scholarly journals Geoneutrinos

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondřej Šrámek ◽  
William F. McDonough ◽  
John G. Learned
Keyword(s):  
Continental Crust ◽  
Plate Tectonics ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Radiogenic Heat ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Directional Detection ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Current Detection

Neutrino geophysics is an emerging interdisciplinary field with the potential to map the abundances and distribution of radiogenic heat sources in the continental crust and deep Earth. To date, data from two different experiments quantify the amount of Th and U in the Earth and begin to put constraints on radiogenic power in the Earth available for driving mantle convection and plate tectonics. New improved detectors are under construction or in planning stages. Critical testing of compositional models of the Earth requires integrating geoneutrino and geological observations. Such tests will lead to significant constraints on the absolute and relative abundances of U and Th in the continents. High radioactivity in continental crust puts limits on land-based observatories' capacity to resolve mantle models with current detection methods. Multiple-site measurement in oceanic areas away from continental crust and nuclear reactors offers the best potential to extract mantle information. Geophysics would benefit from directional detection and the detectability of electron antineutrinos from potassium decay.

PLANETARY SELF-ORGANIZATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-282
Author(s):  
OLEG IVANOV
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical System ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Mantle Convection ◽  
Plate Tectonics ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
The Earth ◽  
New Type

The general characteristics of planetary systems are described. Well-known heat sources of evolution are considered. A new type of heat source, variations of kinematic parameters in a dynamical system, is proposed. The inconsistency of the perovskite-post-perovskite heat model is proved. Calculations of inertia moments relative to the D boundary on the Earth are given. The 9 times difference allows us to claim that the sliding of the upper layers at the Earth's rotation speed variations emit heat by viscous friction.This heat is the basis of mantle convection and lithospheric plate tectonics.

scholarly journals Can radiogenic heat sources inside the Earth be located by their antineutrino incoming directions?

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 1894-1898 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. V. Domogatsky ◽  
V. I. Kopeikin ◽  
L. A. Mikaelyan ◽  
V. V. Sinev
Keyword(s):  
Heat Sources ◽  
Radiogenic Heat ◽  
The Earth

scholarly journals Entropy-information perspective to radiogenic heat distribution in continental crust

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-428
Author(s):  
R. N. Singh ◽  
A. Manglik
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flow ◽  
Continental Crust ◽  
Heat Generation ◽  
Depth Distribution ◽  
Thermal Structure ◽  
Generation Model ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Radiogenic Heat ◽  
Entropy Principle ◽  
Mantle Heat Flow

Abstract. Depth distribution of radiogenic heat sources in continental crust is an important parameter that controls its thermal structure as well as the mantle heat flow at the base of continental lithosphere. Various models for the depth distribution of radiogenic heat sources have been proposed. Starting from constant and exponential models based on linear heat flow–heat generation relationship the present-day layered models integrate crustal structure and laboratory measurements of radiogenic heat sources in various exposed rocks representing crustal composition. In the present work, an extended entropy theory formalism is used for estimation of radiogenic heat sources distribution in continental crust based on principle of maximum entropy (POME). The extended entropy principle yields a constant heat generation model if only a constraint given by total radiogenic heat in the crust is used and an exponential form of radiogenic heat sources distribution if an additional constraint in the form of a second moment is used in the minimization of entropy.

From Kenorland to modern continents: tectonics and metallogeny

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-32
Author(s):  
A. S. Yakubchuk
Keyword(s):  
Continental Crust ◽  
Tectonic Evolution ◽  
Plate Tectonics ◽  
Ferrous Metal ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Secular Changes ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Three Stages

There are three stages in tectonic evolution of the Earth: (1) nucleation — from origin of protocratons to their assembly into Supercontinent Kenorland (2.7–2.5 Ga); (2) cratonization — from breakup of Kenorland (2.45 Ga) to the assembly of Columbia (1.85 Ga) and its reorganization into Rodinia (1.0–0.72 Ga); (3) modern plate tectonics — from breakup of Rodinia at 720 Ma until present. Analysis of time-space reorganizations of Archean granulite-gneiss terranes, which correspond to continental lithospheric keels, reveals five groups of protocratons (Nena, Ur, Congo-Sahara, NAsia and Atlantica) that remained almost intact during long time intervals. After the breakup of Kenorland, the continental crust rotated counter-clockwise. NAsia and Atlantica the least rotated and drifted relative to Nena, however the latter was rotated by 180°. Congo-Sahara, Ur and Kalahari were the most rotated. The assembly and breakup of the supercontinents clearly correlates with secular changes in dominant types of base, precious and ferrous metal deposits, as well as formation and emplacement of diamonds.

Fitting a new piece into the Precambrian puzzle: the detrital rutile record and its links to modern plate tectonics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inês Pereira ◽  
Craig D. Storey ◽  
Robin Strachan ◽  
Hugo Moreira ◽  
James Darling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continental Crust ◽  
Detrital Zircon ◽  
Plate Tectonics ◽  
Secular Evolution ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Selective Preservation ◽  
Clastic Sedimentary ◽  
Detrital Zircon Ages ◽  
Orogenic Belts ◽  
Collisional Orogens

