scholarly journals Neurodevelopment of Amazonian Infants: Antenatal and Postnatal Exposure to Methyl- and Ethylmercury

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
José G. Dórea ◽  
Rejane C. Marques ◽  
Cintya Isejima
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Mercury Exposure ◽  
Urban Center ◽  
Postnatal Exposure ◽  
Neurological Development ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Rural Infants ◽  
Porto Velho ◽  
Different Levels

Neurodevelopment as Gesell development scores (GDSs) in relation to mercury exposure in infants (<6 months of age) of one urban center and two rural villages, respectively, of fisherman and cassiterite miners. Mean total hair-Hg (HHg) concentrations of infants from Itapuã (3.95±1.8 ppm) were statistically (P=0.0001) different from those of infants from Porto Velho (3.84±5.5 ppm) and Bom Futuro (1.85±0.9 ppm). Differences in vaccine coverage among these populations resulted in significantly higher (P=0.0001) mean ethylmercury (EtHg) exposure in urban infants (150 μg) than in infants from either village (41.67 μg, Itapuã; 42.39 μg, Bom Futuro). There was an inverse significant (Spearmanr=−0.2300;P=0.0376) correlation between HHg and GDS for infants from Porto Velho, but not for the rural infants from Bom Futuro (Spearmanr=0.1336;P=0.0862) and Itapuã (Spearmanr=0.1666;P=0.5182). Logistic regression applied to variables above or below the median GDS showed that EtHg exposure (estimatedprobability=−0.0157;P=0.0070) and breastfeeding score (estimatedprobability=−0.0066;P=0.0536) score were significantly associated with GDS.Conclusion. In nurslings whose mothers are exposed to different levels of fish-MeHg (HHg), a higher score of neurological development at six months was negatively associated with exposure to additional TCV-EtHg. Results should be interpreted with caution because of unaccounted variables.

Applying land use logistic regression models to assess different levels of air quality and to determine key environmental factors in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Shin Jang
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Use Factors ◽  
Different Levels

&lt;p&gt;Due to fast industrialization and urbanization, air pollution is more and more serious in Taiwan. Generally, many anthropogenic factors can affect air quality; for example, &amp;#160;exhaust gas from automobiles and motorcycles, factory emissions, fossil fuels, burning straw, incinerators, etc. The factors are highly associated with land use. Previous studies typically used multiple linear regression model to analyze the relationships between air quality and land use. This study adopts multi-threshold land use logistic regression (LULR) models with several continuous and categorical variables to assess different levels of fine particulate matters (PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt;) in Taiwan and to determine key land-use factors controlling various levels of air PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5 &lt;/sub&gt;pollution. First, data on annual air PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; pollution in the Taiwan Island are collected in 2017. Four thresholds of 16.37, 18.68, 21.83, 25.83 &amp;#181;g/m&lt;sup&gt;3 &lt;/sup&gt;are determined based on the 20th, 40th, 60th, and 80th percentiles, respectively, of observed data. Geographical information system is then adopted to analyze data on 29 environmental variables obtained from the three main dimensions&amp;#8211;information of land-use categories, amounts of specified pollution sources in townships, and geographical locations adjacent to monitoring stations of air quality. Finally, data in 2017 are employed to establish the LULR model and significant land-use factors causing air PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; pollution are determined using stepwise LULR models for various levels of air PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; pollution. Moreover, data in 2018 are used to verify the established LULR models. The analyzed results reveal that correct responses of the LULR models range from 83.6% to 100%. For the 20th-percentile threshold, locations and the industry land-use area are positively contributed to air pollution, while tempt densities and building, agriculture, forest land-use areas are negatively contributed to air pollution. For the 40th-percentile threshold, locations, plains with an elevation of less than 150 m, and agriculture land-use areas are related to air pollution. For the 60th-percentile threshold, locations are positively related to air pollution, while forest land-use areas are negatively related to air pollution. For the 80th-percentile threshold, locations and industry park areas associated with air pollution. According to the research results, a feasible strategy of environmental management and outdoor activities is proposed.&lt;/p&gt;

Quest for Economic Empowerment of Rural Women Entrepreneurs in Tanzania

2011 ◽  
pp. 91-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislaus M. Semali
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Cell Phones ◽  
Rural Families ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Urban Center ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Key Players

This case describes field research investigations that were conducted in Tanzania from June 2008 to June 2009 to examine access to, and use of cell phones by women residing in rural villages and in a nearby urban center. Rural villages were considered critical in this study as key players in the wellbeing of traditional rural families.

scholarly journals Disparities in Hepatitis B Vaccine Coverage by Race/Ethnicity: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015–2016

