scholarly journals Comparative Effects of Er-Xian Decoction,EpimediumHerbs, and Icariin with Estrogen on Bone and Reproductive Tissue in Ovariectomized Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liming Xue ◽  
Yin Wang ◽  
Yiping Jiang ◽  
Ting Han ◽  
Yan Nie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Reproductive Tissue ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Menopausal Syndrome ◽  
Treatment Of Osteoporosis ◽  
Superior Efficacy ◽  
Ovx Rats

Er-Xian Decoction (EXD),Epimediumherbs (herbs ofEpimedium brevicornumMaxim, EBH), and icariin (ICA) have been proven to have estrogen-like and antiosteoporotic activity and are used for the treatment of osteoporosis, menopausal syndrome, and age-associated diseases. The present study found that EXD, EBH, and ICA treatments, emulating estrogen, significantly contributed to bone density and architecture in OVX rats and that EXD is similar to estrogen and exerts a concomitant effect on bone formation and bone resorption at the tissue level, while EBH and ICA produced bone-protective effects mainly by inhibiting bone resorption. Nevertheless, EXD, EBH, and ICA treatments manifested a fewer adverse effects on the uterus, mammary gland, and vagina compared to estrogen administrations. Among the EXD, EBH, and ICA, EXD was found to have superior efficacy and safety profile.

scholarly journals Testosterone enhances estradiol's cardioprotection in ovariectomized rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 212 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiying Liu ◽  
Liping Gao ◽  
Shoulei Kang ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Chuanying Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Myocytes ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Testosterone Replacement ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Ovx Rats ◽  
Ldh Release

After menopause, the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is due not only to estrogen decline but also to androgen decline. This study examined the effects of either estradiol (E2) or testosterone replacement alone or E2–testosterone combination on isolated myocytes in ovariectomized (Ovx) rats subjected to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Furthermore, we determined whether the effects are associated with β2-adrenoceptor (β2-AR). Five groups of adult female Sprague–Dawley rats were used: Sham operation (Sham) rats, bilateral Ovx rats, Ovx rats with E2 40 μg/kg per day (Ovx+E), Ovx rats with testosterone 150 μg/kg per day (Ovx+T), and Ovx rats with E2 40 μg/kg per day+testosterone 150 μg/kg per day (Ovx+E/T). We determined the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, percentage of rod-shaped cells and apoptosis of ventricular myocytes from rats of all groups subjected to I/R. Then, we determined the above indices and contractile function with or without a selective β2-AR antagonist ICI 118 551. We also determined the expression of β2-AR. Our data show that either E2 or testosterone replacement alone or E2 and testosterone in combination decreased the LDH release, increased the percentage of rod-shaped cells, reduced apoptotic cells (%), and combination treatment appeared to be more effective than either E2 or testosterone replacement alone. ICI 118 551 abolished the effects of the three. Combination supplementation also enhanced the expression of β2-AR. We concluded that in Ovx rats, testosterone enhances E2's cardioprotection, while E2 and testosterone in combination was more effective and the protective effects may be associated with β2-AR. The study highlights the potential therapeutic application for CVD in postmenopausal women.

scholarly journals Effects of Isoliquiritigenin on Bone Metabolism and Uterus in Ovariectomized Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 469-469
Author(s):  
Lara Sattgast ◽  
Carmen Wong ◽  
Daniel Doerge ◽  
William Helferich ◽  
Urszula Iwaniec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Osteoclast Differentiation ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Uterine Epithelial Cell ◽  
Ovx Rats

Abstract Objectives Isoliquiritigenin (ILQ) is a phenolic compound found in licorice and is a popular dietary supplement. ILQ exhibits model-specific antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and estrogenic activities. Limited data suggest the potential of ILQ to prevent or treat osteoporosis. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of short-duration treatment with ILQ on bone and uterine tissue in estrogen-deplete ovariectomized (ovx) rats. The uterus was important to evaluate because ILQ stimulates proliferation of MCF7 breast cancer cells through an estrogen receptor-dependent mechanism. Methods Six-week-old rats (ovx'd at 4 weeks of age) were fed diets containing 0, 100, 250 or 750 ppm ILQ (n = 5/treatment) for 1 week and sacrificed. Gene expression in femur and uterus, blood markers of global bone turnover, body composition, and uterine weight and epithelial cell height were determined. In addition, the effect of ILQ on in vitro differentiation of osteoclasts derived from bone marrow was assessed. Results Treatment resulted in a dose-dependent increase in serum ILQ with levels reaching 2.4 ± 0.2 mM in rats receiving the highest dose. ILQ did not alter serum levels of osteocalcin, a global marker of bone formation, or osteocalcin gene expression in femur. Additionally, there was little or no effect of ILQ on genes related to osteoblast differentiation or activity in femur. These largely null findings contrast with a reduction in serum CTX, a global marker of bone resorption, at all dose levels of ILQ. At the gene level, ILQ resulted in lower mRNA for genes related to osteoclast differentiation and function in femur, including Acp5 (tartrate resistant acid phosphatase), Timp2 and Mmp2, and suppressed osteoclast differentiation in vitro. ILQ had no effect on the ovx-induced increase in body weight. Ovx resulted in lower uterine weight. Treatment with ILQ at 750 ppm resulted in development of severe uterine epithelial cell hyperplasia in two of five animals. Conclusions ILQ supplementation led to reduced biochemical and gene expression markers of bone resorption in vivo and reduced osteoclast differentiation in vitro without increasing estrogen-dependent gene expression. However, the potential benefits must be weighed against potential detrimental off-target effects, including uterine hypertrophy. Funding Sources NIH [P50AT006268].

