scholarly journals Artificial Specific Binders Directly Recovered from Chemically Modified Nucleic Acid Libraries

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuuya Kasahara ◽  
Masayasu Kuwahara
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Chemical Modifications ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
Nucleotide Analogs ◽  
Enzymatic Production ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Nucleic Acid Aptamers

Specific binders comprised of nucleic acids, that is, RNA/DNA aptamers, are attractive functional biopolymers owing to their potential broad application in medicine, food hygiene, environmental analysis, and biological research. Despite the large number of reports on selection of natural DNA/RNA aptamers, there are not many examples of direct screening of chemically modified nucleic acid aptamers. This is because of (i) the inferior efficiency and accuracy of polymerase reactions involving transcription/reverse-transcription of modified nucleotides compared with those of natural nucleotides, (ii) technical difficulties and additional time and effort required when using modified nucleic acid libraries, and (iii) ambiguous efficacies of chemical modifications in binding properties until recently; in contrast, the effects of chemical modifications on biostability are well studied using various nucleotide analogs. Although reports on the direct screening of a modified nucleic acid library remain in the minority, chemical modifications would be essential when further functional expansion of nucleic acid aptamers, in particular for medical and biological uses, is considered. This paper focuses on enzymatic production of chemically modified nucleic acids and their application to random screenings. In addition, recent advances and possible future research are also described.

scholarly journals Barcoding chemical modifications into nucleic acids improves drug stability in vivo

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (44) ◽  
pp. 7197-7203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cory D. Sago ◽  
Sujay Kalathoor ◽  
Jordan P. Fitzgerald ◽  
Gwyneth N. Lando ◽  
Naima Djeddar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Drug Stability ◽  
Chemical Modifications

The efficacy of nucleic acid therapies can be limited by unwanted degradation.

scholarly journals RNA Chemistry for RNA Biology

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 368-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Röthlisberger ◽  
Christian Berk ◽  
Jonathan Hall
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Chemical Biology ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
Chemical Modifications ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rna Biology ◽  
Modified Nucleic Acids

Advances in the chemical synthesis of RNA have opened new possibilities to address current questions in RNA biology. Access to site-specifically modified oligoribonucleotides is often a pre-requisite for RNA chemical-biology projects. Driven by the enormous research efforts for development of oligonucleotide therapeutics, a wide range of chemical modifications have been developed to modulate the intrinsic properties of nucleic acids in order to fit their use as therapeutics or research tools. The RNA synthesis platform, supported by the NCCR RNA & Disease, aims to provide access to a large variety of chemically modified nucleic acids. In this review, we describe some of the recent projects that involved work of the platform and highlight how RNA chemistry supports new discoveries in RNA biology.

Improved Anti-Prion Nucleic Acid Aptamers by Incorporation of Chemical Modifications

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 414-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jussara Amato ◽  
Tsukasa Mashima ◽  
Yuji O. Kamatari ◽  
Kazuo Kuwata ◽  
Ettore Novellino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Chemical Modifications ◽  
Nucleic Acid Aptamers

scholarly journals Bridged Nucleic Acids Reloaded

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Soler-Bistué ◽  
Angeles Zorreguieta ◽  
Marcelo E. Tolmasky
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Nucleotide Analogs ◽  
Great Hope ◽  
Locked Nucleic Acids ◽  
Near Future

Oligonucleotides are key compounds widely used for research, diagnostics, and therapeutics. The rapid increase in oligonucleotide-based applications, together with the progress in nucleic acids research, led to the design of nucleotide analogs that when being part of these oligomers enhance their efficiency, bioavailability, or stability. One of the most useful nucleotide analogs are the first-generation bridge nucleic acids (BNA), also known as locked nucleic acids (LNA), which were used in combination with ribonucleotides, deoxyribonucleotides, or other analogs to construct oligomers with diverse applications. However, there is still room to improve their efficiency, bioavailability, stability, and, importantly, toxicity. A second generation BNA, BNANC (2'-O,4'-aminoethylene bridged nucleic acid), has been recently made available. Oligomers containing these analogs not only showed less toxicity when compared to LNA-containing compounds but in some cases also exhibited higher specificity. Although there are still few applications where BNANC-containing compounds were researched, the results are very promising warranting more efforts in incorporating these analogs for other applications. Furthermore, newer BNA compounds will be introduced in the near future offering great hope to oligonucleotide-based fields of research and applications.

