scholarly journals Cedecea davisae’s Role in a Polymicrobial Lung Infection in a Cystic Fibrosis Patient

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thayer G. Ismaael ◽  
Eleana M. Zamora ◽  
Faisal A. Khasawneh
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Burkholderia Cepacia ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Lung Infection ◽  
Emerging Pathogen ◽  
The Family ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Airway Colonization

Chronic airway colonization and infection are the hallmark of cystic fibrosis (CF).Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, andBurkholderia cepaciaare well-documented bacterial culprits in this chronic suppurative airway disease. Advanced molecular diagnostics have uncovered a possible role of a larger group of microorganisms in CF.Cedeceais a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae and is an emerging pathogen. We present a case of a polymicrobial healthcare-associated pneumonia in a CF patient caused byCedecea davisae, among other bacteria.

scholarly journals Microbiology of airway disease in patients with cystic fibrosis.

1991 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
P H Gilligan
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Lung Infection ◽  
Pseudomonas Cepacia ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristic ◽  
Airway Infection ◽  
The Family ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Individuals with cystic fibrosis have abbreviated life spans primarily due to chronic airway infection. A limited number of types of organisms are responsible for these infections, with Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa being of primary importance. In the pre-antibiotic era, greater than 90% of deaths due to infection were caused by S. aureus and death usually occurred in the first 2 years of life. With the advent of effective antistaphylococcal therapy, life spans increased and P. aeruginosa became the pathogen of primary importance. P. aeruginosa isolates recovered from patients with cystic fibrosis have a unique phenotypic characteristic referred to as "mucoid." The mucoid phenotype is due to the production of a mucoid exopolysaccharide. A mucoid exopolysaccharide is believed to play a central role in the establishment of chronic pseudomonal lung infection in these patients. A third organism, Pseudomonas cepacia, has recently been detected in the airways of older patients with cystic fibrosis and is associated with increased mortality. The virulence of P. cepacia is not understood, but the organism is extremely refractory to antimicrobial therapy. Other bacteria, including Haemophilus influenzae and members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, appear to play a secondary role in airway infection. Aspergillus fumigatus is the most important fungal agent causing allergic bronchopulmonary disease. The role of viruses has only recently been examined. At least in some patients with cystic fibrosis, respiratory syncytial virus may be important in predisposing to subsequent bacterial infections.

scholarly journals Sodium Nitrite-Mediated Killing of the Major Cystic Fibrosis Pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Burkholderia cepacia under Anaerobic Planktonic and Biofilm Conditions

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 4671-4677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany A. Major ◽  
Warunya Panmanee ◽  
Joel E. Mortensen ◽  
Larry D. Gray ◽  
Niel Hoglen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Sodium Nitrite ◽  
Burkholderia Cepacia ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Resistant Organism ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant

ABSTRACT A hallmark of airways in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is highly refractory, chronic infections by several opportunistic bacterial pathogens. A recent study demonstrated that acidified sodium nitrite (A-NO2 −) killed the highly refractory mucoid form of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a pathogen that significantly compromises lung function in CF patients (S. S. Yoon et al., J. Clin. Invest. 116:436-446, 2006). Therefore, the microbicidal activity of A-NO2 − (pH 6.5) against the following three major CF pathogens was assessed: P. aeruginosa (a mucoid, mucA22 mutant and a sequenced nonmucoid strain, PAO1), Staphylococcus aureus USA300 (methicillin resistant), and Burkholderia cepacia, a notoriously antibiotic-resistant organism. Under planktonic, anaerobic conditions, growth of all strains except for P. aeruginosa PAO1 was inhibited by 7.24 mM (512 μg ml−1 NO2 −). B. cepacia was particularly sensitive to low concentrations of A-NO2 − (1.81 mM) under planktonic conditions. In antibiotic-resistant communities known as biofilms, which are reminiscent of end-stage CF airway disease, A-NO2 − killed mucoid P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and B. cepacia; 1 to 2 logs of cells were killed after a 2-day incubation with a single dose of ∼15 mM A-NO2 −. Animal toxicology and phase I human trials indicate that these bactericidal levels of A-NO2 − can be easily attained by aerosolization. Thus, in summary, we demonstrate that A-NO2 − is very effective at killing these important CF pathogens and could be effective in other infectious settings, particularly under anaerobic conditions where bacterial defenses against the reduction product of A-NO2 −, nitric oxide (NO), are dramatically reduced.

scholarly journals Cystic Fibrosis Sputum Impairs the Ability of Neutrophils to Kill Staphylococcus aureus

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 703
Author(s):  
Kayla Fantone ◽  
Samantha L. Tucker ◽  
Arthur Miller ◽  
Ruchi Yadav ◽  
Eryn E. Bernardy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Trap ◽  
Lung Function Decline ◽  
Bacterial Killing ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis Sputum ◽  
Microbial Infections

