scholarly journals Inferring Functional Neural Connectivity with Phase Synchronization Analysis: A Review of Methodology

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junfeng Sun ◽  
Zhijun Li ◽  
Shanbao Tong
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Phase Synchronization ◽  
Significance Test ◽  
Neural Connectivity ◽  
Neural Signals ◽  
Instantaneous Phase ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
Observational Noise ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Functional neural connectivity is drawing increasing attention in neuroscience research. To infer functional connectivity from observed neural signals, various methods have been proposed. Among them, phase synchronization analysis is an important and effective one which examines the relationship of instantaneous phase between neural signals but neglecting the influence of their amplitudes. In this paper, we review the advances in methodologies of phase synchronization analysis. In particular, we discuss the definitions of instantaneous phase, the indexes of phase synchronization and their significance test, the issues that may affect the detection of phase synchronization and the extensions of phase synchronization analysis. In practice, phase synchronization analysis may be affected by observational noise, insufficient samples of the signals, volume conduction, and reference in recording neural signals. We make comments and suggestions on these issues so as to better apply phase synchronization analysis to inferring functional connectivity from neural signals.

scholarly journals Differential Covariance: A New Class of Methods to Estimate Sparse Connectivity from Neural Recordings

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 2581-2632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiger W. Lin ◽  
Anup Das ◽  
Giri P. Krishnan ◽  
Maxim Bazhenov ◽  
Terrence J. Sejnowski
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Neural Signals ◽  
Neural Recordings ◽  
New Class ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Sparse Connectivity ◽  
The Relationship

With our ability to record more neurons simultaneously, making sense of these data is a challenge. Functional connectivity is one popular way to study the relationship of multiple neural signals. Correlation-based methods are a set of currently well-used techniques for functional connectivity estimation. However, due to explaining away and unobserved common inputs (Stevenson, Rebesco, Miller, & Körding, 2008 ), they produce spurious connections. The general linear model (GLM), which models spike trains as Poisson processes (Okatan, Wilson, & Brown, 2005 ; Truccolo, Eden, Fellows, Donoghue, & Brown, 2005 ; Pillow et al., 2008 ), avoids these confounds. We develop here a new class of methods by using differential signals based on simulated intracellular voltage recordings. It is equivalent to a regularized AR(2) model. We also expand the method to simulated local field potential recordings and calcium imaging. In all of our simulated data, the differential covariance-based methods achieved performance better than or similar to the GLM method and required fewer data samples. This new class of methods provides alternative ways to analyze neural signals.

scholarly journals Hubungan Self Efficasy dan Motivasi dengan Pemahaman Konsep IPA Terpadu Siswa Kelas VIII SMP Pertiwi 2 Padang

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 595
Author(s):  
Reni Nastuti ◽  
Lelfita Lelfita ◽  
Elbasthoh Elbasthoh
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Significance Test ◽  
T Test ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The research aims to describe 1.The relationship of self-efficacy and the students understanding of the concept of Pertiwi 2 Junior High School Padang. 2. The relationship of motivation and the understanding of the concept of Pertiwi 2 Junior High School students. Factors that can influence a student's understanding of concept are not only depend on the media, model, strategy and learning environment but depend on the students themselves which are self efficacy and motivation. The research is begun at the beginning of the even semester of 2017/2018 academic year. The population in this study was eight (VIII) grade students of Pertiwi 2 Junior High School Padang. The variables consisted of self efficacy (X1), motivation (X2) and understanding of concept (Y). The sample used random sampling which totaled 52 samples. The type of research is descriptive research. The instrument used in this study is questionnaire. The essay as a test is given at the end of Science study to find out the students level of understanding concepts. Based on the data analysis self efficacy 0.184 in the lowest relationship level. According to the significance test, was used t test, in real level = 0,05 with degree of freedom (dk=44) was obtained ttable 1,68. Based on the criteria of the test, ttable = 1.68 and t count = 1.243. Means Hi was rejected and H0 was accepted. The motivation relationship level is 0.089 in the lowest level. Based on the significance test, was used t test, in real level = 0,05 with degree of freedom (dk=44) was obtained ttable 1,68. The tests criteria result is ttable =1,68 dan t count =0.593. Means Hi is rejected and H0 was accepted. So, it can be concluded as there is no significant relationship of self efficacy and motivation with the understanding of concepts of integrated science in VIII class of Pertiwi 2 Junior High School Padang.

