
David J. Vandenbergh ◽  
Terrie Vasilopoulos ◽  
Glenn S. Gerhard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Interval Mapping ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
Sampling Procedures ◽  
Female Specific

A quantitative trait locus (QTL) approach was used to define the genetic architecture underlying variation in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR), measured indirectly on seven occasions by the tail cuff procedure. The tests were conducted in 395 F2 adult mice (197 males, 198 females) derived from a cross of the C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) strains and in 22 BXD recombinant-inbred (RI) strains. Interval mapping of F2 data for the first 5 days of measurement nominated one statistically significant and one suggestive QTL for SBP on chromosomes (Chr) 4 and 14, respectively, and two statistically significant QTL for HR on Chr 1 (which was specific to female mice) and Chr 5. New suggestive QTL emerged for SBP on Chr 3 (female-specific) and 8 and for HR on Chr 11 for measurements recorded several weeks after mice had undergone stressful blood sampling procedures. The two statistically significant HR QTL were confirmed by analyses of BXD RI strain means. Male and female F2 mice did not differ in SBP or HR but RI strain analyses showed pronounced strain-by-sex interactions and a negative genetic correlation between the two measures in both sexes. Evidence for a role for mitochondrial DNA was found for both HR and SBP. QTL for HR and SBP may differ in males and females and may be sensitive to different environmental contexts.

The influence of weather and time of day on trap catches of males and females of Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Vogt ◽  
T. L. Woodburn ◽  
R. Morton ◽  
B. A. Ellem
Keyword(s):  
Early Morning ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Lucilia Cuprina ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Catch Rates ◽  
Trap Catches

AbstractDifferences in responses of males and females of Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) to carrion-baited traps were examined in Australia in relation to time of day, temperature, wind speed, relative humidity and solar radiation. The differences were small compared with responses obtained for the combined sexes (total catch), but the results were inconsistent over the four seasons of trapping. The seasons with most data (1975–1976 and 1981–1982) gave reasonably consistent results. Seasonal differences, although significant, were small enough to neglect for the purpose of standardizing trap catches. Time-of-day effects were also unimportant, except that males tended to be less active than females during the early morning (dawn-0900 h) and more active than females during the late afternoon (1500 h-dusk). Separate models are presented for standardization of male and female catch rates; the estimates differ from those obtained from total catches, but the differences are small compared to the observed day-to-day variation in catch rates.

scholarly journals High-Pitch Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography—A New Dose-Saving Algorithm: Estimation of Radiation Exposure

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Ketelsen ◽  
Markus Buchgeister ◽  
Andreas Korn ◽  
Michael Fenchel ◽  
Bernhard Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
High Pitch ◽  
Thermoluminescent Dosimeters ◽  
Tube Potential ◽  
Dose Saving ◽  
Dual Source ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Female Specific

Purpose. To estimate effective dose and organ equivalent doses of prospective ECG-triggered high-pitch CTCA.Materials and Methods. For dose measurements, an Alderson-Rando phantom equipped with thermoluminescent dosimeters was used. The effective dose was calculated according to ICRP 103. Exposure was performed on a second-generation dual-source scanner (SOMATOM Definition Flash, Siemens Medical Solutions, Germany). The following scan parameters were used: 320 mAs per rotation, 100 and 120 kV, pitch 3.4 for prospectively ECG-triggered high-pitch CTCA, scan range of 13.5 cm, collimation  mm with z-flying focal spot, gantry rotation time 280 ms, and simulated heart rate of 60 beats per minute.Results. Depending on the applied tube potential, the effective whole-body dose of the cardiac scan ranged from 1.1 mSv to 1.6 mSv and from 1.2 to 1.8 mSv for males and females, respectively. The radiosensitive breast tissue in the range of the primary beam caused an increased female-specific effective dose of % compared to males. Decreasing the tube potential, a significant reduction of the effective dose of 35.8% and 36.0% can be achieved for males and females, respectively ().Conclusion. The radiologist and the CT technician should be aware of this new dose-saving strategy to keep the radiation exposure as low as reasonablly achievable.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL VARIABILITY AND SEXUAL DIMORPHISM OF NOBLE CRAYFISH Astacus astacus FROM THE BALKANA LAKE

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajko Roljić ◽  
Vera Nikolić ◽  
Nebojša Savić
Keyword(s):  
Carapace Width ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sex Dimorphism ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
Astacus Astacus ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Noble Crayfish ◽  
Cephalothorax Length ◽  
Males And Females

This paper presents the information about morphological variability and sex dimorphism of the Noble crayfish (Astacus astacus) in the area of the Balkana Lake in Mrkonjic Grad. The crayfish were caught by hand made baited traps from October 9nd 2018. until May 31th 2019. A total of 58 crayfish were caught, of which 38 males and 20 females. The eight morphometric characteristics: body weight (W), body length (TBL), claw length (CLL), cephalothorax length (CFL), carapace width (CPW), abdomen length (ABL), rostrum length (ROL) and rostrum width (ROW) were measured, both in males and females. Also, the body condition was determined for all specimens. The results of morphometric characteristics partially matched into the already known range of variations. These data represent first ones for the observed area. The t-test showed that there were significant differences between the sexes in W, TBL, CLL, CFL and CPW which are explained by the emphasized sex dimorphism of the noble crayfish.

scholarly journals A small number of cholinergic neurons mediate hyperaggression in female Drosophila

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (34) ◽  
pp. 17029-17038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline B. Palavicino-Maggio ◽  
Yick-Bun Chan ◽  
Claire McKellar ◽  
Edward A. Kravitz
Keyword(s):  
Cholinergic Neurons ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Large Reduction ◽  
Male Aggression ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Flp Recombinase ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Female Specific

In the Drosophila model of aggression, males and females fight in same-sex pairings, but a wide disparity exists in the levels of aggression displayed by the 2 sexes. A screen of Drosophila Flylight Gal4 lines by driving expression of the gene coding for the temperature sensitive dTRPA1 channel, yielded a single line (GMR26E01-Gal4) displaying greatly enhanced aggression when thermoactivated. Targeted neurons were widely distributed throughout male and female nervous systems, but the enhanced aggression was seen only in females. No effects were seen on female mating behavior, general arousal, or male aggression. We quantified the enhancement by measuring fight patterns characteristic of female and male aggression and confirmed that the effect was female-specific. To reduce the numbers of neurons involved, we used an intersectional approach with our library of enhancer trap flp-recombinase lines. Several crosses reduced the populations of labeled neurons, but only 1 cross yielded a large reduction while maintaining the phenotype. Of particular interest was a small group (2 to 4 pairs) of neurons in the approximate position of the pC1 cluster important in governing male and female social behavior. Female brains have approximately 20 doublesex (dsx)-expressing neurons within pC1 clusters. Using dsxFLP instead of 357FLP for the intersectional studies, we found that the same 2 to 4 pairs of neurons likely were identified with both. These neurons were cholinergic and showed no immunostaining for other transmitter compounds. Blocking the activation of these neurons blocked the enhancement of aggression.

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