scholarly journals Prenylated Isoflavonoids-Rich Extract of Erythrinae Cortex Exerted Bone Protective Effects by Modulating Gut Microbial Compositions and Metabolites in Ovariectomized Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2943
Author(s):  
Hui-Hui Xiao ◽  
Xueli Yu ◽  
Chen Yang ◽  
Chi-On Chan ◽  
Lu Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Microarchitecture ◽  
Cathepsin K ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Ovx Rats

Flavonoids, found in a wide variety of foods and plants, are considered to play an important role in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Our previous studies demonstrated that Erythrina cortex extract (EC) rich in prenylated isoflavonoids exerted bone protective effects in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The present study aimed to investigate the interactions of gut microbiota with the EC extract to explore the underlying mechanisms involved in its beneficial effects on bone. Sprague-Dawley female rats of 3-months-old were ovariectomized and treated with EC extract for 12 weeks. EC extract reversed ovariectomy-induced deterioration of bone mineral density and bone microarchitecture as well as downregulated cathepsin K (Ctsk) and upregulated runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the tibia of OVX rats. Its protective effects on bone were correlated with changes in microbial richness and the restorations of several genera. EC increased the serum circulating levels of acetate and propionate in OVX rats. We conclude that the bone protective effects of EC extract were associated with the changes in microbial compositions and serum short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in OVX rats.

scholarly journals Raloxifene Ameliorates Glucosamine-Induced Insulin Resistance in Ovariectomized Rats

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1114
Author(s):  
Chung-Hwan Chen ◽  
Tsung-Lin Cheng ◽  
Chi-Fen Chang ◽  
Hsuan-Ti Huang ◽  
Sung-Yen Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Cell Dysfunction ◽  
Induce Insulin Resistance ◽  
Ovx Rats

Osteoarthritis (OA) and osteoporosis (OP) are common among older women, especially postmenopausal women. Glucosamine (GlcN) is a common medication for OA, but it may induce insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction, especially if ovarian hormones are lacking. Raloxifene (RLX) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator and also an OP drug. Previously, we found that estrogen could improve GlcN-induced insulin resistance in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Here, we further hypothesized that RLX, similarly to estrogen, can ameliorate GlcN-induced insulin resistance in OVX rats. We used GlcN to induce insulin resistance in OVX rats as a model for evaluating the protective effects of RLX in vivo. We used a pancreatic β-cell line, MIN-6, to study the mechanisms underlying the effect of RLX in GlcN-induced β-cell dysfunction in vitro. Increases in fasting plasma glucose, insulin, and homeostasis model assessments of insulin resistance in OVX Sprague Dawley rats treated with GlcN were reversed by RLX treatment (n = 8 in each group). Skeletal muscle GLUT-4 increased, liver PEPCK decreased, pancreatic islet hypertrophy, and β-cell apoptosis in OVX rats treated with GlcN was ameliorated by RLX. The negative effects of GlcN on insulin secretion and cell viability in MIN-6 cells were related to the upregulation of reticulum (ER) stress-associated proteins (C/EBP homologous protein, phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase, phospho-c-JunN-terminal kinase), the expression of which was reduced by RLX. Pretreatment with estrogen receptor antagonists reversed the protective effects of RLX. GlcN can induce insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, and apoptosis in OVX rats and increase ER stress-related proteins in β-cells, whereas RLX can reverse these adverse effects. The effects of RLX act mainly through estrogen receptor α; therefore, RLX may be a candidate drug for postmenopausal women with OA and OP.

