scholarly journals A Novel Method for Simulating the Extracellular Matrix in Models of Tumour Growth

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Toma ◽  
Andreas Mang ◽  
Tina A. Schuetz ◽  
Stefan Becker ◽  
Thorsten M. Buzug
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Tumour Growth ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Reaction Diffusion Equations ◽  
Spatiotemporal Model ◽  
Simplified Approach ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Matrix Degrading Enzymes

A novel hybrid continuum-discrete model to simulate tumour growth on a cellular scale is proposed. The lattice-based spatiotemporal model consists of reaction-diffusion equations that describe interactions between cancer cells and their microenvironment. The fundamental ingredients that are typically considered are the nutrient concentration, the extracellular matrix (ECM), and matrix degrading enzymes (MDEs). The in vivo processes are very complex and occur on different levels. This in turn leads to huge computational costs. The main contribution of the present work is therefore to describe the processes on the basis of simplified mathematical approaches, which, at the same time, depict realistic results to understand the biological processes. In this work, we discuss if we have to simulate the MDE or if the degraded matrix can be estimated directly with respect to the cancer cell distribution. Additionally, we compare the results for modelling tumour growth using the common and our simplified approach, thereby demonstrating the advantages of the proposed method. Therefore, we introduce variations of the positioning of the nutrient delivering blood vessels and use different initializations of the ECM. We conclude that the novel method, which does not explicitly model the matrix degrading enzymes, provides means for a straightforward and fast implementation for modelling tumour growth.

scholarly journals Strain variation in Bacillus cereus biofilms and their susceptibility to extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0245708
Author(s):  
Eun Seob Lim ◽  
Seung-Youb Baek ◽  
Taeyoung Oh ◽  
Minseon Koo ◽  
Joo Young Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Dnase I ◽  
Extracellular Dna ◽  
Proteinase K ◽  
Strain Variation ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Matrix Degrading Enzymes

Bacillus cereus is a foodborne pathogen and can form biofilms on food contact surfaces, which causes food hygiene problems. While it is necessary to understand strain-dependent variation to effectively control these biofilms, strain-to-strain variation in the structure of B. cereus biofilms is poorly understood. In this study, B. cereus strains from tatsoi (BC4, BC10, and BC72) and the ATCC 10987 reference strain were incubated at 30°C to form biofilms in the presence of the extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes DNase I, proteinase K, dispase II, cellulase, amyloglucosidase, and α-amylase to assess the susceptibility to these enzymes. The four strains exhibited four different patterns in terms of biofilm susceptibility to the enzymes as well as morphology of surface-attached biofilms or suspended cell aggregates. DNase I inhibited the biofilm formation of strains ATCC 10987 and BC4 but not of strains BC10 and BC72. This result suggests that some strains may not have extracellular DNA, or their extracellular DNA may be protected in their biofilms. In addition, the strains exhibited different patterns of susceptibility to protein- and carbohydrate-degrading enzymes. While other strains were resistant, strains ATCC 10987 and BC4 were susceptible to cellulase, suggesting that cellulose or its similar polysaccharides may exist and play an essential role in their biofilm formation. Our compositional and imaging analyses of strains ATCC 10987 and BC4 suggested that the physicochemical properties of their biofilms are distinct, as calculated by the carbohydrate to protein ratio. Taken together, our study suggests that the extracellular matrix of B. cereus biofilms may be highly diverse and provides insight into the diverse mechanisms of biofilm formation among B. cereus strains.

scholarly journals Estrogen-related receptor γ causes osteoarthritis by upregulating extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Ok Son ◽  
Seulki Park ◽  
Ji-Sun Kwak ◽  
Yoonkyung Won ◽  
Wan-Su Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Matrix Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Estrogen Related Receptor

scholarly journals Strain variation in Bacillus cereus biofilms and their susceptibility to extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Seob Lim ◽  
Seung-Youb Baek ◽  
Taeyoung Oh ◽  
Minseon Koo ◽  
Joo Young Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Dnase I ◽  
Extracellular Dna ◽  
Proteinase K ◽  
Strain Variation ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Matrix Degrading Enzymes

Bacillus cereus is a foodborne pathogen and can form biofilms on food contact surfaces, which causes food hygiene problems. While it is necessary to understand strain-dependent variation to effectively control these biofilms, strain-to-strain variation in the structure of B. cereus biofilms is poorly understood. In this study, B. cereus strains from tatsoi and the ATCC 10987 reference strain were incubated at 30? to form biofilms in the presence of the extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes DNase I, proteinase K, dispase II, cellulase, amyloglucosidase, and α-amylase to assess the susceptibility to these enzymes. The four strains exhibited four different patterns in terms of biofilm susceptibility to the enzymes as well as morphology of surface-attached biofilms or suspended cell aggregates. DNase I inhibited the biofilm formation of strains ATCC 10987 and BC4 but not of strains BC10 and BC72. This result suggests that some strains may not have extracellular DNA, or their extracellular DNA may be protected in their biofilms. In addition, the strains exhibited different patterns of susceptibility to protein- and carbohydrate-degrading enzymes. While other strains were resistant, strains ATCC 10987 and BC4 were susceptible to cellulase, suggesting that cellulose or its similar polysaccharides may exist and play an essential role in their biofilm formation. Our compositional analysis of strains ATCC 10987 and BC4 suggested that the physicochemical properties of their biofilms are distinct, as calculated by the carbohydrate to protein ratio. Taken together, our study suggests that the extracellular matrix of B. cereus biofilms may be highly diverse and provides insight into the diverse mechanisms of biofilm formation among B. cereus strains.

Potential Role of Heparanase in Atherosclerosis

Physiology ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
JH Campbell ◽  
GR Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Activated Macrophages ◽  
Artery Wall ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Matrix Degrading Enzymes

The mechanism by which a change in smooth muscle phenotype is effected in the artery wall during atherogenesis may be via release of extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes, particularly heparanase, from activated macrophages and T lymphocytes.

Effects of Catastrophic Anemia in an Intra-Host Model of Malaria

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (07) ◽  
pp. 1450105
Author(s):  
Eddy Takoutsing ◽  
Samuel Bowong ◽  
David Yemele ◽  
Jurgen Kurths
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reaction Diffusion Equations ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Spatiotemporal Model ◽  
Cell Reproduction ◽  
Temporal Model ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, we develop a mathematical model to assess the strength of the effects of catastrophic anemia level on the dynamical transmission of malaria parasite within the body of a host. We first consider a temporal model. The important mathematical features of the model are thoroughly investigated. We found that the model exhibits forward bifurcation. We also consider a spatiotemporal model using reaction–diffusion equations. The model is numerically analyzed to assess the impact of anemia on the dynamical transmission of malaria parasite within the body of a host. Through numerical simulation, we found that malaria can lead to a catastrophic anemia level even if the parasite is nonpersistent within the body of a host. Numerical results also suggest that to reduce or control the anemia level, the strategy should be to accelerate innate cell reproduction rate or should have the ability to clean parasitized red blood cells (PRBCs) with a high mortality rate.

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