scholarly journals A Simple, Innovative Way to Reduce Rhinitis Symptoms After Sedation during Endoscopy

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nai-Liang Li ◽  
Shiang-Chung Tseng ◽  
Che-Chang Hsu ◽  
Wei-Ju Lai ◽  
Hung-Chang Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Oxygen Delivery ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Nasal Mask ◽  
Oxygen Supplementation ◽  
Moderate Sedation ◽  
Patient Dissatisfaction ◽  
Nasal Symptoms ◽  
The Mean

BACKGROUND: Supplemental oxygen is routinely given via nasal cannula (NC) to patients undergoing moderate sedation for endoscopy. Some patients complain of profuse rhinorrhea and/or sneezing after the procedure, which results in additional medical costs and patient dissatisfaction.OBJECTIVES: To determine the causal relationship between the route of oxygen delivery and troublesome nasal symptoms, and to seek possible solutions.METHODS: Patients (n=836) were randomly assigned to one of the three following groups: the NC group (n=294), the trimmed NC (TNC) group (n=268) and the nasal mask (NM) group (n=274). All received alfentanil 12.5 μg/kg and midazolam 0.06 mg/kg, and adjunct propofol for sedation. Supplemental oxygen at a flow rate of 4 L/min was used in the NC and TNC groups, and 6 L/min in the NM group. The incidence of nasal symptoms and hypoxia were assessed.RESULTS: The incidence of rhinitis symptoms was significantly higher in the NC group (7.1%) than in the TNC (0.4%) and NM (0%) groups (P<0.001). The incidence of hypoxia was lower in the NC group (3.1%) (P=0.040). All hypoxia events were transient (ie, less than 30 s in duration). On spirometry, the mean value of the lowest saturation of peripheral oxygen was found to be significantly lower in the NM group (96.8%) than in the NC group (97.7%) (P=0.004).CONCLUSIONS: Trimming the NC or using NMs reduced the incidence of rhinitis symptoms; however, the incidence of hypoxia was higher. Further investigation regarding the efficiency of oxygen supplementation is warranted in the design of novel oxygen delivery devices.

Interactions Between Self and Parametrically Excited Motions in Articulated Tubes

1984 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Bajaj
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Dynamics ◽  
Hopf Bifurcation ◽  
Parametric Resonance ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Linearized System ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Stable Solutions

The nonlinear dynamics of a two-segment articulated tubes system conveying a fluid is studied when the flow is harmonically perturbed. The mean value of the flow rate is near its critical value when the downward vertical position gets unstable and undergoes Hopf bifurcation into periodic solutions. The harmonic perturbations are assumed to be in parametric resonance with the linearized system. The method of Alternate Problems is used to obtain the small nonlinear subharmonic solutions of the system. It is shown that, in addition to the usual jump response, the system also exhibits stable and unstable isolated solution branches. For some parameter combinations the stable solutions can become unstable and can then bifurcate into aperiodic or amplitude-modulated motions.

scholarly journals Comparison of the OxyMask and Venturi Mask in the Delivery of Supplemental Oxygen: Pilot Study in Oxygen-Dependent Patients

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime M Beecroft ◽  
Patrick J Hanly
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Oxygen Delivery ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Flow Rate ◽  
Oxygen Flow ◽  
Oral Breathing ◽  
Venturi Mask

BACKGROUND: The OxyMask (Southmedic Inc, Canada) is a new face mask for oxygen delivery that uses a small ‘diffuser’ to concentrate and direct oxygen toward the mouth and nose. The authors hypothesized that this unique design would enable the OxyMask to deliver oxygen more efficiently than a Venturi mask (Hudson RCI, USA) in patients with chronic hypoxemia.METHODS: Oxygen-dependent patients with chronic, stable respiratory disease were recruited to compare the OxyMask and Venturi mask in a randomized, single-blind, cross-over design. Baseline blood oxygen saturation (SaO2) was established breathing room air, followed in a random order by supplemental oxygen through the OxyMask or Venturi mask. Oxygen delivery was titrated to maintain SaO24% to 5% and 8% to 9% above baseline for two separate 30 min periods of stable breathing. Oxygen flow rate, partial pressure of inspired and expired oxygen (PO2) and carbon dioxide (PCO2), minute ventilation, heart rate, nasal and oral breathing, SaO2and transcutaneousPCO2were collected continuously. The study was repeated following alterations to the OxyMask design, which improved clearance of carbon dioxide.RESULTS: Thirteen patients, aged 28 to 79 years, were studied initially using the original OxyMask. Oxygen flow rate was lower, inspiredPO2was higher and expiredPO2was lower while using the OxyMask. Minute ventilation and inspired and expiredPCO2were significantly higher while using the OxyMask, whereas transcutaneousPCO2, heart rate and the ratio of nasal to oral breathing did not change significantly throughout the study. Following modification of the OxyMask, 13 additional patients, aged 18 to 79 years, were studied using the same protocol. The modified OxyMask provided a higher inspiredPO2at a lower flow rate, without evidence of carbon dioxide retention.CONCLUSIONS: Oxygen is delivered safely and more efficiently by the OxyMask than by the Venturi mask in stable oxygen-dependent patients.