scholarly journals Combined Extracts of Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi Rebalance Bone Remodeling in Ovariectomized Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yuheng Chen ◽  
Xiaoxi Li ◽  
Xiufeng Tang ◽  
Yingying Gao ◽  
Ping Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Fructus Ligustri Lucidi ◽  
Maximal Load ◽  
Ovx Rats ◽  
Herba Epimedii

This study aimed to investigate the osteoprotective effect and the possible molecular mechanisms of the combined extracts of Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi on postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP). Forty-eight female SD rats were sham-operated (Sham, n = 8) or ovariectomized (OVX, n = 40). Then after a week, OVX rats were divided randomly into five groups (n = 8 in each group): OVX, extracts of Herba Epimedii (HE, 0.35 g/kg), extracts of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi (FLL, 0.35 g/kg), combined extracts of HE and FLL (HE & FLL, 0.20 g/kg HE plus 0.15 g/kg FLL), and Raloxifene hydrochloride (RH, 6.25 mg/kg) groups. All groups were administered once daily for 12 weeks. Indicators related to bone remodeling were detected, including estradiol (E2), bone mineral density (BMD), maximal load, ultimate deflection, micro-CT properties, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in serum and bone, and the protein and mRNA expression of bone turnover markers (RANKL, M-CSF, Wnt5a, Atp6v0d2, OPG, IGF-1, TGF-β1, and Bmp-2). Results showed that the combined extracts could increase serum E2 levels and BMD, enhance bone strength, reserve bone microstructure degeneration, promote bone formation, and inhibit bone resorption through upregulating the mRNA and protein expression of OPG, IGF-1, TGF-β1, and Bmp-2, while downregulating RANKL, M-CSF, Wnt5a, and Atp6v0d2. These findings demonstrated that the combined extracts of Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi with bone protective effects on OVX rats might be an alternative medicine for the treatment of PMOP.

scholarly journals Genistein Modulated Lipid Metabolism, Hepatic PPARγ, and Adiponectin Expression in Bilateral Ovariectomized Rats with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Sudaporn Pummoung ◽  
Duangporn Werawatganon ◽  
Maneerat Chayanupatkul ◽  
Naruemon Klaikeaw ◽  
Prasong Siriviriyakul
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Hepatocyte Apoptosis ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Ovx Rats

The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of genistein on lipid accumulation and apoptosis in estrogen deficient rats with NASH. Female Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 48) were divided into ovariectomized (OVX) and non-OVX groups. Each group was then sub-divided into 3 subgroups; control, NASH (rats fed with a high-fat, high-fructose (HFHF) diet), and NASH+Gen (rats fed with HFHF diet plus daily genistein at 16 mg/kg BW). Results showed that HFHF diet induced liver fat accumulation in both non-OVX and OVX rats, which was evidenced by hepatic steatosis on liver pathology and increased hepatic free fatty acid (FFA) and triglyceride levels. Hepatic fat accumulation was significantly more severe in NASH rats with OVX than non-OVX. Hepatocyte apoptosis was more severe in NASH groups compared with that in control groups. Genistein administration significantly improved histopathology of NASH in both non-OVX and OVX rats and attenuated hepatic lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and hepatocyte apoptosis. Genistein also down-regulated PPARγ and up-regulated adiponectin expression. In summary, NASH could be worsened by estrogen deficiency, indicating the protective action of estrogen on NASH. Genistein administration alleviated hepatic steatosis and apoptosis through the down-regulation of PPARγ and up-regulation of adiponectin expression.

scholarly journals Regenerative role of Genistein treatment on Fibrotic and inflammatory Biomarkers Alteration in the Lung of Estrogen deficient Rats 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faeze Daghigh ◽  
Masoumeh Majidi Zolbin ◽  
Pouran Karimi ◽  
Alireza Alihemmati ◽  
Nasser Ahmadiasl
Keyword(s):  
Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Estrogen Deficiency ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Ovx Rats ◽  
Genistein Treatment ◽  
Blotting Technique ◽  
Histomorphological Changes

Abstract Background Phytoestrogens are suggested to have estrogenic effects in the pulmonary system and have been revealed with a few adverse side effects. In this study, we tried to investigate the effect of genistein treatment on estrogen deficiency-induced lung injury and demonstrating whether genistein supplementation could replace estrogen hormone in postmenopausal women. Methods Forty adult female rats were divided into four groups; sham: rats that underwent surgery without ovariectomy, OVX: rats that underwent ovariectomies, OVX.E: ovariectomized rats with eight weeks period of estrogen treatment (20µg/kg/day), OVX.Gen: ovariectomized rats with eight week period of genistein treatment (1mg/kg/day). At the end of the experiment, lung tissue was removed and inflammatory and fibrotic biomarkers were evaluated with western blotting technique. Hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical staining were used to evaluate histomorphological changes in the lung tissue. Results Genistein treatment restored ERK1/2, TGFβ1, MMP2, and IL1β, Bcl-2, and caspase3 expression levels, implying the effectiveness of genistein supplementation in targeting estrogen deficiency symptoms. Conclusions Genistein supplementation exerted protective effects against ovariectomy-induced lung injury with reducing inflammation and fibrosis, moreover, it can be recommended as a natural alternative to postmenopausal hormone therapy.

