scholarly journals Incorporating a Sorghum Habitat for Enhancing Lady Beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Cotton

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Tillman ◽  
T. E. Cottrell
Keyword(s):  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Coccinella Septempunctata ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Coleomegilla Maculata ◽  
Hippodamia Convergens ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Lady Beetles ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact

Lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) prey on insect pests in cotton. The objective of this 2 yr on-farm study was to document the impact of a grain sorghum trap crop on the density of Coccinellidae on nearby cotton.Scymnusspp.,Coccinella septempunctata(L.),Hippodamia convergensGuérin-Méneville,Harmonia axyridis(Pallas),Coleomegilla maculata(De Geer),Cycloneda munda(Say), andOlla v-nigrum(Mulsant) were found in sorghum over both years. Lady beetle compositions in sorghum and cotton and in yellow pyramidal traps were similar. For both years, density of lady beetles generally was higher on cotton with sorghum than on control cotton. Our results indicate that sorghum was a source of lady beetles in cotton, and thus incorporation of a sorghum habitat in farmscapes with cotton has great potential to enhance biocontrol of insect pests in cotton.

scholarly journals Limited Transmission of the Ectoparasitic FungusHesperomyces virescensbetween Lady Beetles

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted E. Cottrell ◽  
Eric W. Riddick
Keyword(s):  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Coccinella Septempunctata ◽  
Lady Beetle ◽  
Coleomegilla Maculata ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Lady Beetles ◽  
Aphidophagous Lady Beetles ◽  
Bodily Contact

The ectoparasitic fungusHesperomyces virescensThaxter (Ascomycota: Laboulbeniales) commonly infects the invasive lady beetleHarmonia axyridis(Pallas) and several other aphidophagous lady beetles in North America and Europe. We tested the hypothesis that bodily contact between adults of different lady beetle species supports horizontal transmission ofH. virescens. We used laboratory assays to determine whetherH. axyridisorOlla v-nigrum(Mulsant) harboringH. virescens(i.e., source beetles) transmit the fungus to noninfected target beetlesH. axyridis,O. v-nigrum,Coccinella septempunctataL.,Coleomegilla maculata(De Geer), orHippodamia convergensGuerin-Meneville. Results indicate that intraspecific transmission (i.e., for the source beetlesH. axyridisandO. v-nigrum) was common but interspecific transmission (i.e., from sourceH. axyridisorO. v-nigrumto target species) was low. Interspecific transmission occurred at low rates fromH. axyridisto bothC. septempunctataandO. v-nigrumand fromO. v-nigrumto bothC. septempunctataandH. convergens. Based upon our laboratory assays of forced pairings/groupings of source and target beetles, we predict that horizontal transmission ofH. virescensbetween species of aphidophagous coccinellids is possible but likely rare.

scholarly journals Competition for Aphid Prey between Different Lady Beetle Species in a Laboratory Arena

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christy Leppanen ◽  
Andrei Alyokhin ◽  
Serena Gross
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Coccinella Septempunctata ◽  
Lady Beetle ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Lady Beetles ◽  
Aphid Prey ◽  
Aphid Consumption ◽  
Asymmetric Interactions

Direct competition for aphid prey (Hemiptera: Aphididae) was evaluated between and among several lady beetle species (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). The behavior of three native (Coccinella trifasciata, Coleomegilla maculata,andHippodamia convergens) and four nonnative (Coccinella septempunctata,Harmonia axyridis,Hippodamia variegata,andPropylea quatuordecimpunctata) lady beetles was observed in laboratory arenas. The beetles were kept alone, paired with conspecifics or paired with heterospecifics, and presented with potato aphids (Macrosiphum euphorbiae).Harmonia axyridiswas the most successful aphid predator in our study, being able to find aphids more quickly and consume more of them compared to most other lady beetle species. It was also by far the most aggressive of the tested species.Coccinella septempunctata, C. trifasciata,andC. maculatagenerally followedH. axyridisin aphid consumption. Prey discovery, consumption, and aggressive behaviors were dependent on which species were present in the arena. Except for the generally superiorH. axyridis, there was no obvious dominance hierarchy among the other tested species and no dichotomy between the native and non-native species. Asymmetric interactions between lady beetle species may affect their abilities to coexist in the same habitat.

Growth, Fitness, and Overwinter Survival of a Shattercane (Sorghum bicolorssp.drummondii)×Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolorssp.bicolor) F2Population

Weed Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 634-641
Author(s):  
Jared J. Schmidt ◽  
Melinda K. Yerka ◽  
Jeffrey F. Pedersen ◽  
John L. Lindquist
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Population Biology ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Overwinter Survival ◽  
Ecological Fitness ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAlthough sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench ssp.bicolor] is the fifth most important grain crop in terms of global production, no commercial hybrids carry genetically engineered (GE) traits for resistance to insect pests or herbicides due to regulatory concerns about gene flow to weedy relatives. However, non-GE herbicide resistance currently is being developed in grain sorghum and will likely transfer to related weeds. Monitoring the impact of this new nuclear technology on the evolution and invasiveness of related weeds requires a baseline understanding of the population biology of grain sorghum genes once they transfer to in situ weed populations. We previously characterized the rate of gene flow from grain sorghum to shattercane [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench nothosubsp.drummondii(Steud.) de Wet ex. Davidse], a conspecific weed relatively common in North America; as well as the ecological fitness of an F1population whenS. bicolornothosubsp.drummondiiwas the maternal parent. Here we report the ecological fitness of aS. bicolornothosubsp.drummondii×S. bicolorssp.bicolorF2population relative to its crop and weed parents. Parental and F2populations were grown in two Nebraska environments in 2012 and 2013. Traits evaluated included overwinter survival, field emergence, biomass production and partitioning at anthesis, total seed production, and 100-seed weight. Results indicated that F2traits were generally intermediate between the parents, but more similar toS. bicolornothosubsp.drummondiithan to grain sorghum. The one exception was overwinter survival, which was nearly 0% for both the F2and the grain sorghum parent in these northern environments. Thus, the frequency of crop alleles stably introgressed intoS. bicolornothosubsp.drummondiipopulations appears to primarily depend on overwinter survival of the F2and which selective pressures are imposed upon it by the cropping system. These data provide needed baseline information about the environmental fate of nuclear genetic technologies deployed in this important global crop.

