scholarly journals The Role of the Intestinal Context in the Generation of Tolerance and Inflammation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo Sgarbi Reis ◽  
Daniel Mucida
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
System A ◽  
Enormous Amount

The mucosal surface of the intestine alone forms the largest area exposed to exogenous antigens as well as the largest collection of lymphoid tissue in the body. The enormous amount of nonpathogenic and pathogenic bacteria and food-derived antigens that we are daily exposed sets an interesting challenge to the immune system: a protective immune activity must coexist with efficient regulatory mechanisms in order to maintain a health status of these organisms. This paper discusses how the immune system assimilates the perturbations from the environment without generating tissue damage.

scholarly journals Fascinating Dendritic Cells—Sentinel Cells of the Immune System a Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Z. Kiššová ◽  
Ľ. Tkáčiková
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Tumour Immunity ◽  
System A ◽  
Antigen Presenting

Abstract Dendritic cells (DC) are specialized antigen presenting cells which have the unique ability to activate naive T-lymphocytes. Their role in the immune system is much more sophisticated than it seems, as they do not kill the pathogens directly, but provide a long-lasting antigen specific immune response thanks to that sufficiently bridging the innate and the adaptive immunity. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in studies of their role in immune regulation, autoimmune reactions, as well as in immune responses against pathogens and tumours. Processing and presentation capabilities of a highly specific and unique tumour antigen makes them an interesting tool for stimulating effective anti-tumour immunity. In vitro generations of DC represent a preferred model for more detailed studies of DC biology in other fields. The aim of this review was to discuss the main role of dendritic cells in the body as well as their current use as experimental models for further scientific studies.

Role of Rasayana in Prevention of COVID-19 - A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 716-722
Author(s):  
Sneha Dhakite ◽  
Sadhana Misar Wajpeyi
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Healthy Life Style ◽  
And Control

The “Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)” is caused by “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)”, a newly discovered member of the Coronaviridae family of viruses which is a highly communicable. There is no effective medical treatment till date for Coronavirus disease hence prevention is the best way to keep disease away. Rasayana proved to be highly efficacious and cost effective for the Prevention and Control of viral infections when vaccines and standard therapies are lacking. Rasayana Chikitsa is one of the eight branches of Ashtanga Ayurveda which helps to maintain healthy life style. Rasayana improves immunity and performs many vital functions of human body. Vyadhikshamatva that is immune mechanism of the body is involved in Prevention of the occurrence of a new disease and it also decreases the virulence and progression of an existing disease. In COVID-19 the Respiratory system mainly get affected which is evident from its symptoms like cold, cough and breathlessness. Here the drugs help in enhancing immune system and strengthening functions of Respiratory system can be useful. For this purpose, the Rasayana like Chyavanprasha, Agastya Haritaki, Pippali Rasayana, Guduchi, Yashtimadhu, Haridra, Ashwagandha, Tulsi are used. Rasayana working on Respiratory system are best for Prevention of Coronavirus and boosting immune system. Rasayana Chikitsa can be effective in the Prevention as well as reducing symptoms of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Prenatal and Perinatal Environmental Influences Shaping the Neonatal Immune System: A Focus on Asthma and Allergy Origins

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 3962
Author(s):  
Azahara María García-Serna ◽  
Elena Martín-Orozco ◽  
Trinidad Hernández-Caselles ◽  
Eva Morales
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Pet Ownership ◽  
System A ◽  
Neonatal Immune System ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Asthma And Allergy

It is suggested that programming of the immune system starts before birth and is shaped by environmental influences acting during critical windows of susceptibility for human development. Prenatal and perinatal exposure to physiological, biological, physical, or chemical factors can trigger permanent, irreversible changes to the developing immune system, which may be reflected in cord blood of neonates. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the evidence on the role of the prenatal and perinatal environment, including season of birth, mode of delivery, exposure to common allergens, a farming environment, pet ownership, and exposure to tobacco smoking and pollutants, in shaping the immune cell populations and cytokines at birth in humans. We also discuss how reported disruptions in the immune system at birth might contribute to the development of asthma and related allergic manifestations later in life.

Hormonal modulation of the immune system — A spotlight on the role of progestogens

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 536-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene J. Tan ◽  
Elena Peeva ◽  
Gisele Zandman-Goddard
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
System A ◽  
Hormonal Modulation

scholarly journals Apoptosis Modulation in the Immune System Reveals a Role of Neutrophils in Tissue Damage in a Murine Model of Chlamydial Genital Infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 217 (11) ◽  
pp. 1832-1843
Author(s):  
Tom Zortel ◽  
Annette Schmitt-Graeff ◽  
Susanne Kirschnek ◽  
Georg Häcker
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Genital Infection

Infection and immunity

2021 ◽  
pp. 853-920
Keyword(s):  
Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
The Body ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Repair Mechanisms ◽  
Antigen Presenting ◽  
Different Cell Types

‘Infection and immunity’ considers the response of the body to pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, prions, fungi, and parasites, which are discussed in terms of their nature, life cycle, and modes of infection. The role of the immune system in defence against infection is discussed, including innate and adaptive (acquired) immunity, antigens, the major histocompatibility complex, and the different cell types involved (antigen-presenting cells, T-cells, and B-cells). The mechanisms and cellular basis of inflammation are considered, as are post-infection repair mechanisms, and pathologies of the immune system such as hypersensitivity, autoimmunity and transplantations, and immunodeficiency (both primary and secondary to other diseases).

