scholarly journals Cyanobacteria in Coral Reef Ecosystems: A Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Charpy ◽  
B. E. Casareto ◽  
M. J. Langlade ◽  
Y. Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Microbial Mats ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Coral Tissue ◽  
Coral Recruitment ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystems ◽  
Space Occupation ◽  
Coral Reef Lagoons

Cyanobacteria have dominated marine environments and have been reef builders on Earth for more than three million years (myr). Cyanobacteria still play an essential role in modern coral reef ecosystems by forming a major component of epiphytic, epilithic, and endolithic communities as well as of microbial mats. Cyanobacteria are grazed by reef organisms and also provide nitrogen to the coral reef ecosystems through nitrogen fixation. Recently, new unicellular cyanobacteria that express nitrogenase were found in the open ocean and in coral reef lagoons. Furthermore, cyanobacteria are important in calcification and decalcification. All limestone surfaces have a layer of boring algae in which cyanobacteria often play a dominant role. Cyanobacterial symbioses are abundant in coral reefs; the most common hosts are sponges and ascidians. Cyanobacteria use tactics beyond space occupation to inhibit coral recruitment. Cyanobacteria can also form pathogenic microbial consortia in association with other microbes on living coral tissues, causing coral tissue lysis and death, and considerable declines in coral reefs. In deep lagoons, coccoid cyanobacteria are abundant and are grazed by ciliates, heteroflagellates, and the benthic coral reef community. Cyanobacteria produce metabolites that act as attractants for some species and deterrents for some grazers of the reef communities.

scholarly journals Representative benthic habitat mapping on Lovina coral reefs in Northern Bali, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anggita Kartikasari ◽  
TODHI PRISTIANTO ◽  
RIZKI HANINTYO ◽  
EGHBERT ELVAN AMPOU ◽  
TEJA ARIEF WIBAWA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Habitat Mapping ◽  
Benthic Habitat ◽  
Coral Rubble ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystems ◽  
Optical Imagery ◽  
Sentinel 2

Abstract. Kartikasari A, Pristianto T, Hanintyo R, Ampou EE, Wibawa TA, Borneo BB. 2021. Representative benthic habitat mapping on Lovina coral reefs in Northern Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4766-4774. Satellite optical imagery datasets integrated with in situ measurements are widely used to derive the spatial distribution of various benthic habitats in coral reef ecosystems. In this study, an approach to estimate spatial coverage of those habitats based on observation derived from Sentinel-2 optical imagery and a field survey, is presented. This study focused on the Lovina coral reef ecosystem of Northern Bali, Indonesia to support deployment of artificial reefs within the Indonesian Coral Reef Garden (ICRG) programme. Three specific locations were explored: Temukus, Tukad Mungga, and Baktiseraga waters. Spatial benthic habitat coverages of these three waters was estimated based on supervised classification techniques using 10m bands of Sentinel-2 imagery and the medium scale approach (MSA) transect method of in situ measurement.The study indicates that total coverage of benthic habitat is 61.34 ha, 25.17 ha, and 27.88 ha for Temukus, Tukad Mungga, and Baktiseraga waters, respectively. The dominant benthic habitat of those three waters consists of sand, seagrass, coral, rubble, reef slope and intertidal zone. The coral reef coverage is 29.48 ha (48%) for Temukus covered by genus Acropora, Isopora, Porites, Montipora, Pocillopora. The coverage for Tukad Mungga is 8.69 ha (35%) covered by genus Acropora, Montipora, Favia, Psammocora, Porites, and the coverage for Baktiseraga is 11.37 ha (41%) covered by genus Montipora sp, Goniastrea, Pavona, Platygyra, Pocillopora, Porites, Acropora, Leptoseris, Acropora, Pocillopora, Fungia. The results are expected to be suitable as supporting data in restoring coral reef ecosystems in the northern part of Bali, especially in Buleleng District.

scholarly journals Divergence of seafloor elevation and sea level rise in coral reef ecosystems

