scholarly journals The Role of Cancer Stem Cells in the Organ Tropism of Breast Cancer Metastasis: A Mechanistic Balance between the “Seed” and the “Soil”?

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny E. Chu ◽  
Alison L. Allan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Metastatic Disease ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Breast Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Organ Tropism

Breast cancer is a prevalent disease worldwide, and the majority of deaths occur due to metastatic disease. Clinical studies have identified a specific pattern for the metastatic spread of breast cancer, termed organ tropism; where preferential secondary sites include lymph node, bone, brain, lung, and liver. A rare subpopulation of tumor cells, the cancer stem cells (CSCs), has been hypothesized to be responsible for metastatic disease and therapy resistance. Current treatments are highly ineffective against metastatic breast cancer, likely due to the innate therapy resistance of CSCs and the complex interactions that occur between cancer cells and their metastatic microenvironments. A better understanding of these interactions is essential for the development of novel therapeutic targets for metastatic disease. This paper summarizes the characteristics of breast CSCs and their potential metastatic microenvironments. Furthermore, it raises the question of the existence of a CSC niche and highlights areas for future investigation.

Abstract 4219: Biomarkers of cancer stem cells and invasion can predict breast cancer metastasis

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Stobezki ◽  
Maja OKtay ◽  
Ester Adler ◽  
Frank Gertler ◽  
John S. Condeelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Breast Cancer Metastasis

scholarly journals Deep Tumor-Penetrated Nanocages Improve Accessibility to Cancer Stem Cells for Photothermal-Chemotherapy of Breast Cancer Metastasis

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 1801012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Tan ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
Haiqiang Cao ◽  
Lijuan Zeng ◽  
Yuqi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Breast Cancer Metastasis

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms of Breast Cancer Metastasis to the Lung: Clinical and Experimental Perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Braeden Medeiros ◽  
Alison L. Allan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Breast Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Patient Morbidity ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Organ Tropism

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women worldwide, and >90% of breast cancer-related deaths are associated with metastasis. Breast cancer spreads preferentially to the lung, brain, bone and liver; termed organ tropism. Current treatment methods for metastatic breast cancer have been ineffective, compounded by the lack of early prognostic/predictive methods to determine which organs are most susceptible to developing metastases. A better understanding of the mechanisms that drive breast cancer metastasis is crucial for identifying novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Lung metastasis is of particular concern as it is associated with significant patient morbidity and a mortality rate of 60–70%. This review highlights the current understanding of breast cancer metastasis to the lung, including discussion of potential new treatment approaches for development.

scholarly journals Dexamethasone promotes breast cancer stem cells in obese and not lean mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie L Annett ◽  
Orla Fox ◽  
Damir Vareslija ◽  
Tracy Robson
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Breast Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Mammosphere Formation ◽  
Cancer Specific Mortality

Obesity is highly prevalent in breast cancer patients and it is associated with increased recurrence and breast cancer specific mortality. Glucocorticoid (GC) use, in addition to obesity is associated with promoting breast cancer metastasis through activation of stemness-related pathways. Therefore, we utilised the synergetic allograft E0771 breast cancer model to investigate if treatment with GCs had differential effects on promoting cancer stem cells in lean and diet-induced obese mice. Indeed, both lean mice treated with dexamethasone and obese mice with no treatment had no effect on the ex vivo colony forming ability, mammosphere formation or ALDH bright subpopulation. However, treatment of obese mice with dexamethasone resulted in a significant increase in ex vivo colony formation, mammosphere formation, ALDH bright subpopulation and expression of pluripotency transcription factors. GC transcriptionally regulated genes were not altered in the dexamethasone treated groups compared to treatment controls. In summary, these results provide initial evidence that obesity presents a higher risk of GC induced cancer stemness via non-genomic GC signalling which is of potential translational significance.

Tumor Dormancy and Cancer Stem Cells: Implications for the Biology and Treatment of Breast Cancer Metastasis

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison L. Allan ◽  
Sharon A. Vantyghem ◽  
Alan B. Tuck ◽  
Ann F. Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Breast Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Tumor Dormancy

scholarly journals Mechanisms of bone metastases of breast cancer

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 703-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry J Suva ◽  
Robert J Griffin ◽  
Issam Makhoul
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Breast Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Metastatic Sites

Cancer development is a multi-step process driven by genetic alterations that elicit the progressive transformation of normal human cells into highly malignant derivatives. The altered cell proliferation phenotype of cancer involves a poorly characterized sequence of molecular events, which often result in the development of distant metastasis. In the case of breast cancer, the skeleton is among the most common of metastatic sites. In spite of its clinical importance, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms driving bone metastasis remain elusive. Despite advances in our understanding of the phenotype of cancer cells, the increased focus on the contribution of the tumor microenvironment and the recent revival of interest in the role of tumor-propagating cells (so called cancer stem cells) that may originate or be related to normal stem cells produced in the bone marrow, many important questions remain unanswered. As such, a more complete understanding of the influences of both the microenvironment and the tumor phenotype, which impact the entire multi-step metastatic cascade, is required. In this review, the importance of tumor heterogeneity, tumor-propagating cells, the microenvironment of breast cancer metastasis to bone as well as many current endocrine therapies for the prevention and treatment of metastatic breast cancer is discussed.

scholarly journals Non-migratory tumorigenic intrinsic cancer stem cells ensure breast cancer metastasis by generation of CXCR4+ migrating cancer stem cells

Oncogene ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (37) ◽  
pp. 4937-4948 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Mukherjee ◽  
A Manna ◽  
P Bhattacharjee ◽  
M Mazumdar ◽  
S Saha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Breast Cancer Metastasis
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