Cystic fibrosis (CF) airway disease is characterized by chronic microbial infections and infiltration of inflammatory polymorphonuclear (PMN) granulocytes. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a major lung pathogen in CF that persists despite the presence of PMNs and has been associated with CF lung function decline. While PMNs represent the main mechanism of the immune system to kill S. aureus, it remains largely unknown why PMNs fail to eliminate S. aureus in CF. The goal of this study was to observe how the CF airway environment affects S. aureus killing by PMNs. PMNs were isolated from the blood of healthy volunteers and CF patients. Clinical isolates of S. aureus were obtained from the airways of CF patients. The results show that PMNs from healthy volunteers were able to kill all CF isolates and laboratory strains of S. aureus tested in vitro. The extent of killing varied among strains. When PMNs were pretreated with supernatants of CF sputum, S. aureus killing was significantly inhibited suggesting that the CF airway environment compromises PMN antibacterial functions. CF blood PMNs were capable of killing S. aureus. Although bacterial killing was inhibited with CF sputum, PMN binding and phagocytosis of S. aureus was not diminished. The S. aureus-induced respiratory burst and neutrophil extracellular trap release from PMNs also remained uninhibited by CF sputum. In summary, our data demonstrate that the CF airway environment limits killing of S. aureus by PMNs and provides a new in vitro experimental model to study this phenomenon and its mechanism.

scholarly journals The Virulence Potential of Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Cultured from the Airways of Cystic Fibrosis Patients

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 360
Author(s):  
Janina Treffon ◽  
Sarah Ann Fotiadis ◽  
Sarah van Alen ◽  
Karsten Becker ◽  
Barbara C. Kahl
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Airway Epithelial Cells ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Airway Epithelial ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Virulence Potential ◽  
Airway Infections ◽  
Severe Infections

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common pathogens that infects the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and contributes to respiratory failure. Recently, livestock-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (LA-MRSA), usually cultured in farm animals, were detected in CF airways. Although some of these strains are able to establish severe infections in humans, there is limited knowledge about the role of LA-MRSA virulence in CF lung disease. To address this issue, we analyzed LA-MRSA, hospital-associated (HA-) MRSA and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) clinical isolates recovered early in the course of airway infection and several years after persistence in this hostile environment from pulmonary specimens of nine CF patients regarding important virulence traits such as their hemolytic activity, biofilm formation, invasion in airway epithelial cells, cytotoxicity, and antibiotic susceptibility. We detected that CF LA-MRSA isolates were resistant to tetracycline, more hemolytic and cytotoxic than HA-MRSA, and more invasive than MSSA. Despite the residence in the animal host, LA-MRSA still represent a serious threat to humans, as such clones possess a virulence potential similar or even higher than that of HA-MRSA. Furthermore, we confirmed that S. aureus individually adapts to the airways of CF patients, which eventually impedes the success of antistaphylococcal therapy of airway infections in CF.

scholarly journals Empyema in a Woman with Cystic Fibrosis: A Cautionary Tale

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Anne Coates ◽  
Oren Schaefer ◽  
Karl Uy ◽  
Brian P. O'Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Burkholderia Cepacia ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Pleural Empyema ◽  
Unusual Complication ◽  
Pigtail Catheter ◽  
Cautionary Tale ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Suppurative Lung Disease

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a disease which predisposes individuals to recurrent infective exacerbations of suppurative lung disease; however, empyema is a rare complication in these patients. Empyemas secondary toStaphylococcus aureusandBurkholderia cepaciahave been described in patients with CF. We report the case of pleural empyema with mixedS. aureusandPseudomonas aeruginosainfection in a 34-year-old woman with CF, which was managed with ultrasound-guided pigtail catheter insertion, fibrinolysis, and antibiotic therapy. Physicians should be aware of this unusual complication in CF patients, especially those receiving an immunosuppressive therapy.

scholarly journals Mucoid morphotype variation of Burkholderia multivorans during chronic cystic fibrosis lung infection is correlated with changes in metabolism, motility, biofilm formation and virulence

Microbiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 157 (11) ◽  
pp. 3124-3137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inês N. Silva ◽  
Ana S. Ferreira ◽  
Jörg D. Becker ◽  
James E. A. Zlosnik ◽  
David P. Speert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Burkholderia Cepacia ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Lung Infection ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Burkholderia Multivorans ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) bacteria are opportunistic pathogens infecting hosts such as cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Long-term Bcc infection of CF patients’ airways has been associated with emergence of phenotypic variation. Here we studied two Burkholderia multivorans clonal isolates displaying different morphotypes from a chronically infected CF patient to evaluate trait development during lung infection. Expression profiling of mucoid D2095 and non-mucoid D2214 isolates revealed decreased expression of genes encoding products related to virulence-associated traits and metabolism in D2214. Furthermore, D2214 showed no exopolysaccharide production, lower motility and chemotaxis, and more biofilm formation, particularly under microaerophilic conditions, than the clonal mucoid isolate D2095. When Galleria mellonella was used as acute infection model, D2214 at a cell number of approximately 7×106 c.f.u. caused a higher survival rate than D2095, although 6 days post-infection most of the larvae were dead. Infection with the same number of cells by mucoid D2095 caused larval death by day 4. The decreased expression of genes involved in carbon and nitrogen metabolism may reflect lower metabolic needs of D2214 caused by lack of exopolysaccharide, but also by the attenuation of pathways not required for survival. As a result, D2214 showed higher survival than D2095 in minimal medium for 28 days under aerobic conditions. Overall, adaptation during Bcc chronic lung infections gave rise to genotypic and phenotypic variation among isolates, contributing to their fitness while maintaining their capacity for survival in this opportunistic human niche.

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