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1739-1772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly K. Yates ◽  
David G. Zawada ◽  
Nathan A. Smiley ◽  
Ginger Tiling-Range
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Coastal Hazards ◽  
Carbonate Production ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystems ◽  
Study Sites

Abstract. Coral reefs serve as natural barriers that protect adjacent shorelines from coastal hazards such as storms, waves, and erosion. Projections indicate global degradation of coral reefs due to anthropogenic impacts and climate change will cause a transition to net erosion by mid-century. Here, we provide a comprehensive assessment of the combined effect of all of the processes affecting seafloor accretion and erosion by measuring changes in seafloor elevation and volume for five coral reef ecosystems in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Caribbean over the last several decades. Regional-scale mean elevation and volume losses were observed at all five study sites and in 77 % of the 60 individual habitats that we examined across all study sites. Mean seafloor elevation losses for whole coral reef ecosystems in our study ranged from −0.09 to −0.8 m, corresponding to net volume losses ranging from 3.4  ×  106 to 80.5  ×  106 m3 for all study sites. Erosion of both coral-dominated substrate and non-coral substrate suggests that the current rate of carbonate production is no longer sufficient to support net accretion of coral reefs or adjacent habitats. We show that regional-scale loss of seafloor elevation and volume has accelerated the rate of relative sea level rise in these regions. Current water depths have increased to levels not predicted until near the year 2100, placing these ecosystems and nearby communities at elevated and accelerating risk to coastal hazards. Our results set a new baseline for projecting future impacts to coastal communities resulting from degradation of coral reef systems and associated losses of natural and socioeconomic resources.

scholarly journals Abundance of Herbivorous Fish at Fish Apartment in Tangah Island Coastal Waters of Pariaman City, West Sumatera

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Suci Frimanozi ◽  
Indra Junaidi Zakaria ◽  
Jabang Nurdin
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Habitat Quality ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Herbivorous Fish ◽  
Coral Recruitment ◽  
Visual Census ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
And Control ◽  
Reef Condition

Herbivorous fish have an influence on habitat quality and a major factor in determining coral reef community. This herbivorous fish used as indicator of  monitoring refers to reef resilience since of its ability to retain and restore the coral reef condition after disturbance. The presence of herbivores is important in influencing succession of algae, it can reduce and control algae on coral reefs. It’s causes in the availability of space or substrate for corals to recruit. So the research conducted that aims to know the abundance of herbivorous fish in fish apartment as one indicator of monitoring based on endurance. This study had conducted after six months of fish apartment placed in the coastal waters of Tangah Island, Pariaman City, West Sumatra. Then, the observation had done every month for six months in July 2015 - January 2016 at the location of the fish apartment. Observation abundance of herbivorous fish had done by visual census method at fish apartment location. From the results of observations for six months found 10 species of herbivorous fish with total as many as 289 individuals. Zebrasoma scopas is a species with the most individuals than 97 individu. However, to see the effect of herbivorous fish on coral recruitment in fish apartment needs to do further research. Keywords: abundance, herbivorous fish, fish apartment

The scientific issues surrounding remote detection of submerged coral ecosystems

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Holden ◽  
Ellsworth LeDrew
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Global Status ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystems ◽  
Remote Estimation

According to the 1993 colloquium on the ‘Global status of coral reefs', our understanding of the global role of coral reefs is inadequate. To increase our understanding, an accurate large-scale mapping and monitoring programme is necessary. Historically, coastal zones have been mapped using traditional surveying tools such as topographic maps, nautical charts, existing aerial photographs and direct observations. Although less expensive than digital imagery, exclusive use of these traditional tools may not be practical for monitoring large or remote coral reef ecosystems accurately. Researchers are attempting to develop an adequate coral reef mapping system based on digital remote sensing, but are impeded by issues such as effects of the intervening water column and spectral distinction of bottom types. The two variables discussed, which will contribute to our understanding of the global role of coral reefs, are: 1) remote sensing of submerged coral reefs in general; and 2) remote sensing of coral bleaching in particular. A summary of radiative transfer theory is presented and case studies of attempts at mapping remotely the geographic extent and health of submerged ecosystems, as well as a discussion of the remote estimation of water depth and quality. Problems in the translation and delivery of information to the end user are presented, and possible solutions suggested.