Comparison of Inhaled Metaproterenol via Metered-dose and Hand-held Nebulization in Prehospital Treatment of Bronchospasm

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Rottman ◽  
Nancy E. Robinson ◽  
Marvin L. Birnbaum
Keyword(s):  
Peak Expiratory Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate ◽  
Fire Department ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Dose Inhaler ◽  
Metered Dose Inhaler ◽  
Metered Dose ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Expiratory Flow

AbstractIntroduction:Although the efficacy of the administration of beta-adrenergic bronchodilators has been demonstrated, the best method available for the delivery of these drugs in the prehospital setting has not been defined. This paper compares the effects of administration of metaproterenol when administered by paramedics using either a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) or a hand-held nebulizer (HHN).Hypothesis:There is no difference in the effects produced in patients suffering from smooth bronchiolar muscle spasm by metaproterenol when delivered either by a standard metered-dose inhaler or with a hand-held nebulizer.Participants:Consecutive prehospital patients complaining of difficulty breathing with clinical evidence of bronchospasm and with a history of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or emphysema who were not in extremis.Methods:Prior to the administration of metaproterenol, a peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was obtained. This measurement was repeated five minutes following the conclusion of the administration of metaproterenol. Patients in Burbank, California, received the treatment using a standard metered-dose inhaler, and those in Madison, Wisconsin, received the drug using a hand-held nebulizer. Peak expiratory flow rates were compared using Student's t-tests with Bonferroni's correction. Statistical significance was set at p <0.05.Results:Data were collected from 36 consecutive patients by the paramedics of the Burbank Fire Department and from 32 consecutive patients by the paramedics of the Madison Fire Department. For the metered-dose inhaler group, the mean value for peak expiratory flow rate for the pre-treatment test was 95.4 ±88.1 1/min, and after treatment was 109.4 ±89.3 1/min (p <0.001). For the hand-held nebulizer group, the mean value for peak expiratory flow rate before the administration of the metaproterenol was 96.1 ±76.3 1/min and following the treatment was 149.1 ±92.9 1/min (p <0.001). The mean values for the differences between the control peak expiratory flow rate and the post-treatment peak expiratory flow rate for the metered-dose inhaler group was +14.0 ±27.4 1/min, and for the hand-held nebulizer group was +53.0 ±69.1 1/min (p <0.003).Conclusions:In the prehospital setting the administration of metaproterenol using a hand-held nebulizer is more effective than delivering the drug using a metered-dose inhaler. The hand-held nebulizer is easier to use and delivers a higher dose of the drug than is convenient using the metered-dose inhaler.

scholarly journals Pigmentation Lesions and Salivary Flow Rates on Woman Smokers

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Aulia Fatimah ◽  
Sri Tjahajawati ◽  
Ervin Razali
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Women Smokers ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
The Mean

