scholarly journals Ion Suppression Study for Tetracyclines in Feed

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquim Chico ◽  
Frederique van Holthoon ◽  
Tina Zuidema
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Sample Treatment ◽  
Suppression Effect ◽  
Mcilvaine Buffer ◽  
Ion Suppression ◽  
Conventional Analysis ◽  
Oasis Hlb ◽  
Extraction Solvents ◽  
Feed Samples

Ion suppression in analysis of tetracyclines in feed was studied. The conventional analysis consists of a liquid extraction followed by a clean-up step using solid phase extraction (SPE) technique and analysis of the tetracyclines by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometric detection. Various strategies for extraction and cleanup were tested in the present work, and the effectiveness to decrease the ion suppression on the MS/MS signals was evaluated. Four sample treatment methods were tested with five different feed samples. Extraction solvents tested were McIlvaine buffer and a mixture of McIlvaine buffer dichloromethane (3 : 1). SPE cartridges for cleanup were Oasis HLB, Oasis MCX, and Oasis MAX. The effectiveness of the methods was evaluated in terms of decreasing the ion suppression effect but also of decreasing the variability of ion suppression between samples. The method that provided the most satisfactory results involved a clean-up step based on SPE using mixed-mode cation exchange cartridges (Oasis MCX).

An optimised and standardised test to determine the presence of the protozoa Cryptosporidium and Giardia in water

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Stanfield ◽  
E. Carrington ◽  
F. Albinet ◽  
B. Compagnon ◽  
N. Dumoutier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Immunomagnetic Separation ◽  
Ferric Sulphate ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
New Methods ◽  
European Water ◽  
Conventional Analysis ◽  
Time Savings ◽  
Initial Recovery ◽  
Microscopic Counting

With funding from the European Commission, a consortium of members of the European Water Research Institutes is carrying out a programme of work with the objective of optimising and standardising a method for determining the presence in water of (oo)cysts of Cryptosporidium and Giardia. Each of the stages of the conventional analysis procedure (initial concentration, recoveryand identification and enumeration) are being investigated and the relative merits of existing and new methods are being assessed. Newly developed filters (Envirochek and Filta-Max) have been shown to be more efficient for initial recovery of (oo)cysts from water than the previously used Cuno cartridge filters. In addition, for the analysis of raw waters, flocculationwith ferric sulphate has been shown to give recoveries similar to the Envirochek and Filta Max. Modern purification systems such as immunomagnetic separation have also been assessed and found to offer some advantages over flotation although optimisation of the latter has brought improved efficiency. Preliminary assessment of solid phase cytometry has indicated that this technique could offer significant time savings compared to conventional microscopic counting. The results of the study will be used to propose a revised standard method to CEN.

scholarly journals Extraction and Analysis of Tetrahydrocannabinol, A Cannabis Compound in Oral Fluid

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Zhiyuan Mi ◽  
Jiangtao Su ◽  
Xiangyu You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Testing ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Target

Although misuse and abuse of Cannabis is well known, the health benefits have been proved by various biomedical studies. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the major active substance in leaves of Cannabis, which is the common target for drug testing. In field drug testing, oral fluid (OF) has its unique advantages over other specimens such as blood, urine, and hair. Thus the study of THC in OF is gaining popularity in Cannabis research. In this review, extraction methods are introduced in three categories, which are Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE), Solid Phase Extraction (SPE), and Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE). Examples of application with each method will be covered. Advantages and disadvantages of these methods will be compared. In addition, methods in analysis following extraction will be briefly discussed.

Determination of Bisphenol A in Milk and Dairy Products by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1439-1443 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEONG-HUN KANG ◽  
FUSAO KONDO
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Condensed Milk ◽  
Oasis Hlb ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

This study was conducted to develop a selective and sensitive method for the determination of bisphenol A (BPA) levels in milk and dairy products. A method based on solvent extraction with acetonitrile and solid-phase extraction (SPE) was developed for the analysis of BPA in milk, yogurt, cream, butter, pudding, condensed milk, and flavored milk, and a method using two SPE cartridges (OASIS HLB and Florisil cartridge) for skim milk was also developed. The developed methods showed good recovery levels (77 to 102%) together with low detection limits (1 μg/liter for milk, yogurt, pudding, condensed milk, flavored milk, and skim milk and 3 μg/liter for cream and butter). These methods are simple, sensitive, and suitable for the analysis of BPA in milk and dairy products. When 40 milk and dairy products were analyzed by the proposed methods, BPA was not identified in noncanned products, but its levels ranged from 21 to 43 μg/kg in canned products, levels that were 60- to 140-fold lower than the migration limits in the European Union and Japan.