scholarly journals Detecting sedimentation impacts to coral reefs resulting from dredging the Port of Miami, Florida USA

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret W Miller ◽  
Jocelyn Karazsia ◽  
Carolyn E Groves ◽  
Sean Griffin ◽  
Tom Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Coral Disease ◽  
Sediment Accumulation ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Coral Tissue ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Monitoring Methods

The federal channel at Port of Miami, Florida, USA, was dredged between late 2013 and early 2015, to widen and deepen the channel. While the precise effects of the dredging on surrounding coral reefs are not well quantified, previously published remote sensing analyses, as well as agency and anecdotal reports suggest the most severe and largest area of sedimentation occurred on a coral reef feature referred to as the Inner Reef, particularly in the sector north of the channel. A regional warm-water mass bleaching event followed by a coral disease outbreak during this same time frame confounded the assessment of dredging-related impacts to coral reefs adjacent to the federal channel. In-water field assessments conducted after the completion of dredging and a time series analysis of tagged corals photographed pre-, during, and post-dredging, are used to discern dredging-related sedimentation impacts for the Inner Reef north. Results indicate increased sediment accumulation, severe in certain times and places, and an associated biological response, including significantly greater proportion of live coral tissue loss, occurred within coral reef sites located closer to the channel. Dredging projects near valuable and sensitive habitats subject to local and global stressors require monitoring methods capable of discerning non-dredging related impacts and adaptive management to ensure predicted and unpredicted project-related impacts are quantified. Anticipated increasing frequency and intensity of warming stress also suggests that manageable- but- unavoidable local stressors such as dredging should be partitioned from the warmest times of year.

scholarly journals Potensi Ekosistem Terumbu Karang Untuk Pengembangan Ekowisata di Perairan Pulau Sintok Taman Nasional Karimunjawa

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-385
Author(s):  
Maulana Cahya Widhiatmoko ◽  
Hadi Endrawati ◽  
Nur Taufiq-SPJ
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Suitability Index ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystems

ABSTRAK: Ekosistem terumbu karang merupakan habitat berbagai biota laut bernilai ekonomis tinggi. Ekowisata merupakan perjalanan wisata ke wilayah alami maupun buatan dengan tujuan konservasi untuk menjamin kelestarian alam dan sosial- budaya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui potensi biofisik terumbu karang untuk pengembangan ekowisata serta mengetahui analisis strategi pengembangan ekowisata terumbu karang di Pulau Sintok Karimunjawa. Pengamatan biofisik ekosistem terumbu karang dilakukan menggunakan metode LIT atau Line Transect. Data yang didapat dianalisis menggunakan indeks kesesuaian ekowisata selam dan analisis SWOT. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa tutupan karang hidup di Pulau Sintok pada keempat titik pengambilan berkisar antara 30-82%. Berdasarkan analisis kesesuaian ekowisata, kawasan perairan Pulau Sintok memiliki nilai IKW (Indeks Kesesuaian Wisata) >50 – 83% dimana nilai 50% - < 80% termasuk kedalam kelas (S2) atau suitable dan nilai IKW 83% termasuk ke dalam kategori (S1) atau sangat sesuai untuk dijadikan sebagai ekowisata terumbu karang kategori selam. Analisis strategi pengelolaan kawasan pengembangan ekowisata di perairan Pulau Sintok adalah dengan :  pengelolaan kawasan terumbu karang sebagai ekowisata secara optimal, perlunya upaya pencegahan kerusakan ekosistem terumbu karang untuk dijadikan kawasan ekowisata, pengembangan sistem informasi serta meningkatkan sarana prasarana pengelolaan ekowisata, dan Penegakkan hukum dan peraturan perundang-undangan demi penerapan pengelolaan terumbu karang secara lestari. ABSTRACT: The coral reef ecosystems are habitats for various marine biota, which have a high economic value. Coral reef ecosystems provide merits to support the marine tourism industry for foreign exchange earnings. They also provide significant employment and business opportunities. Coral reef ecosystems which have a good condition can be developed into coral reef ecotourism. Ecotourism is a tour to natural and artificial areas with the purpose of conservation to ensure the natural and socio-cultural sustainability. The purpose of this research is to find out the biophysical potential of the coral reefs for the development of ecotourism, and to perceive the analysis of the development strategy of coral reef ecotourism in Sintok Island, Karimunjawa. The biophysical observation of coral reef ecosystems is conducted with LIT or Line Transect method. The data obtained is analyzed using ecotourism suitability index and SWOT analysis. The result of this research shows that living coral cover on Sintok Island at the four taking points ranged from 30-82%. According to the analysis of ecotourism suitability, Sintok Island waters area has IKW value (Tourism Suitability Index) >50-83%. The value of 50%-<80% belongs to the class (S2) or suitable, and the IKW value of 83% belongs to the category (S1) or very suitable to be used as coral reef ecotourism category. The analysis of the management strategy of ecotourism development area in Sintok Island waters are as follows: (1) The optimal management of coral reef area as ecotourism, (2) The prevention of coral reef ecosystems from damage, (3) The development of information system, as well as the enhancement of ecotourism management infrastructure, and (4) The enforcement of laws and regulations for the sake of coral reefs’ sustainable management.