Temporal detection of Cry1Ab-endotoxins in coccinellid predators from fields ofBacillus thuringiensiscorn

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 643-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Harwood ◽  
R.A. Samson ◽  
J.J. Obrycki
Keyword(s):  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Coccinella Septempunctata ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Coleomegilla Maculata ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Plant Herbivore ◽  
Trophic Linkages

AbstractThe area planted to genetically engineered crops has increased dramatically in the last ten years. This has generated many studies examining non-target effects of bioengineered plants expressingBacillus thuringiensisendotoxins. To date, most have focused on population-level effects in the field or laboratory evaluation of specific plant-herbivore or plant-herbivore-predator trophic pathways. Using a post-mortem enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we examined the uptake of Cry1Ab-endotoxins by predatory coccinellids and the importance of anthesis to this trophic pathway. AdultColeomegilla maculata,Harmonia axyridis,Cycloneda mundaandCoccinella septempunctatacontained low, but detectable, quantities of Bt-endotoxin when screened by ELISA. This was most evident inC. maculata, with 12.8% of 775 individuals testing positive for Cry1Ab-endotoxins. Interestingly, the presence of endotoxins in gut samples was not confined to periods around anthesis, but coccinellid adults tested positive two weeks before and up to ten weeks after pollen was shed, suggesting tri-trophic linkages in their food chain facilitates the transfer of endotoxins into higher-order predators. This contrasts with adultColeomegilla maculataentering overwintering sites where Bt-endotoxins were not detected in gut samples, indicating low levels of persistence of Cry1Ab-endotoxins within coccinellid predators. This study enhances our understanding of complex interactions between transgenic crops and non-target food webs, but further research is required to quantify the significance of specific trophic linkages in the field.

scholarly journals Density and Survival of Lady Beetles (Coccinellidae) in Overwintering Sites in Manitoba

2004 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 309 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Turnock ◽  
I. L. Wise
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Coccinella Septempunctata ◽  
Lady Beetle ◽  
Hippodamia Convergens ◽  
Beach Ridge ◽  
The South ◽  
Lady Beetles ◽  
South Shore ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Overwintering Survival

The densities of lady beetles, Coccinellidae, overwintering as adults (adults per m2) in leaf litter collected in late October for two years in a beach-ridge forest on the south shore of Lake Manitoba were 56.4 for the Thirteen-spotted Lady Beetle, Hippodamia tredecimpunctata (Say), 38.3 for the Seven-spotted Lady Beetle, Coccinella septempunctata (L.), 7.7 for the Transverse Lady Beetle, Coccinella transversoguttata richardsonii Brown, 1.6 for the Convergent Lady Beetle, Hippodamia convergens Guerin, and 0.6 for the Parenthesis Lady Beetle, Hippodamia parenthesis (Say). The mean overwintering survival for these species was 0.254, 0.036, 0.023, 0.0, and 0.0, respectively. The density of overwintering coccinellids was highest near the margins of the forest, particularly on the beach side, where beetles from shore appear to have entered the forest. The mean density over 3 years (2.9 per m2) of all coccinellid species in November in the litter under a remnant grove of riverbank forest in Winnipeg, was lower than in the beach-ridge forest (104.8 per m2), but their survival (0.460) was higher than in the beach-ridge forest (0.154). More species of coccinellids were found in the samples from the riverbank forest than from the beach-ridge forest.

scholarly journals STRATEGIES FOR REDUCING PESTICIDE AND FERTILIZER INPUTS IN PECAN ORCHARDS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 730f-730
Author(s):  
N.R. Rice ◽  
M.W. Smith ◽  
R.D. Eikenbary ◽  
D.C. Arnold ◽  
W.L. Tedders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coccinella Septempunctata ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Hippodamia Convergens ◽  
Beneficial Arthropods ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Vicia Villosa ◽  
Trifolium Incarnatum ◽  
Crimson Clover ◽  
Green Lacewings ◽  
Lady Beetles

Annual legume ground covers were evaluated in pecan (Carya illinoinensis) orchards to supply nitrogen and increase beneficial arthropods. Treatments were established at two sites, each with 5 ha of a `Dixie' crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum) /hairy, vetch (Vicia villosa) mixture and 5 ha of grass sod. Data indicated that the legume mixture supplied over 100 kg·ha-1 N to the pecan trees. Beneficial arthropods were greater in orchards with legume ground covers than in orchards with a grass groundcover. Lady beetles and green lacewings were the most important spring predators, and green lacewings were the most important fall predator. The Species distribution on the ground covers differed from that in the canopy. Coleomegilla maculata lengi, Hippodamia convergens and Coccinella septempunctata were the most abundant lady beetle species in the legume ground covers, and Olla v-nigrum, Cycloneda munda, and Hippodamia convergens were the most abundant species in the pecan canopies. Beneficial arthropods appeared to suppress injurious pecan aphids.

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