scholarly journals The Anticaries Effect of a Food Extract (Shiitake) in a Short-Term Clinical Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Lingström ◽  
Egija Zaura ◽  
Haidar Hassan ◽  
Mark J. Buijs ◽  
Pamie Hedelin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Edible Mushroom ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Double Blind

The main objective was to investigate whether low-molecular-weight fraction of edible mushroom shiitake extract (Lentinus edodes) possesses caries-preventive properties. The study was designed as a double-blind, three-leg, cross-over, randomized, controlled clinical trial carried out on two series of volunteers at the University of Gothenburg, and the Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam. Volunteers rinsed twice daily with a solution containing low-molecular-weight fraction of edible mushroom, placebo (negative control without active ingredients), or Meridol (positive control, AmF-SnF2) for two weeks, with a two-week washout period between each rinsing period. Changes in the acidogenicity of dental plaque before and after a sucrose challenge, shifts in microbial composition, and plaque scores were determined. Frequent rinses with shiitake reduced the metabolic activity of dental plaque. No reduction of plaque scores and no inhibition of the production of organic acids in plaque was found. Minor differences in microbial composition between test sessions were found. To conclude, the results indicate that shiitake extract has anticariogenic potential, but not to the same extent as the positive control.

scholarly journals The Effects of Fractions from Shiitake Mushroom on Composition and Cariogenicity of Dental Plaque Microcosms in anIn VitroCaries Model

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egija Zaura ◽  
Mark J. Buijs ◽  
Michel A. Hoogenkamp ◽  
Lena Ciric ◽  
Adele Papetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lentinula Edodes ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Edible Mushroom ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Shiitake Mushroom ◽  
Constant Depth ◽  
Caries Model ◽  
Mineral Loss

The aim of the current study was to investigate the anticariogenic potential of the (sub)fractions obtained from the edible mushroom shiitake (Lentinula edodes) inin vitrocaries model. We used a modified constant depth film fermentor (CDFF) with pooled saliva as the inoculum and bovine dentin as a substratum. The test compounds were low molecular weight fraction (MLMW) of the shiitake extract and subfractions 4 and 5 (SF4 and SF5) of this fraction. Chlorhexidine (CHX) and water served as a positive and a negative control, respectively. Dentin mineral loss was quantified (TMR), microbial shifts within the microcosms were determined (qPCR), and the acidogenicity of the microcosms was assessed (CIA). From the compounds tested, the SF4 of shiitake showed strong inhibiting effect on dentin demineralization and induced microbial shifts that could be associated with oral health. The acid producing potential was increased, suggesting uncoupling of the glycolysis of the microbiota by the exposure to SF4. In conclusion, the results suggest that SF4 of shiitake has an anticariogenic potential.

In Vivo Studies on the Inhibition of Coagulation by Fractionated Heparin and by a Heparin Analogue I. Effects of Heparin Fractions

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (03) ◽  
pp. 612-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
U Schmitz-Huebner ◽  
L Balleisen ◽  
F Asbeck ◽  
J van de Loo
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight Fraction ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Heparin Fractions

SummaryHigh and low molecular weight heparin fractions obtained by gel filtration chromatography of sodium mucosal heparin were injected subcutaneously into six healthy volunteers and compared with the unfractionated substance in a cross-over trial. Equal doses of 5,000 U were administered twice daily over a period of three days and heparin activity was repeatedly controlled before and 2, 4, 8 hrs after injection by means of the APTT, the anti-Xa clotting test and a chromogenic substrate assay. In addition, the in vivo effect of subcutaneously administered fractionated heparin on platelet function was examined on three of the volunteers. The results show that s.c. injections of the low molecular weight fraction induced markedly higher anti-Xa activity than injections of the other preparations. At the same time, APTT results did not significantly differ. Unfractionated heparin and the high molecular weight fraction enhanced ADP-induced platelet aggregation and collagen-mediated MDA production, while the low molecular weight fraction hardly affected these assays, but potently inhibited thrombin-induced MDA production. All heparin preparations stimulated the release of platelet Factor 4 in plasma. During the three-day treatment periods, no side-effects and no significant changes in the response to heparin injections were detected.

scholarly journals Candidate markers for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in low-molecular weight fraction of serum

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 2149-2153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radoslav Goldman ◽  
Habtom W. Ressom ◽  
Mohamed Abdel-Hamid ◽  
Lenka Goldman ◽  
Antai Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Low Molecular Weight

Toxicity assessment of the extract of compost as a final product from Bio-Toilet

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 421-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kakimolo ◽  
Y. Imai ◽  
N. Funamizu ◽  
T. Takakuwa ◽  
M. Kunimoto
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Small Molecular Weight ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Inorganic Matter ◽  
Bio Assay