scholarly journals Diversitas Echinodermata di Pantai Meras Kecamatan Bunaken Sulawesi Utara (Diversity of Echinoderms on the Meras Beach, Bunaken District, North Sulawesi)

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Billy R Rompis ◽  
Marnix LD Langoy ◽  
Deidy Y Katili ◽  
Adelfia Papu
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Food Webs ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Sea Grass ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystems ◽  
Line Transects ◽  
Total Species

Abstrak Echinodermata berperan penting pada ekosistem terumbu karang sebagai bagian dari jejaring makanan. Mereka dapat bersifat herbivora, karnivora, dan/atau omnivora. Kerusakan terumbu karang di Pantai Meras akhir-akhir ini dapat mengancam Echinodermata. Informasi tentang diversitas Echinodermata di Pantai Meras masih sedikit. Oleh karena itu, penelitian tentang diversitas Echinodermata perlu dilakukan di Pantai Meras, Kecamatan Bunaken, Sulawesi Utara. Pengambilan sampel pada tiap lokasi dilakukan pada saat surut terendah dengan menarik 3 garis transek (masing-masing 100 meter) secara vertikal dari garis pantai ke arah laut. Petak kuadrat (1 x 1 meter) diletakkan dengan jarak antar kuadrat yaitu 10 meter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Echinodermata hidup pada habitat padang lamun, pasir dan terumbu karang baik yang hidup maupun mati. Total species yang ditemukan yaitu 8 spesies yang termasuk anggota dari 3 kelas. Kelas Asteroidea (bintang laut) sebanyak 3 spesies, Echinoidea sebanyak 4 spesies dan Kelas Holothuroidea sebanyak 1 spesies. Diversitas Echinodermata di Pantai Meras adalah antara rendah hingga sedang dengan nilai indeks diversitas Shannon-Wiener (H’) berkisar antara 0,48 – 1,31. Kata kunci: Diversitas Echinodermata, Pantai Meras, Sulawesi Utara Abstract Echinoderms have important role in coral reef ecosystems as part of the food webs. They may be herbivores, carnivores, and/or omnivores. Coral reefs destruction in Meras Beach lately can threaten Echinoderms. There was little information about Echinoderms diversity of Meras Beach. Therefore, research on Echinoderms diversity needs to be done on the Meras Beach, Bunaken District, North Sulawesi. Sampling was carried out at each location at the lowest tide. There were 3 line transects (each 100 meters) located vertically from the shoreline towards the sea. The square plots (1 x 1 meter) placed distance between plots was 10 meters. The results showed that Echinoderms occupied different habitat i.e. sea grass, sand, live and/or coral reefs. Total species found 8 species belong to members of the 3 classes. Asteroidea Class (starfish),  Echinoidea Class and Holothuroidea were respectively 3 species, 4 species and 1 species. Echinoderms diversity on the Meras Beach were low to moderate with Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H ') was 0.48 to 1.31. Keywords: Echinodermata diversity, Meras Beach, North Sulawesi Rompis dkk., Distribusi Echinodermata …. 27PENDAHULUAN

