scholarly journals Neuronal Modulation of Airway and Vascular Tone and Their Influence on Nonspecific Airways Responsiveness in Asthma

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan J. Canning ◽  
Ariel Woo ◽  
Stuart B. Mazzone
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Vascular Tone ◽  
Autonomic Nerves ◽  
Substantial Body ◽  
Airways Hyperreactivity ◽  
Hallmark Feature ◽  
Reactive Airways ◽  
Airways Hyperresponsiveness

The autonomic nervous system provides both cholinergic and noncholinergic neural inputs to end organs within the airways, which includes the airway and vascular smooth muscle. Heightened responsiveness of the airways to bronchoconstrictive agents is a hallmark feature of reactive airways diseases. The mechanisms underpinning airways hyperreactivity still largely remain unresolved. In this paper we summarize the substantial body of evidence that implicates dysfunction of the autonomic nerves that innervate smooth muscle in the airways and associated vasculature as a prominent cause of airways hyperresponsiveness in asthma.

Mollie Elizabeth Holman 1930–2010

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 242
Author(s):  
Elspeth M. McLachlan ◽  
G. David S. Hirst
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Autonomic Nerves ◽  
Technical Expertise ◽  
Microelectrode Recording

Mollie Holman was a biophysicist whose work on the autonomic nervous system and the innervation of smooth muscle was seminal in advancing knowledge of its behaviour at a cellular level. She was particularly known for her technical expertise in microelectrode recording of membrane potential from single smooth muscle cells, and the interpretation of their electrical activity, both spontaneous and in response to transmitters released from their autonomic nerves.

Conduit Coronary Artery: Control by Autonomic Nervous System

Physiology ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-107
Author(s):  
M Gerova
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Secondary Effect ◽  
Sympathetic Stimulation ◽  
Relaxing Factor ◽  
Endothelium Derived Relaxing Factor

Sympathetic stimulation induces a primary and secondary effect on smooth muscle of conduit coronary arteries. The former causes contraction, mediated by norepinephrine, and the latter, dilatation. The dilatation is due to endothelium-derived relaxing factor released as a consequence of the increased coronary blood flow.

Aging, disease and the autonomic nervous system

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J Collins
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Autonomic Nerve ◽  
Autonomic Nerves ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Nerve Structure ◽  
Degree Of Certainty ◽  
Development And Aging ◽  
And Function

Autonomic disorders in old age can be attributed to several main features associated with aging: the intrinsic neurobiological changes that occur with age, degenerative changes in effector organs innervated by autonomic nerves, and secondary involvement of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in disease processes. As in most areas of clinical geriatrics, the distinction between disorders ascribed to ‘normal’ aging and those attributable to diseases of old age is difficult to make with any degree of certainty. Neurobiological changes with age have become the subject of intense investigation in recent years, with improvements in techniques for assessing autonomic nerve structure and function. This has included a better understanding of neurotransmitter and receptor transformations during development and aging. The versatility of the ANS, or ‘plasticity’, involves interactions with target organs, e.g. via nerve growth factor (NGF) and with other neurons, and it is as vital to the mature and aging autonomic neuron as it is during development. Some neurotrophic features of aging in the ANS and in disease processes in old age are considered in this paper.

scholarly journals Theoretical Substantiation of the Use of Sildenafil in the Treatment of Chronic Prostatitis

Health of Man ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Yurii Gurzhenko ◽  
Volodymyr Spyrydonenko
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Chronic Prostatitis ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Sildenafil Citrate ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Lower Urinary

Every year, the number of patients with chronic prostatitis (CP) in the world is increasing and improving the effectiveness of treatment of this pathology is becoming a priority topic in modern urology. One of the complications of CP is sexual dysfunction, primarily premature ejaculation, as well as erectile dysfunction (ED). Treatment of CP and its sexual complications is an individual and complex complication. It is undeniable that sildenafil citrate plays an important role in the treatment of ED as a complication of CP. The hypothetical mechanism of the effectiveness of PDE-5 in CP is mediated by the relaxation of the smooth muscles of the ducts of the software, the effect of increasing the drainage of the components that are formed due to reflux in the interstitial tissue. The above phenomenon can suppress inflammation and cause a reduction in prostatic symptoms. Increased activity of NO-synthetase and PDE-5 in the tissues of PO promotes the formation of muscle relaxant effects, drainage of the acinus, reduced activity of the autonomic nervous system and activation of vascular circulation in the PVC and structures of the lower urinary tract. Current scientific evidence indicates that PDE-5 inhibitors can improve lower urinary tract symptoms by relaxing bladder smooth muscle fibers and PO, by signaling NO / cGMPc, or by improving RhoA / Rho kinase. Some results suggest that in addition to the effects of reducing the hyperactivity of the autonomic nervous system, dilation of cavernous vessels and antiproliferative effect, PDE-5 have a direct anti-inflammatory effect, increasing the level of cGMP. The accumulation of the latter can inhibit inflammation and can be a potential mechanism for preventing the development of diseases in which inflammation plays a central role. Given that inflammation is a major factor in the progression of CP, sildenafil citrate is able to restore PO function because they act as potent anti-inflammatory drugs. Thus, PDE-5 inhibitors can not only mediate smooth muscle relaxation, but can also directly reduce inflammation in the software by increasing cGMP levels. Based on theoretical data on the positive effect of sildenafil on the erectile component and symptoms of the lower urinary tract in persons with CP with complications such as ED, it can be considered that the inclusion of sildenafil citrate in sequential standard therapy for CP reduces indicators of erectile function. The appointment of sildenafil citrate in patients with complications of CP in the form of ED improves the quality of erections in patients, and also has a positive effect on various other indicators of male sexual function (enhances orgasm, increases the duration of sexual intercourse).

Effect of autonomic nerves on Dickkopf-3 expression in the uterus during early pregnancy of rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 241-255
Author(s):  
Shujie Ning ◽  
Yalin Wang ◽  
Xuejun Yuan ◽  
Shuying Wang ◽  
Libo Huang
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Embryo Implantation ◽  
Autonomic Nerve ◽  
Autonomic Nerves ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Affect Expression ◽  
Polymerase Chain

To explore how uterine innervations affect expression of Dickkopf-3 (DKK-3) during peri-implantation, we first examined the consequence of uterine neurectomy on embryo implantation events. We observed that amputation of autonomic nerves innervating the uterus led to the failure of on-time implantation in rats. We then analyzed the effect of neurectomy on expression of DKK-3 further using immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. We observed that disconnection of autonomic nerve innervation significantly increased DKK-3 expression in the endometrium before and during invasion of the blastocyst. We also observed high levels of DKK-3 immunoreactivity in the vasculature of the uterus during peri-implantation. Thus, we speculate that DKK-3 may relate to implantation. Besides, our findings provide a new line of evidence that DKK-3 may be regulated by the autonomic nervous system.

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