Smoking habit has many negative effects towardswomen’s systemic and oral health. One of them are decrease of salivary flow rate and an appearance of pigmentation lesion in gingiva. The aim of this research is to obtain data regarding salivary flow rate and pigmentation lession on women smokers.This descriptive research used 50 samples by simple random sampling method. The salivary flow rate data was obtained by spitting method and the pigmentation lesion data was described by visual method. The other data wasobtained through filling the questionnaire. By the findings of this research, it was found that the mean value of salivary flow rate and pigmentation lession of women smokerswho consumed1-8 cigarettes per day for 1-2, 2-5 and > 5 years were 0.4 ml/min & 51,7%, 0.4 ml/min & 100%, 0.4 ml/min & 100%. The mean value of  salivary flow rate and pigmentation lession of women smokerswho consumed9-16 cigarettesper day for 1-2, 2-5 and > 5 years were 0.4 ml/min & 100%, 0.4 ml/min & 100%, 0.4 ml/min & 90%. The mean value of salivary flow rate and pigmentation lession of women smokerswho consumed>16 cigarettes per day for 1-2, 2-5 and > 5 years were 0.3 ml/min & 100%, 0.2 ml/min & 100%, 0.2 ml/min & 100%. The conclusion shows that salivary flow rate on women smokers has a lower value compared to normal salivary flow rate or its called oligosialia and most of the subjects have    

Long-period modulated superstructures in Pd-12.5 at.%Ce and Pd-15 at.%Ce alloys

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 164-165
Author(s):  
Noriyuki Kuwano ◽  
Masaru Itakura ◽  
Kensuke Oki
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Heavy Elements ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Ultra High Purity ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Atomic Scattering ◽  
The Mean

Pd-Ce alloys exhibit various anomalies in physical properties due to mixed valences of Ce, and the anomalies are thought to be strongly related with the crystal structures. Since Pd and Ce are both heavy elements, relative magnitudes of (fcc-fpd) are so small compared with <f> that superlattice reflections, even if any, sometimes cannot be detected in conventional x-ray powder patterns, where fee and fpd are atomic scattering factors of Ce and Pd, and <f> the mean value in the crystal. However, superlattices in Pd-Ce alloys can be analyzed by electron microscopy, thanks to the high detectability of electron diffraction. In this work, we investigated modulated superstructures in alloys with 12.5 and 15.0 at.%Ce.Ingots of Pd-Ce alloys were prepared in an arc furnace under atmosphere of ultra high purity argon. The disc specimens cut out from the ingots were heat-treated in vacuum and electrothinned to electron transparency by a jet method.

Partition Coefficient Ratios and Tumour Perfusion Studied with 85mKr and 133Xe

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (06) ◽  
pp. 253-257
Author(s):  
M. Mäntylä ◽  
J. Perkkiö ◽  
J. Heikkonen
Keyword(s):  
Partition Coefficient ◽  
Partition Coefficients ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Compartmental Analysis ◽  
Malignant Tumour ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Perfusion Rate ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
The Mean

The relative partition coefficients of krypton and xenon, and the regional blood flow in 27 superficial malignant tumour nodules in 22 patients with diagnosed tumours were measured using the 85mKr- and 133Xe-clearance method. In order to minimize the effect of biological variables on the measurements the radionuclides were injected simultaneously into the tumour. The distribution of the radiotracers was assumed to be in equilibrium at the beginning of the experiment. The blood perfusion was calculated by fitting a two-exponential function to the measuring points. The mean value of the perfusion rate calculated from the xenon results was 13 ± 10 ml/(100 g-min) [range 3 to 38 ml/(100 g-min)] and from the krypton results 19 ± 11 ml/(100 g-min) [range 5 to 45 ml/(100 g-min)]. These values were obtained, if the partition coefficients are equal to one. The equations obtained by using compartmental analysis were used for the calculation of the relative partition coefficient of krypton and xenon. The partition coefficient of krypton was found to be slightly smaller than that of xenon, which may be due to its smaller molecular weight.

Detection of Soluble Fibrin Monomer Complexes in Blood by Means of Protamine Sulphate Test

1968 ◽  
Vol 20 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 044-049 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Lipiński ◽  
K Worowski
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Coronary Thrombosis ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Protamine Sulphate ◽  
Soluble Fibrin ◽  
Fibrin Monomer ◽  
Dog Plasma ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Precipitable Protein

SummaryIn the present paper described is a simple test for detecting soluble fibrin monomer complexes (SFMC) in blood. The test consists in mixing 1% protamine sulphate with diluted oxalated plasma or serum and reading the optical density at 6190 Å. In experiments with dog plasma, enriched with soluble fibrin complexes, it was shown that OD read in PS test is proportional to the amount of fibrin recovered from the precipitate. It was found that SFMC level in plasma increases in rabbits infused intravenously with thrombin and decreases after injection of plasmin with streptokinase. In both cases PS precipitable protein in serum is elevated indicating enhanced fibrinolysis. In healthy human subjects the mean value of OD readings in plasma and sera were found to be 0.30 and 0.11, while in patients with coronary thrombosis they are 0.64 and 0.05 respectively. The origin of SFMC in circulation under physiological and pathological conditions is discussed.