The Benefits and Limitations of Methods Development in Solid Phase Extraction: Mini Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norfahana Abd-Talib ◽  
Siti Hamidah Mohd-Setapar ◽  
Aidee Kamal Khamis
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Solid Phase Extraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Methods Development ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Target Analytes ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Preparation Techniques

Over recent years, there has been an explosive growth of sample preparation techniques. Sample preparation is in most cases meant to be the isolation online or offline concentration of some components of interest or target analytes. Solid phase extraction (SPE) is a very popular technique nowadays in sample preparation. The principal is quite similar with liquid- liquid extraction (LLE) which involves partition of solutes between two phases. But, there are some differences between them and some benefits and limitations of difference types of SPE technique like presented in this paper.

scholarly journals Identification of Phytochemicals from the Water Extract of Eurycoma longifolia Roots using Solid-Liquid and Liquid-Liquid Extraction Based Fractionation Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-772
Author(s):  
Lee Suan Chua ◽  
Abirame Segaran ◽  
Hoi Jin Wong
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Acetone Precipitation ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Saponin Content ◽  
Solid Liquid

Phytochemicals in the water extract of Eurycoma longofolia roots were identified using both solid-liquid and liquid-liquid extraction based fractionation techniques. A reversed phase C18 solid phase extraction (SPE) was used as solid-liquid extraction, whereas solvent partition was applied as liquid-liquid extraction. Total saponin was increased after fractionation. A few known quassinoids; eurycomanone, 13α(21)-epoxyeurycomanone, pasakbumin D, 13β,18-dihydroeurycomanol and 13β,21-dihydroxyeurycomanol were identified from the 40% and 60% methanol fractions of SPE. Solvent partition extract using ethyl acetate was found to have the highest saponin content compared to butanol and chloroform fractions. Subsequent acetone precipitation of the organic fractions recovered a formylated hexose trimer and other saccharide-containing compounds. Ethyl acetate effectively recovered saponins from E. longofolia water extract using liquid-liquid extraction followed by acetone precipitation.

scholarly journals Isolation gidazepam and its metabolites by solid-phase extraction

2018 ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
M. A. Savchenko
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase Extraction ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Analytical Toxicology ◽  
Biological Objects ◽  
Toxicological Research ◽  
Screening Procedures ◽  
Degree Of Extraction

Gidazepam as benzodiazepine derivative is drugs of abuse and is object of toxicological research. The first phases of analysis of analite is its insulating from biological objects. In a case of gidazepam such analites is its metabolites. One of insulating method which used in analytical toxicology is the method of solid-phase extraction (SPE). This method have advantage in comparison with is liquid extraction. However papers about studying of insulating efficiency gidazepam and its metabolites of SPE are absent now. Thus the purpose of the this paper is a study of applications of SPE in analytical toxicology. For work SPE columns Bond Elut Certify have been used (volume 3 mL, amount of a sorbent 130 mg), production of Agilent Technologies. The SPE protocols which studying have been optimised under these columns for extraction from blood and urine. Two procedures are developed for extraction in case of the general screening of an unknown drug, and two for screening of benzodiazepines. Showed that degree of extraction of the basic gidazepam`s metabolites compounds 92–98%, and for gidazepam 51–74%. Also it is positioned that acetonitrile in solutions for removal coextractive substance considerably depresses degree of extraction one of gidazeam`s metabolite. At the same time application of 1 М acetic acid promotes retention of gidazepam and its metabolites on a SPE column in the course of removal lipophilic impurities by organic solvents. Position of gidazepam and its metabolites in the schema of the general screening of an unknown drug in both SPE screening procedures is showed.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF THREE EXTRACTION METHODS OF ALLOPURINOL IN URIC ACID HERBAL MEDICINE WITH HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY QUANTIFICATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
RIMADANI PRATIWI ◽  
RASPATI D. MULYANINGSIH ◽  
NYI M. SAPTARINI
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Filtering Method ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Parameters Of Accuracy

Objective: This study was aimed to understand and determine the effectiveness of allopurinol extraction in herbal medicine from three extraction methods based on parameters of accuracy and precision. Methods: The study consisted of three methods including dissolving and filtering, liquid-liquid extraction, and solid-phase extraction with mixed-mode cation exchanger (SPE-MCX). The procedures were carried out using NaOH and HCl in dissolving and filtering method; methanol, HCl, and ethyl acetate in liquid-liquid extraction; and NH4OH elution solvent in SPE-MCX. Results: The results showed that extraction effectiveness based on accuracy level was the dissolving and filtering method>SPE-MCX>liquid-liquid extraction with % recovery+SD of 91.314+2.903%, 87.533+4.950%, and 54.549+3.517%, respectively. The precision level was the dissolution and filtering method>SPE-MCX>liquid-liquid extraction based on % relative standard deviations (RSD) of 3.18%, 5.226%, and 6.446%, respectively. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the allopurinol extraction method with the highest effectiveness based on accuracy and precision parameters in herbal medicine is the dissolving and filtering method.

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