scholarly journals A Comparison between Young Students with and without Special Needs on Their Understanding of Scientific Concepts

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffie Van Der Steen ◽  
Henderien Steenbeek ◽  
Janna Wielinski ◽  
Paul Van Geert
Keyword(s):  
Special Needs ◽  
Standardized Tests ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Behavioral Difficulties ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Regular Students

This paper examines whether young special needs (SN) students with emotional/behavioral difficulties (age 3–5,n=14) reach lower understanding levels than regular students (age 3–5,n=17) while working on two scientific tasks under a condition of scaffolding (e.g., follow-up questions depending on students' levels of understanding). Understanding was measured microgenetically, per utterance, using a scale related to Skill Theory. Monte Carlo analyses showed that SN students gave more wrong and (the lowest) Level 1 (single sensorimotor set) answers than regular students and fewer answers on (higher) Level 3 (sensorimotor system). However, no difference was found in their mean understanding level and mean number of answers. Both groups also had a comparable number of answers on the highest levels (Levels 4 and 5; single representation and representational mapping). These results do not point to substantial differences in scientific understanding between SN and regular students, as earlier studies using standardized tests have pointed out, and highlight the important role of scaffolding students' understanding. Standardized tests do not seem to indicate the bandwidth of possible scores students show or give an indication of their optimal scores, whereas a gap exists between student's task performance under conditions of individual performance and performance under a condition of support.

scholarly journals Revisiting the Role of Worries in Explaining the Link Between Test Anxiety and Test Performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frieder L. Schillinger ◽  
Jochen A. Mosbacher ◽  
Clemens Brunner ◽  
Stephan E. Vogel ◽  
Roland H. Grabner
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Standardized Tests ◽  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
General Intelligence ◽  
Mathematical Competencies ◽  
And Performance

AbstractThe inverse relationship between test anxiety and test performance is commonly explained by test-anxious students’ tendency to worry about a test and the consequences of failing. However, other cognitive facets of test anxiety have been identified that could account for this link, including interference by test-irrelevant thoughts and lack of confidence. In this study, we compare different facets of test anxiety in predicting test performance. Seven hundred thirty university students filled out the German Test Anxiety Inventory after completing a battery of standardized tests assessing general intelligence and mathematical competencies. Multiple regressions revealed that interference and lack of confidence but not worry or arousal explained unique variance in students’ test performance. No evidence was found for a curvilinear relationship between arousal and performance. The present results call for revisiting the role of worries in explaining the test anxiety-performance link and can help educators to identify students who are especially at risk of underperforming on tests.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF ETHICAL LEADERSHIP IN INCREASING EMPLOYEES' ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AND PERFORMANCE: THE CASE OF HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS

2021 ◽  
pp. 133-146
Author(s):  
Gülay Tamer
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Ethical Leadership ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Normative Commitment ◽  
Variable Model ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Leadership Approaches

Today's organizations are looking for ways to improve the organizational commitment and performance of employees in order to have a qualified workforce and maintain sustainability. Organizational leaders' approach to increasing employee motivation positively affects their organizational commitment and job performance. This research, basically focusing on the health sector, tried to specify the effect of the managers’ ethical approach on employees’ organizational commitments, performances, and the role of organizational commitments in this effect. The sampling was composed of 362 healthcare professionals. In this cross-sectional field study, an independent variable model for the ethical leadership approaches and a dependent variable model for the employees’ performance and commitment to their organizations were practiced. Data was collected through Ethical leadership, Organizational Commitment, and Individual Performance Scales. The data collected were analyzed through SPSS and AMOS package programs. A correlation analysis to specify the relationships between the variables and a regression analysis was done to specify the interaction. In specifying the intermediary role of organizational commitment, Structural Equation Model (SEM) was used. The results of the analyses showed positive significant relationships between ethical leadership approaches and organizational commitment and employees’ performance. It was also observed that ethical leadership approaches had a positive and meaningful effect on affective, continuous and normative commitment, the sub-dimensions of organizational commitment, as well as the employees’ performance. On other important finding is employees’ attendance and normative commitment are highly affected by ethical leadership approaches. As a result, it was specified that ethical leadership approaches by the managers are highly effective on employees’ performance and their commitment. It was also noted that organizational commitment played a mediator role on ethical leadership approaches. These findings were seen to be amicable with findings in previous studies. It is expected that this research will contribute to the literature because it is a holistic model including the relationships between variables.