Bio-Toilet is the name of a dry closet or composting toilet using sawdust as an artificial soil matrix for bioconversion of human excrement into compost. Since feces and urine contain several chemicals such as pharmaceutical residues and endocrine disruptors and they may still remain in compost after biological reaction in the Bio-Toilet, it is required to examine the possibility of soil and/or groundwater pollution by applying compost to a soil system in farmland. In this study, toxicity of Bio-Toilet compost was evaluated by measuring the viability of human neuroblast (NB-1). The bio-assay was applied to the water extract of compost from the Bio-Toilets which are in practical use in Japan. The assay results showed that (1) the extract of feces showed no toxicity, and the extracts of unused sawdust had no or low level toxicity and (2) the extracts of composts had heavier toxicity than unused sawdust. These results implied that some chemicals that have toxicity were generated by biological reactions or accumulated in toilet system. The bio-assay results with fractionated organic matter by its molecular weight showed that the small molecular weight fraction had stronger toxicity than other fractions. The effect of inorganic matter on toxicity was examined by comparing the dose-response relationship of the extracts of compost with positive control with 1M of sodium chloride solution. The comparison showed that sodium concentration in the extract was too low to develop the toxicity and the effect of inorganic matter could be neglected in this study.

Anti-Inflammatory Activity in the Low Molecular Weight Fraction of Commercial Human Serum Albumin (LMWF5A)

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory W. Thomas ◽  
Leonard T. Rael ◽  
Charles W. Mains ◽  
Denetta Slone ◽  
Matthew M. Carrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Human Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

scholarly journals Cucumber Mosaic Virus, Tobacco Streak Virus, and Cucumber Mosaic Virus Satellite RNA Associated with Mosaic and Ringspot Symptoms in Ajuga reptans in Ohio

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. 1214-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Fisher ◽  
S. T. Nameth
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Streak Virus ◽  
Ajuga Reptans

Creeping bugleweed (Ajuga reptans L.) is a perennial ornamental commonly grown as a ground cover in temperate climates. Commercial samples of the A. reptans cultivars Royalty, var. Atropurpurea Bronze, Bronze Beauty, and Burgundy Glow showing mosaic and ringspot symptoms were tested for the presence of virus infection by direct antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and viral-associated double-stranded (ds) RNA analysis. Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV) was detected by ELISA and dsRNA analysis in symptomatic samples of all cultivars tested. ELISA values were considered positive if the absorbance values were twice the negative control. Negative control values were established with asymptomatic tissue of the cv. Bronze Beauty. Tobacco streak ilarvirus (TSV) was detected only by ELISA in symptomatic samples of all cultivars except Royalty. No dsRNA suggestive of TSV was detected. Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) was detected by ELISA and dsRNA analysis in symptomatic samples of all cultivars tested except Royalty and var. Atropurpurea Bronze. dsRNA analysis also indicated the presence of a low molecular weight, possible satellite (sat) RNA associated with all symptomatic and asymptomatic Royalty and var. Atropurpurea Bronze plants tested. Northern (RNA) blot analysis with a digoxigenin-labeled full-length clone of the (S) CARNA-5 (-) CMV satRNA (ATCC no. 45124) confirmed that the low molecular weight RNA associated with the Royalty and var. Atropurpurea Bronze cultivars was indeed CMV satRNA. Only AMV has been previously reported in A. reptans in the United States (1). This is the first report of CMV and its satRNA, as well as TSV, in A. reptans in the United States. Reference: (1) W. T. Schroeder and R. Provvidenti. Plant Dis. Rep. 56:285, 1972.

Characterization of Sol and Gel in Hevea Natural Rubber

1997 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 707-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitladda Tangpakdee ◽  
Yasukuki Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Toluene Solution ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Branch Points ◽  
Gel Content ◽  
High Ammonia ◽  
Linear Molecules ◽  
Cis And Trans

Abstract The gel content of rubber from high-ammonia latex (HA-latex) decreased significantly after deproteinization with proteolytic enzyme. The addition of 1–2% ethanol in toluene solution reduced the gel content of rubbers from HA-latex, deproteinized HA-latex (HA-DP) and pale crepe. Transesterification of the rubber in toluene solution with sodium methoxide dissolved the gel fraction. The gel fractions solubilized after transesterification showed molecular weight distribution rich in low molecular-weight fraction. The Huggins k′ constant of the fractionated rubbers from solubilized-gels was in the range of 0.42–0.45, lower than that of the fractionated HA-DP of 0.5–0.8. This indicates that all the branch-points were decomposed by transesterification to form linear molecules. The Mn values of rubber chains assembling the gel was 5.5−8.3×105 by 13C-NMR measurements of the ratio between cis- and trans-isoprene units, which were comparable to the molecular weight between crosslinks, Mc, of 7−11×105 by swelling measurements. These findings suggest that the branching and crosslinks are composed of two types of branch-points, i. e. one by association or aggregation of proteins or oligopeptides at the initiating end and the other by ester linkages including phosphoric ester at the terminal end.

scholarly journals Antitumor Activities of Low Molecular Weight Fraction Derived from the Cultured Fruit Body of Sparassis crispa in Tumor-Bearing Mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 419-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyosuke Yamamoto ◽  
Yoshihiro Nishikawa ◽  
Takashi Kimura ◽  
Munehiko Dombo ◽  
Nariaki Matsuura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Fruit Body ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Antitumor Activities ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
Sparassis Crispa
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