Diseases ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Azad R. Bhuiyan ◽  
Nusrat Kabir ◽  
Amal K. Mitra ◽  
Oluwabunmi Ogungbe ◽  
Marinelle Payton
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
National Health ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Hbv Vaccine ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the most common form of viral hepatitis and remains a global public health problem, even though the HBV vaccine is available. HBV leads to chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis, liver cancer, and death. This study aimed to identify disparities in HBV vaccine coverage with the serological test by race/ethnicity, adjusting for gender and age. In this study, 5735 adult participants were included, obtaining data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2015–2016. Proc survey frequency, bivariate- and multivariate logistic regression in the weighted sample were performed due to the complex survey design of NHANES. Data were analyzed using SAS, version 9.2.4. The overall prevalence of HBV vaccine coverage was only 23.3% (95% CI: 20.7%, 25.9%). In a multivariate logistic regression model, data showed that Mexican Americans (OR 0.57, 95% CI: 0.38, 0.86) and African Americans (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.56, 0.84) had lower vaccine coverage compared to Whites. Females had (OR 1.55, 95% CI: 1.30, 1.85) higher vaccine coverage compared to men. Older age groups (30–49 years) (OR 0.41, 95% CI: 0.32, 0.52) and age group ≥ 50 years (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.14, 0.23) had lower vaccine coverage compared to younger adults aged 18–29 years.

The Effects of Decentralization on Efficiency in Public Procurement: Empirical Evidence for the Czech Republic

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Plaček
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels

The impact of decentralization on efficiency in the production of public goods and services has been described by the current scientific discourse in some detail. In this article, we focus on an analysis of the impact of the factor of decentralization as well as other selected factors on efficiency in public procurement. We view the term efficiency to be the ratio between the tendered and the estimated price, but also as procedural correctness and legality, as it is reflected in the administration of complaints, investigations, and findings regarding violations of the law by the supervising authority. We then describe the phases of bidding and post-bidding. For empirical research, we used linear regression and logistic regression. These methods are applied to data regarding public procurement for the years 2010-2014. The results show that, among the contracting authorities at the different levels of decentralization, there were statistically significant differences which we can explain through the different levels of accountability, economies of scale, as well as the qualifications of the workers of the contracting authority.

Bias in discriminating very mild dementia for older adults with different levels of education in Hong Kong

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 995-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianfang Chang ◽  
Chi-Shing Tse ◽  
Grace Tak Yu Leung ◽  
Ada Wai Tung Fung ◽  
Kit-Tai Hau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Mild Dementia ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Education Groups ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACTBackground:Education has a profound effect on older adults’ cognitive performance. In Hong Kong, some dementia screening tasks were originally designed for developed population with, on average, higher education.Methods:We compared the screening power of these tasks for Chinese older adults with different levels of education. Community-dwelling older adults who were healthy (N = 383) and with very mild dementia (N = 405) performed the following tasks: Mini-Mental State Examination, Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive subscales, Verbal Fluency, Abstract Thinking, and Visual/Digit Span. Logistic regression was used to examine the power of these tasks to predict Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR 0.5 vs. 0).Results:Logistic regression analysis showed that while the screening power of the total scores in all tasks was similar for high and low education groups, there were education biases in some items of these tasks.Conclusion:The differential screening power in high and low education groups was not identical across items in some tasks. Thus, in cognitive assessments, we should exercise great caution when using these potentially biased items for older adults with limited education.

scholarly journals Elevated lipoprotein(a) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 are associated with unfavorable functional outcomes in patients with ischemic stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Jiang ◽  
Jie Xu ◽  
Xiwa Hao ◽  
Jing Xue ◽  
Ke Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Women Patients ◽  
Lipoprotein A ◽  
Stroke Registry ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Background The association of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and stroke functional outcomes was conflicting. The aim of the study was to clarify whether high Lp(a) is associated with unfavorable functional outcomes in patients with ischemic stroke. Methods A total of 9709 individuals from the third China National Stroke Registry cohort were recruited. Plasma level of Lp(a) at admission was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The cut-off was set at the median for Lp(a). Functional outcome was assessed using the modified Rankin scale (mRS) at 3 months and 1 year after ischemic stroke. The association between Lp(a) and functional outcomes was evaluated using a logistic regression model. Results The median age was 63.0 years, and 31.1% participants were women. Patients in higher Lp(a) group had higher incidences of unfavorable functional outcomes at 3 months. In logistic regression model, elevated Lp(a) levels were associated with unfavorable functional outcomes at 3 months (Q4 vs. Q1: odds ratio 1.33, 95% confidence interval 1.11–1.61). Subgroup analysis showed that in the lower Lp-PLA2 group, Lp(a) level was not associated with functional outcomes, but in the higher Lp-PLA2 group, Lp(a) level was significantly associated with functional outcomes. After grouped by different levels of Lp(a) and Lp-PLA2, the Lp(a) high/ Lp-PLA2 high group showed the highest incidence of unfavorable functional outcomes at 3 months and 1 year. Conclusions Elevated Lp(a) level is associated with unfavorable functional outcomes in patients with ischemic stroke. The increment in both Lp(a) and Lp-PLA2 are associated with unfavorable functional outcomes at 3 months and 1 year after ischemic stroke.

scholarly journals Vaccine stockouts and vaccination rate: examination of unique administrative data from Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-176
Author(s):  
Ryoko Sato
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Health Facility ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey

