scholarly journals Low Birth Weight due to Intrauterine Growth Restriction and/or Preterm Birth: Effects on Nephron Number and Long-Term Renal Health

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladislava Zohdi ◽  
Megan R. Sutherland ◽  
Kyungjoon Lim ◽  
Lina Gubhaju ◽  
Monika A. Zimanyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Nephron Endowment

Epidemiological studies have clearly demonstrated a strong association between low birth weight and long-term renal disease. A potential mediator of this long-term risk is a reduction in nephron endowment in the low birth weight infant at the beginning of life. Importantly, nephrons are only formed early in life; during normal gestation, nephrogenesis is complete by about 32–36 weeks, with no new nephrons formed after this time during the lifetime of the individual. Hence, given that a loss of a critical number of nephrons is the hallmark of renal disease, an increased severity and acceleration of renal disease is likely when the number of nephrons is already reduced prior to disease onset. Low birth weight can result from intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) or preterm birth; a high proportion of babies born prematurely also exhibit IUGR. In this paper, we describe how IUGR and preterm birth adversely impact on nephrogenesis and how a subsequent reduced nephron endowment at the beginning of life may lead to long-term risk of renal disease, but not necessarily hypertension.

scholarly journals Physical activity during pregnancy and fetal outcomes: a case-control study

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Yuri Takito ◽  
Maria Helena D'Aquino Benício
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
P Value ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Control Study

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between physical activity during the second trimester pregnancy and low birth weight, preterm birth, and intrauterine growth restriction. METHODS: Case-control study including 273 low birth weight newborns and 546 controls carried out in the city of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, in 2005. Low birth weight cases were grouped into two subsamples: preterm birth (n=117) and intrauterine growth restriction (n=134), with their related controls. Information was collected by means of interviews with mothers shortly after birth and transcription of medical records. Data were analyzed using conditional multiple and hierarchical logistic regression. RESULTS: Light physical activity for over 7 hours per day was shown to be protective against low birth weight (adjusted OR=0.61; 95% CI 0.39-0.94) with a dose-response relationship (p-value for trend=0.026). A similar trend was found for intrauterine growth restriction (adjusted OR=0.51; 95% CI 0.26-0.97). Homemaking activities were associated as a protective factor for both low birth weight and preterm birth (p-value for trend=0.013 and 0.035, respectively). Leisure-time walking was found to be protective against preterm birth. CONCLUSIONS: Mild physical activity during the second trimester of pregnancy such as walking has an independent protective effect on low birth weight, preterm birth, and intrauterine growth restriction.

Intrauterine Growth Restriction, Low Birth Weight, and Preterm Birth: Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Their Association With Maternal Periodontitis

2007 ◽  
Vol 78 (12) ◽  
pp. 2266-2276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Mafra Siqueira ◽  
Luís Otávio Miranda Cota ◽  
José Eustáquio Costa ◽  
João Paulo Amaral Haddad ◽  
Ângela Maria Quintão Lana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Intrauterine Growth Restriction

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronny Geva
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Uteroplacental Blood Flow ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Health Organization

Recent data shows that 30 million low-birth-weight (LBW) infants are born annually worldwide (23.8% of all births). Although the global prevalence of such births is gradually decreasing, rates are still as high as 30% in many developing countries (World Health Organization 2008). Low birth weight is due to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), rather than or in addition to prematurity, in approximately one-third of these cases. This staggering number of affected children underscores the importance of understanding the short- and long-term cognitive and behavioral complications of IUGR. Intrauterine growth restriction conveys short- and long-term neurodevelopmental risks and thus requires costly long-term investment of medical, cognitive emotional, educational, and economical resources. Nevertheless, if treated aggressively, IUGR more often than not bears a fairly optimistic outlook, once the infant overcomes the initial life-threatening issues (Geva et al. 2006a). Intrauterine growth restriction is frequently detected in a pregnancy with a less-than-expected third trimester weight gain (100–200 g [3.5–7 oz] per week) or as an incidental finding on ultrasound examination when fetal measurements are less than expected for gestational age (GA; Geva et al. 2005). An estimated fetal weight under the 10th percentile, as determined by serial ultrasound examination, strongly correlates with growth restriction (Bernstein and Gabbe 1996; McCormick 1985). The etiologies of IUGR are typically thought of according to three interdependent categories: fetal factors, placental factors, and maternal factors (Kay 2008). Fetal factors include chromosomal events, such as trisomy 18 and 13 and sex chromosome abnormalities, which account for 5%–15% of all IUGR cases. Further exploration of genetic factors is currently under way, with mixed results (Kotzot et al. 2001). Other fetal factors linked to IUGR include congenital anomalies, mostly cardiovascular malformations, gastroschisis and omphalocele; infection, often related to rubella, cytomegalovirus, and toxoplasmosis (see Chapter 25); and multiple gestations, in which uteroplacental blood flow variations and/or twin–twin transfusion develops (Miller et al. 2008). Fetal villus circulation abnormalities are placental factors related to IUGR (Roberts and Post 2008).

