scholarly journals The Role ofHelicobacter pyloriand NSAIDs in the Pathogenesis of Uncomplicated Duodenal Ulcer

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayhan Hilmi Cekin ◽  
Muharrem Taskoparan ◽  
Adil Duman ◽  
Cem Sezer ◽  
Yesim Cekin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Duodenal Ulcer ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Duodenal Ulcers ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs

Background/Aim. To identify the etiological role ofHelicobacter pylori(Hp) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in endoscopically diagnosed duodenal ulcers (DUs).Methods. Patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy in two major hospitals in Antalya and Adiyaman were included in this study and assigned as duodenal ulcer (n=152; median age: 41.0 (16–71) years; 58.6% males) or control group (n=70; median age: 41.0 (18–68) years; 57.1% males). Patient demographics, risk factors, and NSAID/acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) use were recorded.Results.HPwas more commonly located in the corpus (75.0 versus 50.0%; odds ratio [OR] = 3.00; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.66–5.44;P<0.001), incisura (75.7 versus 60.0%;OR=2.07; 95% CI: 1.13–3.79;P=0.017), and antrum (80.3 versus 60.0%;OR=2.71; 95% CI: 1.45–5.05;P=0.001) among DU patients than controls.Hppositivity was 84.9% whileHpwas negative in 15.1% of patients including those accompanied with NSAID and/or ASA use (9.2%), and those were negative for all three etiological factors (5.9%).Conclusion. Our findings indicate the substantial role ofHpin the pathogenesis of DU disease as identified in 84.9% of DU patients compatible with the background prevalence of 61.4% among age-matched control subjects.Hpwas the single causative factor in 44.1% of our patients, while NSAID/ASA exposure was in 9.2%.

scholarly journals ELECTROMYOGRAPHY OF THE URETHRAL SPHINCTER IN SUI

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
A. Cianci ◽  
S. Caruso ◽  
S. Bandiera ◽  
M.G. Matarazzo ◽  
F. Rapisarda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Stress Incontinence ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Urethral Sphincter ◽  
Healthy Women

The study values, through electromyography (emg), the stripped urethral sphyncter activity in women with stress incontinence (USI). 10 women with USI and 5 healthy women -control group- underwent urogynecologic examination, urodynamic examination and urethral electromyography examination. The endurance and extension of tension were took in the consideration. 9 women with USI had EGM showing denervation/renervation nervous damage, supported by potential&rsquo;s wideness and length higher than control group (&gt;300&mu;V), either during relax or cough, and the trace&rsquo;s absence of the interference with voluntary contraction. Only one woman with USI showed an EGM compatible with myogen damage: values &lt;100 &mu;V in all traces and negative anamnesis for risk factors. The Authors emphasize the role of EMG as a particular exam to study in deep the causes of urinary incontinence helpful to identify basic disorders of USI.

Abstract WP164: Role of Risk Factors in the Paradoxical Effect of Smoking on Peri-procedural Stroke in SAMMPRIS

Stroke ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine A Holmstedt ◽  
Tanya N Turan ◽  
Michael J Lynn ◽  
Bethany F Lane ◽  
Jean Montgomery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Intracranial Stenosis ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Never Smokers

Background: A previous SAMMPRIS analysis of patients randomized to stenting showed that peri-procedural ischemic infarcts were significantly associated with diabetes, basilar stenosis, age, and smoking status with never smokers having a higher risk (odds ratio = 8.8, p< 0.001). We sought to determine if this finding could be due to a higher burden of other risk factors in never smokers. Method: Baseline features in 213 patients undergoing stenting in SAMMPRIS were compared between never smokers vs. former and current smokers in univariate and multivariate analyses. Logistic regression was used to determine the effect of smoking on peri-procedural ischemic infarcts after adjusting for factors related to smoking. Data: Univariate results are shown in Table 1. Never smokers were significantly (P<0.05) more likely to be female, diabetic, hypertensive, and have another intracranial stenosis, but in multivariate analyses only hypertension and another intracranial stenosis remained significantly (P<0.05) associated with smoking status. In a multivariate model that incorporated hypertension and another intracranial stenosis along with smoking status, diabetes, basilar stenosis, and age, smoking status remained significant with an increased risk among patients who never smoked (odds ratio = 5.3, p = 0.005). Conclusion: While never smokers had significantly higher rates of some risk factors compared to active or previous smokers, these risk factors do not explain all the increased risk of early stroke in never smokers after stenting in SAMMPRIS. Another contributory factor may be that smoking accelerates the conversion of clopidogrel to its active form.

scholarly journals The role of young children in a community-wide outbreak of hepatitis A

1997 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. SMITH ◽  
J. C. GRABAU ◽  
A. WERZBERGER ◽  
R. A. GUNN ◽  
H. R. ROLKA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Jewish Community ◽  
Attack Rate ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Recurrent Hepatitis

An Hasidic Jewish community has experienced recurrent hepatitis A outbreaks since 1980. To assess risk factors for illness during a 1985–6 outbreak, the authors reviewed case records and randomly selected 93 households for an interview and serologic survey. In the outbreak, 117 cases of hepatitis A were identified, with the highest attack rate (4·2%) among 3–5 year olds. Among the survey households, the presence of 3–5 year olds was the only risk factor that increased a household's risk of hepatitis A (indeterminant relative risk, P=0·02). Furthermore, case households from the outbreak were more likely to have 3–5 year olds than were control households from the survey (odds ratio=16·4, P<0·001). Children 3–5 years old were more likely to have hepatitis A and may have been the most frequent transmitters of hepatitis A in this community. Hepatitis A vaccination of 3–5 year olds can protect this age group and might prevent future outbreaks in this community.