Detection of Circulating Tissue Factor and Factor VII in a Normal Population

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (05) ◽  
pp. 772-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sybille Albrecht ◽  
Matthias Kotzsch ◽  
Gabriele Siegert ◽  
Thomas Luther ◽  
Heinz Großmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
And Gender

SummaryThe plasma tissue factor (TF) concentration was correlated to factor VII concentration (FVIIag) and factor VII activity (FVIIc) in 498 healthy volunteers ranging in age from 17 to 64 years. Immunoassays using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were developed for the determination of TF and FVIIag in plasma. The mAbs and the test systems were characterized. The mean value of the TF concentration was 172 ± 135 pg/ml. TF showed no age- and gender-related differences. For the total population, FVIIc, determined by a clotting test, was 110 ± 15% and the factor VIlag was 0.77 ± 0.19 μg/ml. FVII activity was significantly increased with age, whereas the concentration demonstrated no correlation to age in this population. FVII concentration is highly correlated with the activity as measured by clotting assay using rabbit thromboplastin. The ratio between FVIIc and FVIIag was not age-dependent, but demonstrated a significant difference between men and women. Between TF and FVII we could not detect a correlation.

Determination of Plasminogen in Clots and Thrombi

1966 ◽  
Vol 16 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 038-050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulla Hedner ◽  
Inga Marie Nilsson ◽  
B Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Main Mechanism ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Digestion Time ◽  
Normal Volunteers ◽  
Casein Solution ◽  
The Mean

SummaryThe plasminogen content was determined by a casein method in plasma and serum from 20 normal volunteers. The mean plasminogen content was found to be 10.1 ACU (the arbitrary caseinolytic unit defined in such a way that using a 3% casein solution and a digestion time of 20 min. at 37°C, 10 ACU gave an extinction of 0.300). No difference between serum and plasma regarding the plasminogen content was found.Plasminogen was determined in drained and drained plus washed clots prepared from 2 ml plasma. The highest values found in the drained clots were 0.9 ACU/clot and 0.2 ACU/clot in the drained plus washed clots.Plasminogen was also determined in drained and drained plus washed clots prepared from plasma with added purified plasminogen. The plasminogen was recovered in the washing fluid. According to these tests, then, purified added plasminogen is washed out of the clots.The plasminogen content of 20 thrombi obtained post mortem was also determined. The mean value was found to be 0.7 ACU/cm thrombus. Judging from our results, the “intrinsic clot lysis theory” is not the main mechanism of clot dissolution.

Perbedaan Pengetahuan Siswa Tentang Penyakit Hepatitis A Sebelum Dan Sesudah Penyuluhan Di MTsN 02 Bondowoso Tahun 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Putri Megasari
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Test Design ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Paired T Test

Hepatitis has become a health problem in the world. The hepatitis virus infected many people. According to the teacher of MTsN 02 Bondowoso more than 20 students have hepatitis A viral infection. The purpose of this research was to know the differences of students' knowledge about hepatitis A before and after counseling in MTsN 02 Bondowoso 2015. This study used pre-experimental (pre-post test design). This study used stratified random sampling technique, 127 students from 270 sample involved this research,and 143 students was excluded. We used questionnaires to collect data. The results showed that the mean value of the students 'knowledge about hepatitis A before counseling in MTsN 02 Bondowoso 2015 was 83.96 with the lowest value of 37.5 and the highest value was 100. The mean value of the students' knowledge about hepatitis A after counseling in MTsN 02 Bondowoso 2015 was 93.21 with the lowest value waf 62.5 and the highest value was 100. Paired t test showed that t (-9.07) > t table (1.98), the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected. There was a difference between students' knowledge about hepatitis A before and after counseling in MTsN 02 Bondowoso 2015. This study showed that routine counseling by healthcare provider was important to prevent hepatitis A infection.; Keywords: counseling, knowledge of students, hepatitis

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