Conscious self-regulation in the system «frustration — aggression»

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. Banshchikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Psychological Predictors ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
System A ◽  
Standard Mode

The article presents the results of an empirical study of the role of conscious self-regulation in the “frustration — aggression” system. A sample of teachers (N = 247) collected data on conscious self-regulation (questionnaire Selfregulation style of educational activity), the level of aggressiveness (Bass-Darki questionnaire), the level of social frustration (Wasserman questionnaire, etc.) ... The place of frustration among external and internal factors causing aggression has been determined; the structure of the connection between conscious self-regulation and aggression has been established. An empirical model of psychological predictors of aggression was constructed using the method of modeling by structural equations. The results demonstrate a significant contribution of conscious self-regulation to the “frustration — aggression” system. Conscious self-regulation acts as a resource for reducing the likelihood of aggressive manifestations at the stage of evaluating the results, when it becomes necessary to assess the situation caused, to search for a new meaning in achieving the goal. The developed ability to assess the results in a standard mode allows you to compensate for some personality traits. The regulatory and personal properties of independence and flexibility act as a kind of guides in the “frustration — aggression” system in cases where the effectiveness of achieving the goal is threatened. The results obtained make it possible to deepen the understanding of the resource role of regulatory mechanisms in conditions of frustration.

scholarly journals A New Perspective of Acupuncture: The Interaction among Three Networks Leads to Neutralization

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning-cen Li ◽  
Ming-yue Li ◽  
Bo Chen ◽  
Yi Guo
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Large Network ◽  
Disease Network ◽  
Nociceptive Stimulus ◽  
Acupuncture Effect ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Cascade Amplification ◽  
Reaction Cascades

Acupuncture has been used to treat multiple medical conditions, but whether the diverse effects of acupuncture are intrinsically linked and how they might be connected have yet to be determined. More and more researches have shown that acupuncture is a kind of nociceptive stimulus, which can cause inflammatory reaction in the sites of acupuncture and then further activate the nerve-endocrine-immune systems to cause the cascade amplification of the acupuncture effect. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive summary of the existing literature concerning the role of “acupoint-meridian-disease network” in various effects of acupuncture and suggest a novel notion that acupuncture may restore homeostasis under different pathological conditions by regulating this network, resulting in the activation of different reaction cascades in response to pathological injury. We think that acupuncture acts on acupoints, first activating the small network of acupoints (Acupoint Network). The information of acupuncture is amplified by cascade, and the nerve endocrine immune system (NEI) is activated through the large network of meridians (Meridian Network) of the body itself. The nerve-endocrine-immune system (NEI) further outputs the effect information to the target organ through multilevel and multisystems and finally acts on the disease network (Disease Network) to produce acupuncture effect.

The mental health status of Latino children in the public child welfare system: a look at the role of generation and origin

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Ayón ◽  
Judy Krysik ◽  
Karen Gerdes ◽  
David Androff ◽  
David Becerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Child Welfare ◽  
Child Welfare System ◽  
Welfare System ◽  
Mental Health Status ◽  
Latino Children ◽  
The Public ◽  
System A

scholarly journals The Gut Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis: An Overview of Clinical Trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1507-1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Schepici ◽  
Serena Silvestro ◽  
Placido Bramanti ◽  
Emanuela Mazzon
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
System A ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Review Reports

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, demyelinating, and degenerative disease that affects the central nervous system. A recent study showed that interaction between the immune system and the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the development of MS. This review reports the clinical studies carried out in recent years that aimed to evaluate the composition of the microbiota in patients with relapsing–remitting MS (RR-MS). We also report what is available in the literature regarding the effectiveness of fecal microbiota transplantation and the role of the diet in restoring the intestinal bacterial population. Studies report that patients with RR-MS have a microbiota that, compared with healthy controls, has higher amounts of Pedobacteria, Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, Mycoplana, Acinetobacter, Eggerthella, Dorea, Blautia, Streptococcus and Akkermansia. In contrast, MS patients have a microbiota with impoverished microbial populations of Prevotella, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Haemophilus, Sutterella, Adlercreutzia, Coprobacillus, Lactobacillus, Clostridium, Anaerostipes and Faecalibacterium. In conclusion, the restoration of the microbial population in patients with RR-MS appears to reduce inflammatory events and the reactivation of the immune system.

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