scholarly journals A Meta-analysis of Depression During Pregnancy and the Risk of Preterm Birth, Low Birth Weight, and Intrauterine Growth Restriction

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy K. Grote ◽  
Jeffrey A. Bridge ◽  
Amelia R. Gavin ◽  
Jennifer L. Melville ◽  
Satish Iyengar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

scholarly journals PENGARUH IMT IBU HAMIL PREEKLAMPSIA DENGAN LUARAN PERINATAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Fadhilah Rahmawati ◽  
Muhammad Ilham Aldika Akbar ◽  
Atika Atika
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

Abstrak Latar belakang dan tujuan : Preeklampsia merupakan masalah komplikasi kehamilan yang menyumbang kematian ibu tertinggi di Jawa Timur. Preeklampsia dengan Indeks Massa Tubuh ibu obesitas akan meningkatkan perburukan luaran maternal dan perinatal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan Indeks Massa Tubuh ibu preeklampsia dengan luaran maternal dan luaran perinatal. Metode: penelitian ini adalah analitik obsevasional dengan rancangan cross sectional, jumlah sampel 60 rekam medis ibu dan bayi baru lahir di Rumah Sakit Universitas Airlangga. Sampel terdiri dari ibu preeklampsia semua kategori IMT yaitu underweight, normal, overweight, obesitas grade I,II, dan III. Luaran perinatal yang diteliti adalah kematian perinatal, kelahiran prematur, IUGR (Intrauterine growth restriction), asfiksia, bayi berat lahir rendah,  Sindrom Respiratori Distres (SRD), sepsis, Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) dan Intraventrikular Hemorrhage (IVH). Hasil: Indeks Massa Tubuh Ibu preeklampsia tidak berhubungan dengan luaran perinatal antara lain kelahiran prematur, IUGR, asfiksi, BBLR dan komplikasi dini Kesimpulan: tidak ada perbedaan luaran maternal dan luaran perinatal pada berbagai Indeks massa tubuh ibu preeklampsiaAbstract Background and purpose : Preeclampsia is a problem of the pregnancy complications that has the highest maternal mortality in East Java. Preeclampsia with body mass index of obese mothers will increase the deterioration in maternal and perinatal outcomes. This study aims to analyze the body mass index of preeclampsia mothers with maternal and perinatal outcomes. Methods: This is an observational with cross-sectional design study, a sample of 60 pregnant women and newborn medical records at Universitas Airlangga Hospital. The sample consisted of preeclamptic women in all categories of body mass index such as underweight, normal, overweight, obesity grade I,II, and III. The perinatal outcomes observed are perinatal death, preterm birth, Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR), asphyxia, low birth weight, Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS), sepsis, Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC), and Intraventricular Hemorrhage (IVH). Results: There is no significant association between body mass index of preeclampsia with perinatal outcomes. Which include preterm birth, Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR), asphyxia, low birth weight and early complications Conclusion: there were no difference on maternal and perinatal outcomes in all categories Body mass index of preeclamptic women

scholarly journals Intrauterine growth restriction in a cohort of migrants in Germany

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Ankert ◽  
Tanja Groten ◽  
Mathias W. Pletz ◽  
Sasmita Mishra ◽  
Gregor Seliger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Caesarian Section ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Delivery Mode ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

Abstract Background: Migrant women may have an increased risk of adverse birth outcomes. This study analyses the occurrence of low birth weight, preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in pregnant migrants. Method: Cross-sectional study of 82 mother-child pairs of pregnant migrants attending medical care in Germany.Results: Median age was 27 years, 49% were of oriental-asian ethnicity and median year of migration was 2015. At least one previous pregnancy was reported in 76%. Delivery mode was caesarian section in 40%. Median gestational age was 39.7 weeks. Preterm birth occurred in 6.1%. Median gestational age for preterm birth was 32.3 weeks. Low birth weight (<2500 g) occurred in 6.1%. Birth weights below the 10th percentile of birth weight for gestational age were observed in 8.5% of the total cohort. Conclusions: Compared to German data no increased occurrence of low birth weight, preterm birth or IUGR was found. Of note, rate of caesarian section was higher than in the general population for reasons yet to be identified. The authors propose stratification according to migration status for the national documentation of birth outcomes in Germany.Trial registration: ClinicalTrails.gov, NCT03158298. Registered 18 May 2017 - Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03158298

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