scholarly journals HIV Mother-to-Child Transmission, Mode of Delivery, and Duration of Rupture of Membranes: Experience in the Current Era

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siobhan Mark ◽  
Kellie E. Murphy ◽  
Stanley Read ◽  
Ari Bitnun ◽  
Mark H. Yudin
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Vaginal Birth ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Mother To Child

Objective. To evaluate whether the length of time of rupture of membranes (ROM) in optimally managed HIV-positive women on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with low viral loads (VL) is predictive of the risk of mother to child transmission (MTCT) of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).Study Methods. A retrospective case series of all HIV-positive women who delivered at two academic tertiary centers in Toronto, Canada from January 2000 to November 2010 was completed.Results. Two hundred and ten HIV-positive women with viral loads <1,000 copies/ml delivered during the study period. VL was undetectable (<50 copies/mL) for the majority of the women (167, 80%), and <1,000 copies/mL for all women. Mode of delivery was vaginal in 107 (51%) and cesarean in 103 (49%). The median length of time of ROM was 0.63 hours (range 0 to 77.87 hours) for the entire group and 2.56 hours (range 0 to 53.90 hours) for those who had a vaginal birth. Among women with undetectable VL, 90 (54%) had a vaginal birth and 77 (46%) had a cesarean birth. Among the women in this cohort there were no cases of MTCT of HIV.Conclusions. There was no association between duration of ROM or mode of delivery and MTCT in this cohort of 210 virally suppressed HIV-positive pregnant women.

scholarly journals Prevention of mother-to-child transmission outcomes in the private sector in central Durban

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakira M Cassim ◽  
Julia H Botha
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Black African ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Hiv Exposed ◽  
Mother To Child

The prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programme in the central region of Ethekweni Metro, KwaZulu-Natal (Durban central area), was investigated. Data for all HIV-exposed infants from eight private paediatric practices seen between January 2004 and June 2005 were reviewed retrospectively. One hundred and one black African infants were born to 100 HIV-positive women of average age 30 years. Median viral loads and CD4 counts were 11 391 copies/ml and 426 cells/μl, respectively. Eighty-six women received HAART and 5 had no prophylaxis. Of the 92 infants tested, 2 were HIV positive, giving a transmission rate of 2.2%. Both their mothers had received suboptimal prophylaxis, and if they are excluded, the transmission rate falls to less than 1%, a rate consistent with those in the developed world.

Mother to Child Transmission of HIV; Are We Doing Enough?

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Ahmed Irfan ◽  
Muller Seiglinde ◽  
Saadeh Firas
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Retrospective Audit ◽  
Gestational Age At Delivery ◽  
Mother To Child

ABSTRACT Aim A retrospective audit was conducted from 1st January 1996 to 31st December 2006 to assess the incidence of mother to child transmission of HIV and to assess changing trends over the last 10 years as well as the ethnicity of the patients. Methods All cases of HIV positive women delivered during the time period were considered. Age distribution, marital status women, parity, pregnancy planning, coinfection with Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and Syphilis, gestational age at delivery, duration of rupture of membranes, mode of delivery and sex of the child were analyzed. Babies were followed up with HIV PCR at 6, 12 and 18 months. Results Of a total of 31 cases and 23 mothers, 3 cases were lost to follow-up. From the remaining 28 cases, only one infant tested HIV positive; hence, mother to child transmission rate was 3.6%. Of the 23 mothers, 22 (96%) are of African origin and 1 (4%) is ethnic irish. Most patients were primigravida or para 1. Conclusion The known correlation between the longer duration of rupture of membranes and the increased transmission of HIV was evident in the one case where mother to child transmission took place.

UNMET NEED FOR CONTRACEPTION AMONG HIV-POSITIVE WOMEN IN LESOTHO AND IMPLICATIONS FOR MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIMOTHY ADAIR
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Unmet Need For Contraception

SummaryIn Lesotho, the risk of mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT) of HIV is substantial; women of childbearing age have a high HIV prevalence rate (26·4%), low knowledge of HIV status and a total fertility rate of 3·5 births per woman. An effective means of preventing MTCT is to reduce unwanted fertility. This paper examines the unmet need for contraception to limit and space births among HIV-positive women in Lesotho aged 15–49 years, using the 2004 Lesotho Demographic and Health Survey. HIV-positive women have their need for contraception unmet in almost one-third of cases, and multivariate analysis reveals this unmet need is most likely amongst the poor and amongst those not approving of family planning. Urgent action is needed to lower the level of unmet need and reduce MTCT. A constructive strategy is to improve access to family planning for all women in Lesotho, irrespective of HIV status, and, more specifically, integrate family planning with MTCT prevention and voluntary counselling and testing services.