The Chief Executive Officer

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
Petter Gottschalk
Keyword(s):  
Chief Executive Officer ◽  
Chief Executive ◽  
Chief Information Officer ◽  
Senior Executives ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Ceo Successions ◽  
Level 2

The chief executive officer (CEO) is the only executive at level 1 in the hierarchy of an organization (Carpenter & Wade, 2002). All other executives in the organization are at lower levels. At level 2, we find the most senior executives. Level 3 includes the next tier of executives. In our perspective of promoting the chief information officer (CIO) to be the next CEO, we first have to understand the role of the CEO. Therefore, the first chapter of this book is dedicated to the topic of CEO successions (Zhang & Rajagopalan, 2004).

EORTC 24051: Unexpected side effects of a phase I study of TPF induction chemotherapy (IC) followed by chemoradiation (CRT) with lapatinib (LAP), a dual EGFR/ErbB2 inhibitor, in patients with locally advanced larynx and hypopharynx squamous cell carcinoma (LA-LxHxSCC)

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6017-6017
Author(s):  
P. M. Specenier ◽  
Y. Lalami ◽  
J. Vermorken ◽  
D. Lacombe ◽  
I. El-Hariry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Level ◽  
Renal Toxicity ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Treatment Interruption ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Grade 3

6017 Background: CRT is considered a standard approach for LA-LxHxSCC. TPF IC regimen seems to improve outcome in locally advanced head and neck SCC. The addition of LAP was investigated in combination with a sequential therapeutic approach (IC→ CRT). Methods: Eligible tumors were SCCHN: T3-T4 larynx (Lx), T2-T4 hypopharynx (Hx) N0–3 M0. The objective of this trial is to determine MTD, DLT and recommended dose of LAP when administered with TPF IC (docetaxel (T) 75mg/m2 (60 mg/m2 for the first cycle) d1, CDDP 75mg/m2 d1, 5FU 750mg/m2/d continuous infusion d1-d5 q3weeks) followed by CRT (weekly carboplatin AUC 1.5 and RT 70Gy in 7 weeks; 2Gy/fx). LAP is administered concomitantly with IC (escalating dose 500–1500mg po daily) and during CRT (1,500 mg daily). Results: Seven male patients were included; tumor sites: LX (n = 3) / Hx: (n = 4), median age 59 years (range: 47–79), WHO PS 0–1, no severe or uncontrolled comorbidity. Three pts were included in the first cohort, at dose level 1 (LAP 500 mg daily plus TPF IC). Renal toxicity was observed among these 3 pts (grade 4 [n = 1], grade 2 [n=1] and grade 1 [n=1]), with 1 DLT, leading to treatment interruption in this group. This nephrotoxicity was reversible after stopping lapatinib and hydration of the patients. As LAP plus cisplatinum plus RT was feasible in another study, a second cohort was conducted in 4 pts, receiving LAP at the same dosage, and docetaxel (T) was only introduced from cycle 2 of IC to see what is the role of T in the observed side effect. Two DLTs were observed among this second cohort of subjects: one pt presented a grade 2 renal toxicity, grade 3 diarrhea and dehydration and a second pt presented a grade 3 anorexia and grade 3 stomatitis. Based on the occurrence of 3 DLTs at the first dose level of LAP, patient recruitment was closed. Despite these safety issues, all patients recovered and were treated off-study. They will receive follow-up as foreseen by the protocol. Conclusions: These data suggest that LAP should not be combined with TPF IC regimen for LA-LxHxSCC due to prohibited toxicity. [Table: see text]

The Smithsonian Folklife Festival: Many Auspicious Doors

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty Belanus
Keyword(s):  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Visitor Experience ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Present Level ◽  
Visitor Studies ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Level 2

This chapter uses the 2008 Bhutan program to examine visitor experience and the role of curators in crafting these experiences. Using the suggestive possibilities of a portable Buddhist shrine featured in the program and basing the analysis on 20 years of experience working with the Festival and its evaluation, the author lays out a framework for analyzing four levels of Festival visitor engagement: Level 1—Sensory Cultural Enlightenment/Being Present; Level 2—Choosing a Route/Moving Through; Level 3—Viewing and Taking part in the Live Performance/Active Experiencing; and Level 4—Revealing the Deeper Layers/Discovering More. The chapter concludes with observations about visitor studies relevant to museums as well as festivals.

scholarly journals Revisiting the roles and responsibilities of speech-language therapists in South African schools

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Wium ◽  
Brenda Louw
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Position Statement ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Support Programmes ◽  
Level 2