ANALISIS KETERLAKSANAAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SEARCH, SOLVE, CREATE AND SHARE (SSCS)DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS SISWA PADA MATERI BENTUK MOLEKUL KELAS X MIA SMA NEGERI 11 KOTA JAMBI

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Fatria Dewi ◽  
Afrida Afrida ◽  
Sugeng Triwahyudi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Form ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Significance Test ◽  
T Test ◽  
Instructional Model ◽  
Process Skills ◽  
Student Activity ◽  
Learning Modes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The instrument used is the observation sheet of teacher and student activity and observation sheet of Skill of Science Process. In order to see the effect of the implementation of SSCS learning modes on the Skills of Science Process, the significance test with the t test. The SSCS model has a percentage of 79.49% categorized as good, the percentage of the model by the students is 73.77% categorized as good, and the percentage of skills of Process Skills of Science of 60.56% is categorized quite well. The relationship of SSCS model implementation with the ability of Process Skills of Science is obtained rxy = 0.756 with strong relationship level. The significance test is done by t test with tcount> ttable (6,65> 2,021) with dk = 33 and α = 0.05, so H0 is rejected and Ha accepted. Based on the results of the research shows that the instructional model of SSCS is running well and there is influence to the Skill of Science Process on the material of Molecular Form Class XMIA 1 SMAN 11 Kota Jambi.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN ANTARA KONSEP DIRI DENGAN DISIPLIN SISWA

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Lina Novita ◽  
Tustiyana Windiyani ◽  
Dina Aprilia Suhrawardi
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Significance Test ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Class V ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This research is with the design and model of Quantitative Research of Correlational Studies. The purpose of this study is to describe the relationship between self-concept and students discipline of students in V grade students of Kota Batu 02 State Elementary School Ciomas District Bogor Regency. The subject of this research is 80 students of class V Kota Batu 02 State Elementary School Ciomas District Bogor Regency. This research was conducted on the odd semester of Lesson 2018/2019. The results showed that the average of self-concept variable is 89,88, while the students discipline variable has an average of 90,95 thus the relationship of self-concept with students discipline in statistical analysis is indicated by the result of significance test and regression with regression equation ? =48,374 + 0,4737x. This means that each increase of one students discipline variable value is 0,4737 units. The strength of the relationship between self-concept and students discipline is shown by the correlation coefficient with r value of 0,48 which means have a relationship. The magnitude of the contribution of self-concept with students discipline is shown by the coefficient (r) of 0,23 with the coefficient of determination of 23%. This means that the increase or decrease in students discipline has a relationship by self-concept by 23%. Based on the results of the above research can be concluded that the relationship between self-concept and discipline of students in class V Kota Batu 02 State Element 02 Bogor Regency have a relationship.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Functional Connectivity of the Sensorimotor and Visual Cortical Networks Between Resting and Task States

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenliang Xiong ◽  
Chong Tian ◽  
Xianchun Zeng ◽  
Jie Huang ◽  
Rongpin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Task Type ◽  
Intrinsic Activity ◽  
Correlated Activity ◽  
High Level ◽  
Visual Cortical ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Task

The intrinsic activity of the human brain maintains its general operation at rest, and this ongoing spontaneous activity exhibits a high level of spatiotemporally correlated activity among different cortical areas, showing intrinsically organized brain functional connectivity (FC) networks. Many functional network properties of the human brain have been investigated extensively for both rest and task states, but the relationship between these two states has been rarely investigated yet and remains unclear. Comparing well-defined task-specific networks with corresponding intrinsic FC networks may reveal their relationship and improve our understanding of the brain’s operations at both rest and task states. This study investigated the relationship of the sensorimotor and visual cortical FC networks between the resting and task states. The sensorimotor task was to rub right-hand fingers, and the visual task was to open and close eyes, respectively. Our study demonstrated a general relationship of the task-evoked FC network with its corresponding intrinsic FC network, regardless of the tasks. For each task type, the study showed that (1) the intrinsic and task-evoked FC networks shared a common network and the task enhanced the coactivity within that common network compared to the intrinsic activity; (2) some areas within the intrinsic FC network were not activated by the task, and therefore, the task activated only partial but not whole of the intrinsic FC network; and (3) the task activated substantial additional areas outside the intrinsic FC network and therefore recruited more intrinsic FC networks to perform the task.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN READING SPEED AND READING COMPREHENSION IN INDONESIAN SUBJECTS IN V GRADE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 401
Author(s):  
Siti Badriyah ◽  
Rina Yuliana
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Reading Speed ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Significance Test ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Class V ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Academic Year

<pre><em>This study aims to determine relationship of  reading to understanding  readings in  indonesian class v academic year 2017/2018. The method used in this research is quantitative descriptive method with correlational technique and sampling is done by random sampling technique. Technique of data collection is done through observation sheet and oral test about reading comprehension comprehension. Based on the data analysis obtained correlation coefficient in this study is 0,129 and included into very low category. The number indicates that the correlation is positive. Meanwhile, the coefficient of determination obtained is 1.6641%. These results indicate that the magnitude of the contribution of students' reading speed to the reading comprehension of students is 1.6641%. Result of correlation significance test at significant level α = 0,05 obtained t<sub>count</sub> = 0,596 and t<sub>table</sub> = 1,721. So it can be concluded that there is a positive relationship between the speed of reading to understanding reading but not significant.</em></pre>

scholarly journals The Relationship of Anatomical and Functional Connectivity to Resting-State Connectivity in Primate Somatosensory Cortex

