scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Interleukin-19 in Vascular Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross N. England ◽  
Michael V. Autieri
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Western World ◽  
Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Rational Therapy ◽  
Health And Disease

Despite aggressive dietary modification, lipid-lowering medications, and other interventional medical therapy, vascular disease continues to be a leading cause of mortality in the western world. It is a significant medical and socioeconomic problem contributing to mortality of multiple diseases including myocardial infarction, stroke, renal failure, and peripheral vascular disease. Morbidity and mortality of vascular disease are expected to worsen with the increasing number of patients with comorbid conditions such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus type 2. Vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, restenosis, and allograft vasculopathy are recognized to be driven by inflammation, and as such, cytokines which mediate inflammation not only represent important targets of rational therapy, but also can be considered as possible therapeutic modalities themselves. In this paper, we will examine the role of inflammatory cytokines and lymphocyteTh1/Th2 polarity in vascular inflammation, with a focus on atherosclerotic vascular disease. We will then introduce a recently describedTh2 interleukin, interleukin-19 (IL-19), as a previously unrecognized mediator of vascular inflammatory disorders. We will review our current understanding of this interleukin in health and disease and present the possibility that IL-19 could represent a potential therapeutic to combat vascular inflammatory disease.

The Effects of Angiotensin II Infusion on the Mechanical Response and Microstructural Organization of Mouse Aorta

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren Haskett ◽  
Marie Fouts ◽  
Urs Utzinger ◽  
Doug Larson ◽  
Mohamad Azhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
The United States ◽  
Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease ◽  
Thoracic And Abdominal ◽  
Aortic Remodeling

Vascular diseases such as aneurysm and aortic dissection account for almost 16,000 deaths in the United States annually. In both of these diseases vascular inflammation is a common pathogenic factor. Another common pathologic feature of vascular disease includes structural matrix remodeling. It is also increasingly believed that inflammation may play a key role in the formation and progression of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Angiotensin II (AngII), a potent vasopressor, is also a strong inducer of vascular inflammation and aortic remodeling in atherosclerosis-prone mice. Based on this knowledge studies have been conducted using subcutaneous AngII infusion in order to produce aortic remodeling and aneurysm formation, with acute thoracic and abdominal aortic dissections [1].

scholarly journals Long Non-Coding RNA in Vascular Disease and Aging

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diewertje Bink ◽  
Noelia Lozano-Vidal ◽  
Reinier Boon
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Cardiovascular diseases are the most prominent cause of death in Western society, especially in the elderly. With the increasing life expectancy, the number of patients with cardiovascular diseases will rise in the near future, leading to an increased healthcare burden. There is a need for new therapies to treat this growing number of patients. The discovery of long non-coding RNAs has led to a novel group of molecules that could be considered for their potential as therapeutic targets. This review presents an overview of long non-coding RNAs that are regulated in vascular disease and aging and which might therefore give insight into new pathways that could be targeted to diagnose, prevent, and/or treat vascular diseases.

Immunology of the vessel wall

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran K. Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Vascular Disease

This chapter provides an overview of the vascular wall and its cells from an immunological point of view, discusses the capacity of vascular cells to promote and regulate immune responses, and outlines interactions between the vasculature and the immune system in health and disease. The role of immune mechanisms in vascular diseases is discussed, with a focus on atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory vascular disease.

Effects of Gentiana lutea root on vascular diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordana Joksic ◽  
Djordje Radak ◽  
Emina Sudar-Milovanovic ◽  
Milan Obradovic ◽  
Jelena Radovanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Electronic Database ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Gentiana Lutea ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Gentiana lutea (GL), commonly known as yellow gentian, bitter root, and bitterwort, belongs to family Gentianaceae. GL belongs to genus Gentiana, which is a rich natural source of iridoids, secoiridoids, xantones, flavonoids, triterpenoids, and carbohydrates. Medicinal plants from Gentiana species have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-mitogenic, anti-proliferative, and lipid-lowering effects, as well as a cardioprotective, hypotensive, vasodilator and anti-platelet activities. Objective: We reviewed the recent literature related to the effects of Gentiana species, and their active components on vascular diseases. Methods: Data used for this review were obtained by searching the electronic database [PUBMED/MEDLINE 1973 - February 2020]. The primary data search terms of interest were: Gentiana lutea, Gentienacea family, phytochemistry, vascular diseases, treatment of vascular diseases, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic. Conclusion: Gentiana species and their constituents affect many different factors related to vascular disease development and progression. Therefore, Gentiana-based therapeutics represent potentially useful drugs for the management of vascular diseases.