The role of speech-language therapists (SLTs) in schools in South Africa needs to be revisited based on the changing educational needs in the country. Th is article builds on a paper by Kathard et al. (2011), which discussed the changing needs of the country with regard to the role of SLTs working in schools. South African policy changes indicated a shift from supporting the child to supporting the teacher, but also place more emphasis on the support of all learners in literacy in an eff ort to address past inequities. Th is paper addresses several of the questions that emerged from Kathard et al. and explores the collaborative roles played by SLTs on four levels in the education context. Collaboration at the learner level (level 1) focuses on prevention and support, whereas collaboration at the teacher level (level 2) is described in terms of training, mentoring, monitoring and consultation. Collaboration can also occur at the district level (level 3), where the focus is mainly on the development and implementation of support programmes for teachers in areas of literacy and numeracy. Collaboration at the level of national and provincial education (level 4) is key to all other roles, as it impacts on policy. Th is last level is the platform to advocate for the employment of SLTs in schools. Such new roles and responsibilities have important implications for the preparation of future SLTs. Suggestions for curricular review and professional development are discussed. It is proposed that SASLHA responds to the changes by developing a position statement on the roles and responsibilities of SLTs in schools.

Media in Special Education II: Identification and Assessment Issues

1985 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Peter Hallinan
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Teacher Education ◽  
Special Needs ◽  
Children With Special Needs

AbstractAn earlier article (Hallinan, 1984) introduced the important role of media in teacher education concerning children with special needs. This follow-up article briefly reviews some currently available media in Australia, on the topic of identification and assessment issues in special education.

دور التدريب في تنمية مهارات موظفي قطاع الاتصالات الفلسطينية من وجهة نظر موظفيها شركة الاتصالات الفلسطينية أنموذجا (بالتل)

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-216
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Performance Skills ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Staff Skills

ملخص : هدفت الدراسة إلى معرفة دور التدريب في تنمية مهارات موظفي قطاع الاتصالات الفلسطينية (شركة الاتصالات الفلسطينية أنموذجا “بالتل”) في محافظتي نابلس وجنين، كما هدفت إلى الكشف عن أثر متغيرات: (الجنس، المستوى الوظيفي، الخدمة، المؤهل العلمي) في دور التدريب، وكان الباحثان قد استخدما المنهج الوصفيّ التحليليّ بوصفه منهجية مناسبة لمضامين الدارسة وموضوعها.وغاية الوصول إلى تحقيق أهداف الدراسة، حلّل الباحثان إجابات عينة الدراسة التي مقدارها: (112) موظفًا من المجتمع الأصلي للعينة المنتقاة والبالغة (135) أي: ما نسبته (83%). واعتمد الباحثان في جمع البيانات على أداة الدراسة، التي هي (الاستبانة)، ذلك بعد أن تأكدا من صدق الأداة وثباتها، وتضمنت استبانة الدراسة ثلاثة محاور رئيسة للتدريب، هي: (المهارات المعرفية، والمهارات القيمية والاجتماعية، ومهارات الأداء)، ووظّف الباحثان البرنامج الإحصائي للعلوم الاجتماعية (SPSS) في هذه الدراسة؛ من أجل الإجابة عن أسئلتها وفرضياتها.وكانت الدراسة بعد تحليل استبانتها، وسبر غور مصادرها البحثية ومراجعها العلمية توصلت إلى النتائج الآتية :1. إنّ دور التدريب في تنمية مهارات الموظفين مؤثر وفاعل وكثيرة نتائجه التحسينية في الأداءات الوظيفية؛ إذ بلغ المتوسط الحسابي(3.98).2. لحظ الباحثان أنّ وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى الدلالة الإحصائية (α ≤ 0.05) في دور التدريب على الموظفين؛ يعزى ذلك إلى متغير الجنس والخدمة لديهم، وذلك على المجال الكلي. 3. ولكنّ عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى الدلالة الإحصائية (α ≤ 0.05) في دور التدريب على الموظفين؛ تعزى لمتغير المستوى الوظيفي والمؤهل العلمي.4. وجود علاقة قوية ومؤثرة فاعلة وموجبة عند مستوى الدلالة الإحصائية (α ≤ 0.05) بين كل مجال من مجالات الدراسة، ودور التدريب في تنمية مهارات الموظفين ككل. وبناء على ما مضى ذكره أعلاه، اقترح الباحثان مجموعة من التوصيات، التي تثري دور التدريب، وتعزز من فاعليته على هذه العينة من الموظفين مستقبلا، وذلك بأن تهدف عمليات تدريب الموظفين إلى تطوير قدراتهم الأدائية وتنميتها، ويوصي الباحثان إلى مراقبة أداء الموظف بعد كل برنامج تدريبيّ؛ ليضمن حسن فاعلية البرنامج المعنيّ، وتطويره وفاقاً لنتائج أداءات الموظفين الذين انخرطوا في هذه البرامج التدريبيّة؛ ليتناغم البرنامج وأدواته مع أداء الموظفين. Abstract The study aimed at identifying the role of training in developing staff skills of Palestinian telecommunications company (Patel). (A case study of Patel in Jenin and Nablus Provinces).It also aimed to show the influence of demographic factors (sex, position, experience and Qualification), on training to develop staff skills in (Patel). The researchers used the descriptive approach because it suited the study’s implications and content.Achieve the purpose a sample consisting of (112) staff members of PALTEL in Nablus and Jenin Provinces was selected from PALTEL staff, total ( 135 employees), representing (83%) . The researchers developed a questionnaire as a tool to conduct the study. It contained three main areas of training, namely: cognitive skills, values and social and performance skills. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to test the trends of the respondents in the hypotheses adopted by the study.The study concluded that the role of training in developing skills of Patel staff in Nablus and Jenin Provinces in general was huge and efficient in the improvement process as the average was (3.98). Statistical significance was observed in the area of sex and experience, while no statistical significance was found in the area of position and education.The researchers made recommendations that training should develop staff skills, and pointed to the need to follow up the staff performance after each training.