<p>Plate tectonics is responsible for shaping the Earth’s surface, influencing the geological, hydrological and atmospheric cycles. However, there is no consensus on when plate tectonics initiated: was it fully operational during the Archean or did it not develop until the Proterozoic?</p><p>Much of what is currently known about the secular evolution of Earth’s continental crust and its links to plate tectonics has been recovered from detrital minerals. This is related to the incomplete rock record; the detrital record allows access to information from eroded and unexposed terrains. Most studies have relied on the detrital zircon record, but it is still unclear if the coincidence in age peaks with periods of supercontinent assembly reflects episodic continental growth or bias due to selective preservation of new crust within collisional orogenic belts. Furthermore, because zircon mostly grows in high-temperature conditions, it mostly calibrates magmatic cycles. To understand the evolution of plate tectonics and to assess its influence on continental crust preservation, we developed a new proxy, relevant to a range of metamorphic conditions, including HP-LT.</p><p>We investigate the U-Pb distribution ages of detrital rutile, from a range of modern stream sediments and siliciclastic units at sub-amphibolite facies metamorphic grade. Rutile mostly forms in collisional orogens and, by comparison with the zircon record, we can test the existence of a preservation bias. Zircon and rutile age distributions from our sample sets show a significant correlation, both peaks and troughs, that can only be reconciled if the detrital zircon record reflects a preservation bias that occurred during supercontinent assembly.</p><p>We further present new U-Pb and trace element data from detrital rutile within two clastic sedimentary units, preserved at sub-greenschist facies conditions in NW Scotland. These are the Torridon (Tonian) and the Ardvreck (Cambrian) groups, whose detrital zircon ages span a significant period between 3 and 1 Ga. By applying Zr-in-rutile thermometry and comparing it to the preserved metamorphic record, we show that both low and high dT/dP conditions can be inferred since at least 2.1 Ga.</p><p>Combining the existence of paired metamorphism up to 2.1 Ga with the periodic preservation of the continental crust throughout most of the Earth’s history implies that one-sided subduction, a hallmark of plate tectonics, has operated since at least the late Paleoproterozoic, and that supercontinent assembly during and after this period has been driven by plate tectonic mechanisms.</p>

scholarly journals Studying the Earth with Geoneutrinos

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Ludhova ◽  
S. Zavatarelli
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Results ◽  
Heat Power ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Radiogenic Heat ◽  
Neutrino Detection ◽  
Unique Information ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Status ◽  
Geological Implications

Geoneutrinos, electron antineutrinos from natural radioactive decays inside the Earth, bring to the surface unique information about our planet. The new techniques in neutrino detection opened a door into a completely new interdisciplinary field of neutrino geoscience. We give here a broad geological introduction highlighting the points where the geoneutrino measurements can give substantial new insights. The status-of-art of this field is overviewed, including a description of the latest experimental results from KamLAND and Borexino experiments and their first geological implications. We performed a new combined Borexino and KamLAND analysis in terms of the extraction of the mantle geo-neutrino signal and the limits on the Earth's radiogenic heat power. The perspectives and the future projects having geo-neutrinos among their scientific goals are also discussed.

Neutrino geophysics at baksan: On searches for antineutrinos and radiogenic-heat sources in the interior of the earth

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. V. Domogatsky ◽  
V. I. Kopeikin ◽  
L. A. Mikaelyan ◽  
V. V. Sinev
Keyword(s):  
Heat Sources ◽  
Radiogenic Heat ◽  
The Earth

scholarly journals The largest plagiogranite on Earth formed by re-melting of juvenile proto-continental crust

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Gamal El Dien ◽  
Zheng-Xiang Li ◽  
Mohamed Abu Anbar ◽  
Luc S. Doucet ◽  
J. Brendan Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continental Crust ◽  
Plate Tectonics ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Melt Extraction ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Nubian Shield ◽  
Low Potassium ◽  
Juvenile Crust ◽  
Geochemical Analyses ◽  
Arabian Nubian Shield

AbstractThe growth of continental crust through melt extraction from the mantle is a critical component of the chemical evolution of the Earth and the development of plate tectonics. However, the mechanisms involved remain debated. Here, we conduct petrological and geochemical analyses on a large (up to 5000 km2) granitoid body in the Arabian-Nubian shield near El-Shadli, Egypt. We identify these rocks as the largest known plagiogranitic complex on Earth, which shares characteristics such as low potassium, high sodium and flat rare earth element chondrite-normalized patterns with spatially associated gabbroic rocks. The hafnium isotopic compositions of zircon indicate a juvenile source for the magma. However, low zircon δ18O values suggest interaction with hydrothermal fluids. We propose that the El-Shadli plagiogranites were produced by extensive partial melting of juvenile, previously accreted oceanic crust and that this previously overlooked mechanism for the formation of plagiogranite is also responsible for the transformation of juvenile crust into a chemically stratified continental crust.

scholarly journals Revolutions in the earth sciences

1999 ◽  
Vol 354 (1392) ◽  
pp. 1915-1919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Allègre ◽  
Vincent Courtillot
Keyword(s):  
Earth Sciences ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Plate Tectonics ◽  
Statistical Physics ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Scientific Revolutions ◽  
The Earth

The 20th century has been a century of scientific revolutions for many disciplines: quantum mechanics in physics, the atomic approach in chemistry, the nonlinear revolution in mathematics, the introduction of statistical physics. The major breakthroughs in these disciplines had all occurred by about 1930. In contrast, the revolutions in the so–called natural sciences, that is in the earth sciences and in biology, waited until the last half of the century. These revolutions were indeed late, but they were no less deep and drastic, and they occurred quite suddenly. Actually, one can say that not one but three revolutions occurred in the earth sciences: in plate tectonics, planetology and the environment. They occurred essentially independently from each other, but as time passed, their effects developed, amplified and started interacting. These effects continue strongly to this day.

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