scholarly journals Digging for DNA at depth: rapid universal metabarcoding surveys (RUMS) as a tool to detect coral reef biodiversity across a depth gradient

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph D. DiBattista ◽  
James D. Reimer ◽  
Michael Stat ◽  
Giovanni D. Masucci ◽  
Piera Biondi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Indicator Species ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Depth Gradient ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystems ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms

Background Effective biodiversity monitoring is fundamental in tracking changes in ecosystems as it relates to commercial, recreational, and conservation interests. Current approaches to survey coral reef ecosystems center on the use of indicator species and repeat surveying at specific sites. However, such approaches are often limited by the narrow snapshot of total marine biodiversity that they describe and are thus hindered in their ability to contribute to holistic ecosystem-based monitoring. In tandem, environmental DNA (eDNA) and next-generation sequencing metabarcoding methods provide a new opportunity to rapidly assess the presence of a broad spectrum of eukaryotic organisms within our oceans, ranging from microbes to macrofauna. Methods We here investigate the potential for rapid universal metabarcoding surveys (RUMS) of eDNA in sediment samples to provide snapshots of eukaryotic subtropical biodiversity along a depth gradient at two coral reefs in Okinawa, Japan based on 18S rRNA. Results Using 18S rRNA metabarcoding, we found that there were significant separations in eukaryotic community assemblages (at the family level) detected in sediments when compared across different depths ranging from 10 to 40 m (p = 0.001). Significant depth zonation was observed across operational taxonomic units assigned to the class Demospongiae (sponges), the most diverse class (contributing 81% of species) within the phylum Porifera; the oldest metazoan phylum on the planet. However, zonation was not observed across the class Anthozoa (i.e., anemones, stony corals, soft corals, and octocorals), suggesting that the former may serve as a better source of indicator species based on sampling over fine spatial scales and using this universal assay. Furthermore, despite their abundance on the examined coral reefs, we did not detect any octocoral DNA, which may be due to low cellular shedding rates, assay sensitivities, or primer biases. Discussion Overall, our pilot study demonstrates the importance of exploring depth effects in eDNA and suggest that RUMS may be applied to provide a baseline of information on eukaryotic marine taxa at coastal sites of economic and conservation importance.

scholarly journals Kondisi Terkini Presentase Tutupan Terumbu Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Gili Air, Taman Wisata Perairan Gili Matra, Nusa Tenggara Barat

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-247
Author(s):  
Nurliah Buhari ◽  
Mahardika Rizqi Himawan ◽  
Edwin Jefri ◽  
Paryono Paryono ◽  
Ibadur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Core Zone ◽  
Biological Targets ◽  
The Core ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystems

Gili Matra Aquatic Tourism Park has two conservation targets, namely biological targets and social, cultural and economic targets. Coral reef ecosystems, apart from being a conservation target, are also an attraction for tourists to visit. This research was conducted to determine the condition of the coral reef ecosystem to be used as the basis for the management of conservation areas. The research was conducted by collecting coral reef data either through surveys or secondary data from the results of previous studies. Coral reef survey using the standard Line Intercept Transect method. The survey results show that the condition of coral reefs in the utilization zone is better than the core zone. Live coral cover in the utilization zone reached 71% so it was categorized as good, while in the core zone it only reached 8% so it was categorized as bad. Coral reefs in the core zone are unable to recover even though the number of tourists has decreased during the Covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, the location of the core zone on Gili Air needs to be evaluated further so that the effectiveness of Gili Matra TWP management can be improved.  Key words: coral reefs; Gili Matra; Conservation

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document