scholarly journals Bridged Nucleic Acids Reloaded

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 2297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Soler-Bistué ◽  
Angeles Zorreguieta ◽  
Marcelo E. Tolmasky
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Nucleotide Analogs ◽  
Great Hope ◽  
Locked Nucleic Acids ◽  
Near Future

Oligonucleotides are key compounds widely used for research, diagnostics, and therapeutics. The rapid increase in oligonucleotide-based applications, together with the progress in nucleic acids research, has led to the design of nucleotide analogs that, when part of these oligomers, enhance their efficiency, bioavailability, or stability. One of the most useful nucleotide analogs is the first-generation bridged nucleic acids (BNA), also known as locked nucleic acids (LNA), which were used in combination with ribonucleotides, deoxyribonucleotides, or other analogs to construct oligomers with diverse applications. However, there is still room to improve their efficiency, bioavailability, stability, and, importantly, toxicity. A second-generation BNA, BNANC (2′-O,4′-aminoethylene bridged nucleic acid), has been recently made available. Oligomers containing these analogs not only showed less toxicity when compared to LNA-containing compounds but, in some cases, also exhibited higher specificity. Although there are still few applications where BNANC-containing compounds have been researched, the promising results warrant more effort in incorporating these analogs for other applications. Furthermore, newer BNA compounds will be introduced in the near future, offering great hope to oligonucleotide-based fields of research and applications.

scholarly journals Advances in Therapeutic L-Nucleosides and L-Nucleic Acids with Unusual Handedness

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Yuliya Dantsu ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Wen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Tertiary Structures ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Modified Dna ◽  
Target Binding ◽  
Oligonucleotide Analogues ◽  
Drug Delivery Devices

Nucleic-acid-based small molecule and oligonucleotide therapies are attractive topics due to their potential for effective target of disease-related modules and specific control of disease gene expression. As the non-naturally occurring biomolecules, modified DNA/RNA nucleoside and oligonucleotide analogues composed of L-(deoxy)riboses, have been designed and applied as innovative therapeutics with superior plasma stability, weakened cytotoxicity, and inexistent immunogenicity. Although all the chiral centers in the backbone are mirror converted from the natural D-nucleic acids, L-nucleic acids are equipped with the same nucleobases (A, G, C and U or T), which are critical to maintain the programmability and form adaptable tertiary structures for target binding. The types of L-nucleic acid drugs are increasingly varied, from chemically modified nucleoside analogues that interact with pathogenic polymerases to nanoparticles containing hundreds of repeating L-nucleotides that circulate durably in vivo. This article mainly reviews three different aspects of L-nucleic acid therapies, including pharmacological L-nucleosides, Spiegelmers as specific target-binding aptamers, and L-nanostructures as effective drug-delivery devices.

scholarly journals In vitro evolution of chemically-modified nucleic acid aptamers: Pros and cons, and comprehensive selection strategies

RNA Biology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1232-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhana Lipi ◽  
Suxiang Chen ◽  
Madhuri Chakravarthy ◽  
Shilpa Rakesh ◽  
Rakesh N. Veedu
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
In Vitro Evolution ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Nucleic Acid Aptamers ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
Pros And Cons

Biological applications of xeno nucleic acids

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunihiko Morihiro ◽  
Yuuya Kasahara ◽  
Satoshi Obika
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Antisense Oligonucleotides ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Nucleic Acid Analogues

Xeno nucleic acids (XNAs) are a group of chemically modified nucleic acid analogues that have been applied to various biological technologies such as antisense oligonucleotides, siRNAs and aptamers.

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