Neuron ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1116-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Wang ◽  
Li Min Chen ◽  
László Négyessy ◽  
Robert M. Friedman ◽  
Arabinda Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Resting State Connectivity ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN KEMAMPUAN MENDISAIN ORNAMEN DENGAN HASIL BELAJAR MEMBATIK MOTIF ORNAMEN BATAK ANGKOLA MANDAILING SISWA KELAS X SMK KARYA BUNDA MEDAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 363
Author(s):  
Siti Asyiah Siregar ◽  
Sugito Sugito ◽  
Wahyu Tri Atmojo
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Significance Test ◽  
Multiple Correlation ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Sample Technique ◽  
Saturated Sample ◽  
Correlational Method ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstrakPenelitian ini dilakukan di SMK Karya Bunda Medan yang bertujuan untuk membuktikan apakah ada hubungan yang siknifikan antara hubungan pengetahuan ornamen dan kemampuan  mendesain ornamen terhadap hasil belajar membatik motif ornamen Batak Angkola Mandailing. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X SMK Karya Bunda Medan. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik sampel jenuh sebanyak 19 orang dari kelas X. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode korelasional, yaitu penelitian ini mencari ada tidaknya hubungan antara pengetahuan dan kemampuan mendisain ornamen dengan hasil belajar membatik motif ornamen Batak Angkola Mandailing. Teknik Analisis data menggunakan korelasi ganda (R), Uji keberartian dengan formula F. Hasil temuan penelitian: = 0,60, = 0,58 dan = 0,75 menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan pengetahuan dan kemampuan mendisain ornamen dengan hasil belajar membatik motif ornamen Batak Angkola Mandailing, yang dibuktikan dengan  Fhitung = 4,87 untuk dk= n-k-1 = 16 a = 0,05 Ftabel = 3,63 ternyata Fhitung >Ftabel (4,87 > 3,63). Besar sumbangan (kontribusi) antara pengetahuan dan kemampuan mendisain ornamen dengan hasil belajar membatik motif ornamen Batak Angkola Mandailing diperoleh r2=62% artinya bahwa X1,  dan X2 memberikan kontribusi atau masukan (sumbangan) pada Y rata-rata 62%, sisanya 38% dari variabel lain.  Kata Kunci: pengetahuan, mendisain, membatik, angkola, mandailing.AbstractThis research was conducted at SMK Karya Bunda Medan which aims to prove whether there is a significant relationship between the relationship of ornamental knowledge and the ability to design ornaments to the learning outcomes of batik motifs of Angkola Mandailing Batak ornaments. The population in this study were all students of class X SMK Karya Bunda Medan. Sampling using saturated sample technique as many as 19 people from class X. This study uses a correlational method, namely this study looks for whether there is a relationship between knowledge and ability to design ornaments with the results of learning to batik Angkola Mandailing Batak ornament motifs. Data analysis technique uses multiple correlation (R), significance test with formula F. The results of the study: = 0,60, = 0,58 and = 0,75  shows that there is a relationship between knowledge and ability to design ornaments with learning outcomes batik Angkola Batak ornament motifs Mandailing, which is proven by Fcount = 4.87 for dk = nk-1 = 16 a = 0.05 Ftable = 3.63, it turns out Fcount > Ftable (4.87> 3.63). The contribution between knowledge and ability to design ornaments with the results of learning to batik Angkola Mandailing Batak ornament motifs obtained r2 = 62% means X1 and X2 give contribution or input to the learning outcomes of  Y averaged 62%, the remaining 38% from other variables.  Keywords: knowledge, design, make batik, angkola, mandailing.

scholarly journals Implications of Medical and Recreational Marijuana Laws for Neuroscience Research: a Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 258-266
Author(s):  
Deborah S. Hasin ◽  
Efrat Aharonovich
Keyword(s):  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Cannabis Use Disorder ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
Brain Functioning ◽  
Neurocognitive Impairments ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Recreational Marijuana ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Purpose of Review Review of US medical and recreational marijuana laws (MML and RML), their effects on cannabis potency, prevalence of non-medical cannabis use and cannabis use disorder (CUD) in adolescents and adults, and implications for neuroscience research, given what is known about the relationship of cannabis to neurocognitive impairments and underlying brain functioning. Recent Findings Cannabis potency may be increasing faster in states with MML or RML than in other states. MML and RML have not impacted prevalence in adolescents but have consistently been shown to increase rates of adult non-medical use and CUD. Summary Recent neurocognitive or neuroimaging studies may be more impacted by cannabis than studies conducted when MML and RML were less common. Neurocognitive or neuroimaging studies conducted in MML or RML states should carefully test potential participants for recent cannabis use. More research is needed on cannabis and cognition in medical marijuana patients.

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