Endothelial Dysfunction and Inflammatory Markers of Vascular Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevket Balta
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Willebrand Factor

: Vascular diseases are the main reason for morbidity and mortality worldwide. As we know, the earlier phase of vascular diseases is endothelial dysfunction in humans, the endothelial tissues play an important role in inflammation, coagulation, and angiogenesis, via organizing ligand-receptor associations and the various mediators’ secretion. We can use many inflammatory non-invasive tests (flowmediated dilatation, epicedial fat thickness, carotid-intima media thickness, arterial stiffness and anklebrachial index) for assessing the endothelial function. In addition, many biomarkers (ischemia modified albumin, pentraxin-3, E-selectin, angiopoietin, endothelial cell specific molecule 1, asymmetrical dimethylarginine, von Willebrand factor, endothelial microparticles and endothelial progenitor cells) can be used to evaluate endothelial dysfunction. We have focused on the relationship between endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory markers of vascular disease in this review.

Standard and intensive lipid-lowering therapy with statins for the primary prevention of vascular diseases: a population-based study

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Macías Saint-Gerons ◽  
C. de la Fuente Honrubia ◽  
D. Montero Corominas ◽  
M. J. Gil ◽  
F. de Andrés-Trelles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Lipid Lowering Therapy ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Lowering Therapy

scholarly journals Reduction of Vascular Inflammation, LDL-C, or Both for the Protection from Cardiovascular Events?

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andromachi Reklou ◽  
Michael Doumas ◽  
Konstantinos Imprialos ◽  
Konstantinos Stavropoulos ◽  
Dimitris Patoulias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Human Antibody ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Expensive Drug ◽  
Arterial Inflammation

Background: Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and low grade arterial inflammation are key pathogenic factors for atherosclerosis and its manifestation, cardiovascular disease (CVD). Objective: In this narrative review we assessed if decreasing LDL-C levels or inflammation or both is more effective in reducing CVD events. Results: In the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S), all statin trials of the 90s’ and the Further Cardiovascular Outcomes Research with PCSK9 Inhibition in Subjects with Elevated Risk (FOURIER) the benefit came from the LDL-C reduction. In the GREak and Atorvastatin Coronary heart disease Evaluation (GREACE), the Treating to New Targets (TNT), and the Justification for the Use of Statins in Prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin (JUPITER) trials both mechanisms in combination produced significant benefits. In the Atorvastatin for Reduction of MYocardial Damage during Angioplasty (ARMYDA) trials and the Canakinumab Antiinflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study (CANTOS) with a human antibody targeting IL-1β with no lipid lowering effect, the reduction in arterial inflammation played the only beneficial role because there was no change in lipids levels. Conclusion: Both LDL-C and inflammation reduction are beneficial to the reduction of CVD risk. However, canakinumab is a very expensive drug that only induced a 15% reduction in CVD events, thus drastically reducing the possibility for it to be used in clinical practice. Besides, canakinumab is associated with increased infections, some fatal. A potent statin with anti-inflammatory effects is probably the best choice for the majority of those needing hypolipidaemic drug therapy.

Oxidized ApoC1 on MALDI-TOF and glycated-ApoA1 band on gradient gel as potential diagnostic tools for atherosclerotic vascular disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 420 ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiz-Tzung Chang ◽  
Hsin-Yi Liao ◽  
Chia-Ming Chang ◽  
Chia-Ying Chen ◽  
Chu-Huang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease ◽  
Maldi Tof

scholarly journals The Epigenome in Atherosclerosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Costantino ◽  
Francesco Paneni
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Posttranslational Modifications ◽  
Epigenetic Modifications ◽  
Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease ◽  
Biological Regulation ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Epigenetic Biomarkers ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Vascular Oxidative Stress

AbstractEmerging evidence suggests the growing importance of “nongenetic factors” in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Indeed, the inherited genome determines only part of the risk profile as genomic approaches do not take into account additional layers of biological regulation by “epi”-genetic changes. Epigenetic modifications are defined as plastic chemical changes of DNA/histone complexes which critically affect gene activity without altering the DNA sequence. These modifications include DNA methylation, histone posttranslational modifications, and non-coding RNAs and have the ability to modulate gene expression at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional level. Notably, epigenetic signals are mainly induced by environmental factors (i.e., pollution, smoking, noise) and, once acquired, may be transmitted to the offspring. The inheritance of adverse epigenetic changes may lead to premature deregulation of pathways involved in vascular damage and endothelial dysfunction. Here, we describe the emerging role of epigenetic modifications as fine-tuners of gene transcription in atherosclerosis. Specifically, the following aspects are described in detail: (1) discovery and impact of the epigenome in cardiovascular disease, (2) the epigenetic landscape in atherosclerosis; (3) inheritance of epigenetic signals and premature vascular disease; (4) epigenetic control of lipid metabolism, vascular oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis; (5) epigenetic biomarkers in patients with atherosclerosis; (6) novel therapeutic strategies to modulate epigenetic marks. Understanding the individual epigenetic profile may pave the way for new approaches to determine cardiovascular risk and to develop personalized therapies to treat atherosclerosis and its complications.

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