Role of Inherited Thrombophilia Risk Factors in Patients with CKD-5 Receiving Haemodialysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Dimitra Liapi ◽  
Aikaterini Sfiridaki ◽  
Aikaterini Livadiotaki ◽  
Athanasios Alegakis ◽  
Kostas Stylianou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Mthfr C677t ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Unknown Aetiology ◽  
Vascular Events ◽  
Thrombophilic Mutations

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The inherited thrombophilic mutations of the factor V gene (FVG1691A Leiden-FVL), prothrombin gene (PTG20210A), and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene C677T (MTHFR C677T) are risk factors for thromboembolic events and are related to the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The main objective of this study was to explore the role of these factors in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and survival of patients with CKD-5 receiving haemodialysis. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A cohort of 395 patients with CKD-5 on haemodialysis, from 6 dialysis units in Crete, Greece were recruited based on their medical records and were followed for 5 years. We collected data on CKD-5 aetiology, thrombophilic gene expression, vascular access thrombosis, time of death, and causes of death. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The mutated genes just as prevalent in patients with CKD-5 as they were in a control group with no renal disease (<i>p</i> &#x3e; 0.05). FVL heterozygosity was significantly more prevalent (11.4 vs. 5.7%; <i>p</i> = 0.036) in patients presented with CKD of unknown aetiology, compared to CKD secondary to known aetiologies. The survival of patients with CKD-5 receiving haemodialysis was not affected by the presence of any thrombophilic mutation. This held true for the whole cohort and for the cohort that included only lethal vascular events. Most patients with MTHFR C677T heterozygosity, and all patients with MTHFR C677T homozygosity, died from vascular events during the follow-up period. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The FVL mutation may act as a risk factor for CKD. This study increases our understanding of molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of CKD of unknown aetiology. Τhe presence of thrombophilic mutations did not affect the overall survival of patients with CKD-5. This finding probably reflects the effect of medical care on patient outcomes.

scholarly journals Peripheral venous thrombophlebitis risk and the role of hand washing

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Neopane
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Peripheral Vein ◽  
Vein Cannulation ◽  
Important Complication ◽  
Risk Reducing ◽  
Intravenous Medication

Background: Thrombophlebitis is an important complication of peripheral vein cannulation. Various factors are known to increase the risk of thrombophlebitis and have been studied by different authors. Regarding factors leading to risk reduction of thrombophlebitis aseptic measures taken during insertion has been an important factor. However handwashing and its role in reducing the incidence of thrombophlebitis have not been studied. The objective of this study was to find the risk reducing role of hand washing in incidence of thrombophlebitis. Methods: A prospective observational hospital based study was designed and conducted among patients admitted for intravenous medication or infusion and needed cannulation. They were followed and evaluated for various risk factors and onset of thrombophlebitis. Results expressed as relative risk and odds ratio. Results: Hand washing is the single most important risk reducing factor for development of peripheral vein thrombophlebitis in patients in whom peripheral vein cannulation is done. The odds ratio of developing thrombophlebitis in hand washing group was only 0.25 (95% CI .07-.82) and RR was 0.78 (95% CI.64-.94) with p=.017. Conclusion: Six step hand washing was the single most useful factor for reducing the risk of thrombophlebitis. Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences | Volume 02 | Number 01 | Jan-Jun 2013 | Page 26-29 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v2i1.7647

Urgent Adenotonsillectomy

2003 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 586-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen A. Brown ◽  
Isabelle Morin ◽  
Chantal Hickey ◽  
John J. Manoukian ◽  
Gillian M. Nixon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Respiratory Complications ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Postoperative Respiratory Complications