scholarly journals Mental Strategies Predict Performance and Satisfaction with Performance Among Soccer Players

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Kruk ◽  
Jan Blecharz ◽  
Monika Boberska ◽  
Karolina Zarychta ◽  
Aleksandra Luszczynska
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Emotional Control ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Self Talk ◽  
Predictive Role ◽  
High Level

AbstractThis study investigated the changes in mental strategies across the season and their effects on performance and satisfaction with individual performance. Data were collected three times: at the pre-season at Time 1 (T1; baseline), in the mid-season at Time 2 (T2; two-month follow-up), and at the end-of-season at Time 3 (T3; nine-month follow-up) among male soccer players (N = 97) aged 16-27. Athletes completed the questionnaires assessing the use of nine psychological strategies in competition and the level of satisfaction with individual performance. Endurance performance was measured objectively with a 300 m run. A high level of relaxation (T1) explained better 300 m run performance (T3) and a high level of self-talk explained a higher satisfaction with individual performance (T3). A rare use of distractibility and emotional control (T1) predicted a higher level of satisfaction with individual performance (T3). No predictive role of other psychological strategies was found. The use of emotional control, relaxation, and distractibility increased over the season, whereas the use of imagery and negative thinking declined. Besides the roles of self-talk, imagery, relaxation and goal-setting, the effects of distractibility and emotional control should be taken into account when considering athletes’ mental training programs.

scholarly journals Association between neoangiogenesis after first and second indirect bypass in moyamoya disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peicong Ge ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Xun Ye ◽  
Xingju Liu ◽  
Xiaofeng Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Subtraction Angiography ◽  
Moyamoya Disease ◽  
Digital Subtraction ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Second Surgery ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Level 2

Abstract Background The research on neoangiogenesis after indirect bypass for moyamoya disease (MMD) evaluated by using digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is limited. Our study objective was to investigate association between neoangiogenesis after first indirect bypass and second indirect bypass in MMD.Methods All consecutive inpatients with MMD who received indirect bypass at Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2011 through December 2017 were screened. Bilateral neoangiogenesis was evaluated on lateral views and anteroposterior views by using DSA .Results Twenty-two patients (44 hemispheres) were included in this study. After a median 7.5 months DSA follow-up, On lateral views, 9 (40.9%) hemispheres had grade A, 8 (36.4%) hemispheres had grade B, and 5 (22.7%) hemispheres had grade C after the first procedures; 11 (50.0%) hemispheres had grade A, 7 (31.8%) hemispheres had grade B, and 4 (18.2%) hemispheres had grade C after the second surgery. On anteroposterior views of ECA, 2 (9.1%) hemispheres had level 0, 3 (13.6%) had level 1, 6 (27.3%) had level 2, and 11 (50.0%) had level 3 after the first procedures; 2 (9.1%) hemispheres had level 0, 2 (9.1%) had level 1, 6 (27.3%) had level 2, and 12 (54.6%) had level 3 after second operation. Neovascularization after second operation was strongly associated with the neovascularization after first operation on lateral views (r s =0.770; p=0.000) and the anteroposterior views (r s =0.548; p=0.008).Conclusion Neovascularization after second indirect bypass was strongly associated with neovascularization of first indirect bypass.

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