Abstract Background Universal access to vaccines is crucial in protecting the population from deadly diseases. This study presents the prevalence of vaccine stockouts in Nigeria and examines the correlation between the vaccine stockouts and vaccine take-up. Methods We use the unique administrative data of monthly vaccine stockouts at each health facility in Nigeria. To evaluate the correlation between the stockouts and the vaccine take-up, the administrative data were merged with the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2013. We used logistic regression for the correlational study. Results The prevalence of vaccine stockouts in Nigeria is high: 82.7% between 2012 and 2013. We find a negative correlation between vaccine stockouts and vaccine take-up. However, we observe the differential correlational pattern depending on the regional vaccine coverage, which we consider as the proxy of the level of demand for vaccines. Conclusions We find that, while vaccine stockouts are correlated with the low vaccine take-up on average, this negative correlation between stockouts and vaccination rate is observed only in regions with low demand for vaccines. Reducing vaccine stockouts in regions with the low vaccination coverage might be an effective way to increase the overall vaccination rate.

Influence of Mercury Exposure During Pregnancy to Neurodevelopmental Disorder: A Systematic Review Protocol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nhelvy Kumala Nasruddin ◽  
Hasnawati Amqam ◽  
Agus Bintara Wirayuda Wirayuda ◽  
Muh. Fajaruddin Natsir ◽  
Syamsuar Syamsuar
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Mercury Level ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Mercury Exposure ◽  
Postnatal Exposure ◽  
Open Access Journals ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: The general population might expose to Hg through various pathways. Prenatal or postnatal exposure to mercury might affect the fetus's neurodevelopment and then further affect the growth and development of the children. There are many reports on mercury exposure, but systematic reviews to conclude the result are still limited, particularly concerning pregnancy. Previous studies focus on one exposure path to Hg and biomarker. The objective is to systematically summarize the relevant records from systematic studies on the relationship between the exposure pattern during pregnancy to pregnant women's Hg concentration and neurodevelopmental disorder that occurred in the children.Method: We will search online databases (Google Schoolar, PUBMED, Sciencedirect, Proquest, Web of Science, Springerlink, DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals) and EBSCO MEDLINE) and reference lists of included articles. Two reviewers will independently screen the titles and abstracts and select the research involving pregnant women with mercury exposure and neurodevelopmental disorder fetus or children. These reviewers will also independently extract and manage the obtained data using a data extraction form that will cover information on characteristic, exposure, and outcomes. Meta-analysis will also be applied when homogeneous group of studies found.Discussion: This study will describe the available epidemiological evidence and summarise prevalence and incidence rates of mercury exposure and neurodevelopmental disorder. Mean difference of mercury level will be also presented. A better understanding of the relationship between mercury exposure and any neurodevelopmental disorder form will be helpful in the development of guidelines for mercury exposure management.Systematic review registration: It has been submitted to PROSPERO on February, 10th 2021.

scholarly journals Pooled influenza vaccine effectiveness estimates for Australia, 2012–2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (11) ◽  
pp. 2317-2328 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. SULLIVAN ◽  
K. S. CARVILLE ◽  
M. CHILVER ◽  
J. E. FIELDING ◽  
K. A. GRANT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Age Group

SUMMARYData were pooled from three Australian sentinel general practice influenza surveillance networks to estimate Australia-wide influenza vaccine coverage and effectiveness against community presentations for laboratory-confirmed influenza for the 2012, 2013 and 2014 seasons. Patients presenting with influenza-like illness at participating GP practices were swabbed and tested for influenza. The vaccination odds of patients testing positive were compared with patients testing negative to estimate influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) by logistic regression, adjusting for age group, week of presentation and network. Pooling of data across Australia increased the sample size for estimation from a minimum of 684 to 3,683 in 2012, from 314 to 2,042 in 2013 and from 497 to 3,074 in 2014. Overall VE was 38% [95% confidence interval (CI) 24–49] in 2012, 60% (95% CI 45–70) in 2013 and 44% (95% CI 31–55) in 2014. For A(H1N1)pdm09 VE was 54% (95% CI–28 to 83) in 2012, 59% (95% CI 33–74) in 2013 and 55% (95% CI 39–67) in 2014. For A(H3N2), VE was 30% (95% CI 14–44) in 2012, 67% (95% CI 39–82) in 2013 and 26% (95% CI 1–45) in 2014. For influenza B, VE was stable across years at 56% (95% CI 37–70) in 2012, 57% (95% CI 30–73) in 2013 and 54% (95% CI 21–73) in 2014. Overall VE against influenza was low in 2012 and 2014 when A(H3N2) was the dominant strain and the vaccine was poorly matched. In contrast, overall VE was higher in 2013 when A(H1N1)pdm09 dominated and the vaccine was a better match. Pooling data can increase the sample available and enable more precise subtype- and age group-specific estimates, but limitations remain.

Effects of Pre- and Postnatal Exposure to Chromium Picolinate or Picolinic Acid on Neurological Development in CD-1 Mice

2008 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa M. Bailey ◽  
Jonathan G. Boohaker ◽  
Peter L. Jernigan ◽  
Megan B. Townsend ◽  
John Sturdivant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picolinic Acid ◽  
Chromium Picolinate ◽  
Postnatal Exposure ◽  
Neurological Development
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document