Background The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and type of respiratory complications after urgent adenotonsillectomy (study group) for comparison with a control group of children undergoing a sleep study and adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. A second aim was to assess risk factors predictive of respiratory complications after urgent adenotonsillectomy. Methods The perioperative course of children who underwent adenotonsillectomy between January 1, 1999, and March 31, 2001, was reviewed. Two groups of children were identified from two different databases: the hospital database for surgical procedures (the study group) and the sleep laboratory database (the control group). The retrospective chart review focused on the preoperative status (including an evaluation for obstructive sleep apnea), anesthetic management, and need for postoperative respiratory interventions. Results A total of 64 consecutive cases for urgent adenotonsillectomy were identified, and 54 children met the inclusion criteria. Thirty-three children (60%) had postoperative respiratory complications necessitating a medical intervention; 11 (20.3%) required a major intervention (reintubation, ventilation, and/or administration of racemic epinephrine or Ventolin), and 22 (40.7%) required a minor intervention (oxygen administration). Six children (11.1%) required reintubation in the recovery room for respiratory compromise. Risk factors for respiratory complications were an associated medical condition (odds ratio, 8.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.81-36.73) and a preoperative saturation nadir less than 80% (odds ratio, 5.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.15-26.72). Sixteen (49%) of the medical interventions were required within the first postoperative hour. Atropine administration, at induction, decreased the risk of postoperative respiratory complications (odds ratio, 0.18; 95% confidence interval, 0.11-1.050. Control Group Of 75 children who underwent a sleep study and adenotonsillectomy, 44 had sleep apnea and were admitted to hospital after elective adenotonsillectomy. Sixteen (36.4%) children had postoperative respiratory complications necessitating a medical intervention. Six percent of the children (n = 3) required a major medical intervention. No child required reintubation for respiratory compromise. Conclusions Severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and an associated medical condition are risk factors for postadenotonsillectomy respiratory complications. Risk reductions strategies should focus on their assessment.

Inpatient Falls after Total Knee Arthroplasty

2014 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stavros G. Memtsoudis ◽  
Thomas Danninger ◽  
Rehana Rasul ◽  
Jashvant Poeran ◽  
Philipp Gerner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Orthopedic Procedures ◽  
Inpatient Falls ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
Anesthesia Technique

Abstract Background: Much controversy remains on the role of anesthesia technique and peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) in inpatient falls (IFs) after orthopedic procedures. The aim of the study is to characterize cases of IFs, identify risk factors, and study the role of PNB and anesthesia technique in IF risk in total knee arthroplasty patients. Methods: The authors selected total knee arthroplasty patients from the national Premier Perspective database (Premier Inc., Charlotte, NC; 2006–2010; n = 191,570, &gt;400 acute care hospitals). The primary outcome was IF. Patient- and healthcare system–related characteristics, anesthesia technique, and presence of PNB were determined for IF and non-IF patients. Independent risk factors for IFs were determined by using conventional and multilevel logistic regression. Results: Overall, IF incidence was 1.6% (n = 3,042). Distribution of anesthesia technique was 10.9% neuraxial, 12.9% combined neuraxial/general, and 76.2% general anesthesia. PNB was used in 12.1%. Patients suffering IFs were older (average age, 68.9 vs. 66.3 yr), had higher comorbidity burden (average Deyo index, 0.77 vs. 0.66), and had more major complications, including 30-day mortality (0.8 vs. 0.1%; all P &lt; 0.001). Use of neuraxial anesthesia (IF incidence, 1.3%; n = 280) had lower adjusted odds of IF compared with adjusted odds of IF with the use of general anesthesia alone (IF incidence, 1.6%; n = 2,393): odds ratio, 0.70 (95% CI, 0.56–0.87). PNB was not significantly associated with IF (odds ratio, 0.85 [CI, 0.71–1.03]). Conclusions: This study identifies several risk factors for IF in total knee arthroplasty patients. Contrary to common concerns, no association was found between PNB and IF. Further studies should determine the role of anesthesia practices in the context of fall-prevention programs.

Helicobacter pylori and Bleeding Duodenal Ulcer: Prevalence of the Infection and Role of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs

2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 717-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Gisbert ◽  
L. Gonzalez ◽  
A. de Pedro ◽  
M. Valbuena ◽  
B. Prieto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Duodenal Ulcer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Bleeding Duodenal Ulcer

scholarly journals Melatonin Level Variations with Different Behavioural Risk Factors in Obese Female Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Malazonia ◽  
Tamar Zerekidze ◽  
Elen Giorgadze ◽  
Natia Chkheidze ◽  
Ketevan Asatiani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Melatonin Level ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Behavioural Risk Factors ◽  
Obese Female ◽  
Behavioural Factors

AIM: The role of behavioural factors and sleep duration and quality is important in the pathogenesis of obesity. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of behavioural risk factors on melatonin secretion in women.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In total, 120 female patients were enrolled in the study and divided into two groups according to the body mass index. Detailed history, anthropometric measurements, urine and blood samples were evaluated for each patient.RESULTS: Two groups significantly differed in weight, BMI, and waist circumference, and were 94.2 ± 14.9 kg, 33.4 ± 5.23 kg/m2 and 99.2 ± 12.6 cm for the study group and 56.0 ± 5.2 kg, 20.0 ± 1.8 kg/m2 and 60.1 ± 10.4 cm for the control group, respectively, sleep disruptions were detected in 48 patients from study group, with mean score 6.76 ± 3.6, and only 10 patients were detected in the control group, with mean score 4.42 ± 1.68. Eating disturbances were revealed in 66 patients from the study group and 21 patients from the control group. Melatonin levels were 17% higher in the study group, compared to control group.CONCLUSION: Higher melatonin levels in patients with obesity and concomitant behavioural impairments may be due to its protective effect to fight free radicals and to induce vasodilatation. Further studies are needed to confirm our finding.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document