scholarly journals Estrogen Replacement Reduces Oxidative Stress in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla of Ovariectomized Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Hao ◽  
Ying Gu ◽  
Xing Tan ◽  
Yu Deng ◽  
Zhao-Tang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla ◽  
Sympathetic Tone ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Ventrolateral Medulla ◽  
Sympathetic Outflow ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Estrogen Replacement ◽  
Ovx Rats

Cardiovascular disease prevalence rises rapidly after menopause, which is believed to be derived from the loss of estrogen. It is reported that sympathetic tone is increased in postmenopause. The high level of oxidative stress in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) contributes to increased sympathetic outflow. The focus of this study was to determine if estrogen replacement reduces oxidative stress in the RVLM and sympathetic outflow in the ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The data of this study showed that OVX rat increased oxidative stress in the RVLM and sympathetic tone; estrogen replacement improved cardiovascular functions but also reduced the level of oxidative stress in the RVLM. These findings suggest that estrogen replacement decreases blood pressure and sympathoexcitation in the OVX rats, which may be associated with suppression in oxidative stress in the RVLM through downregulation of protein expression of NADPHase (NOX4) and upregulation of protein expression of SOD1. The data from this study is beneficial for our understanding of the mechanism of estrogen exerting cardiovascular protective effects on postmenopause.

scholarly journals Green Tomato Extract Prevents Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Rats, a Model of Osteoporosis

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3210
Author(s):  
Farida S. Nirmala ◽  
Hyunjung Lee ◽  
Ji-Sun Kim ◽  
Taeyoul Ha ◽  
Chang Hwa Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Postmenopausal Osteoporosis ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Bone Homeostasis ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Tomato Extract ◽  
Ovx Rats

Although drug therapies are available for postmenopausal osteoporosis, these drugs are not free of side effects and long-term adherence to them are low. A safe and effective nutritional approach to counter postmenopausal osteoporosis is an important research goal. We fed ovariectomized (OVX) Sprague–Dawley rats a diet supplemented with 1% or 2% green tomato extract (GTE). After 12 weeks, micro-computed tomography scans revealed that GTE supplementation effectively prevented distal femur bone loss. This prevention was due to improved bone formation and suppressed bone resorption as observed by the regulation of osteoblast and osteoclast activities. GTE supplementation also improved bone formation through Bmp2-Smad 1/5/8-Runx2 signaling, while bone resorption was regulated by the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANKL)/osteoprogeterin (OPG) pathway. These results suggest that GTE supplementation prevents severe postmenopausal bone loss by maintaining the regulation of bone homeostasis in OVX rats. GTE as a diet supplement might be a potential novel alternative for the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

scholarly journals Micro/Nanostructures and Mechanical Properties of Trabecular Bone in Ovariectomized Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shidi Hu ◽  
Jin Li ◽  
Lu Liu ◽  
Ruchun Dai ◽  
Zhifeng Sheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Ovx Rats

Bone mechanical properties encompass both geometric and material factors, while the effects of estrogen deficiency on the material and structural characteristics of bone at micro- to nanoscales are still obscure. We performed a series of combined methodological experiments, including nanoindentation assessment of intrinsic material properties, atomic force microscopy (AFM) characterization of trabecular (Tb) nanostructure, and Tb microarchitecture and 2D BMD. At 15 weeks after surgery, we found significantly less Tb bone mineral density (BMD) at organ (−27%) and at tissue level (−12%), Tb bone volume fraction (−29%), Tb thickness (−14%), and Tb number (−17%) in ovariectomy (OVX) rats than in sham operated (SHAM) rats, while the structure model index (+91%) and Tb separation (+19%) became significantly greater. AFM images showed lower roughness Tb surfaces with loosely packed large nodular structures and less compacted interfibrillar space in OVX than in SHAM. However, no statistically significant changes were in the Tb intrinsic material properties—nanoindentation hardness, elastic modulus, and plastic deformation—nanoindentation depths, and residual areas. Therefore, estrogen deprivation results in a dramatic deterioration in Tb micro/nanoarchitectures, 3D volumetric BMD at both organ and tissue levels, and 2D BMD, but not in the nanomechanical properties of the trabeculae per se.

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