scholarly journals Predictors of Unmet Need for Family Planning among HIV Positive Women in Care in Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
A. Mohammed ◽  
D. Chiroma ◽  
C. H. Laima ◽  
M. A. Danimoh ◽  
P. A. Odunze
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
P Value ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mother To Child

Background: Elimination of mother-to-child transmission (EMTCT) of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) requires adequate and continuous use of family planning commodities among women of reproductive age. This can be made possible by reducing the proportion of HIV positive women with unmet need for family planning. The study aims to determine the factors associated with having unmet need among women in HIV care. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted using an interviewer administered questionnaire to study 325 women on HIV care. Cluster sampling technique was used to select the study respondents from the clinic. Results: Less than half of the respondents (40%) were currently using family planning, 35% had unmet need for family planning with 53.6% having unmet need for spacing while 46.4% having unmet need for limiting. Women with no history of previous use of family planning were fifteen times more likely to have unmet need for family planning than those with history of previous use of family planning (p value <0.001, CI 2.511-15.770). Also women with more than five deliveries were eight times more likely to have unmet need for family planning (p value 0.004, CI 0.001-0.279) while women with 2-5 deliveries are four times likely to have unmet need for family planning (p value 0.035, CI 0.005-0.832). Conclusion: A high proportion of women receiving ART care still have unmet need for family planning despite incorporating this service in HIV care. It is therefore important to target high risk groups to reduce the proportion of women with unmet need for family planning which will invariable reduce mother to child transmission of HIV.

scholarly journals HIV-Positive Women Taking Lifelong Antiretroviral Therapy Report Better Adherence Than Women Taking Short-Course Prophylaxis During and After Pregnancy Under PMTCT Program Option A in Lusaka, Zambia

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Marie Hampanda, PhD, MPH ◽  
Lisa L. Abuogi, MD, MS ◽  
Yusuf Ahmed, MPH, BM
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Therapy Regimen ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Mother To Child

Background and Objectives: HIV-positive women’s adherence to antiretrovirals is critical for prevention of mother-to-child transmission. We aimed to establish if mothers taking triple lifelong antiretroviral therapy report higher adherence compared to mothers taking short-course prophylaxis under Option A in Lusaka, Zambia.Methods: In this clinic-based cross-sectional study, we interviewed 320 HIV-positive mothers at a large public health facility in Lusaka in 2014. Participants reported adherence using a visual analog scale. Multiple logistic regression models were used to determine the adjusted odds of adherence by mother’s prescribed regimen.Results: Women taking lifelong triple antiretroviral therapy report higher adjusted odds of adherence during pregnancy, postpartum, and to giving the infant prophylaxis compared to women to women taking short-course prophylaxis.Discussion: Women on lifelong therapy may have better adherence compared to women on short course prophylaxis because they knew their positive status for longer or were symptomatic with HIV-related disease. The lifelong therapy regimen may be easier for women to follow, particularly because they are required to give the infant prophylaxis for a shorter duration of time.Conclusions and Global Health Implications: Our results indicate that lifelong triple antiretroviral therapy has the potential to promote better drug adherence during and after pregnancy among women living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa, compared to short-course antiretroviral regimens.Key words: HIV-positive Women • Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission • Antiretroviral Therapy • Adherence • Zambia • Option A • PMTCT • ARTCopyright © 2017 Hampanda et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Significance of social and reproductive factors in mother-to child transmission of HIV

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 50-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariko Alexandrovna Niauri ◽  
Ekaterina Vladimirovna Musatova ◽  
Andrey Viktorovich Kolobov ◽  
Margarita Mihailovna Martirosyan ◽  
Vadim Evgenievich Karev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Group ◽  
Reproductive Factors ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Hiv Positive Mothers ◽  
Pregnancy And Delivery ◽  
Immunohistochemical Methods ◽  
Mother To Child

The retrospective analysis of pregnancy and delivery at 12 HIV-positive mothers who have performed mother-to-child transmission. In reference group — 11 HIV-positive women who have given birth to not-infected children. The study of placentae was done with immunohistochemical methods. For placentae of the infected children decrease of expression of CD31 and CD68 and increase of expression of TGF-в1 was typical. Leading factor in transmission of HIV is absence of ARVT.

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