scholarly journals Dark Matter: A Primer

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Garrett ◽  
Gintaras Duda
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Advanced Students ◽  
Extensive List

Dark matter is one of the greatest unsolved mysteries in cosmology at the present time. About 80% of the Universe's gravitating matter is nonluminous, and its nature and distribution are for the most part unknown. In this paper, we will outline the history, astrophysical evidence, candidates, and detection methods of dark matter, with the goal to give the reader an accessible but rigorous introduction to the puzzle of dark matter. This paper targets advanced students and researchers new to the field of dark matter, and includes an extensive list of references for further study.

Detectors for cosmic particles, neutrinos and exotic matter

2020 ◽  
pp. 655-710
Author(s):  
Hermann Kolanoski ◽  
Norbert Wermes
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Cosmic Radiation ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Astroparticle Physics ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Origin

Astroparticle physics deals with the investigation of cosmic radiation using similar detection methods as in particle physics, however, mostly with quite different detector arrangements. In this chapter the detection principles for the different radiation types with cosmic origin are presented, this includes charged particles, gamma radiation, neutrinos and possibly existing Dark Matter. In the case of neutrinos also experiments at accelerators and reactors are included. Examples, which are typical for the different areas, are given for detectors and their properties. For cosmic ray detection apparatuses are deployed above the atmosphere with balloons or satellites or on the ground using the atmosphere as calorimeter in which high-energy cosmic rays develop showers or in underground areas including in water and ice.

scholarly journals New generation low-energy probes for ultralight axion and scalar dark matter

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (15) ◽  
pp. 1740004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yevgeny V. Stadnik ◽  
Victor V. Flambaum
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Topological Defects ◽  
Interaction Constant ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Classical Field ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Ordinary Matter ◽  
New Generation

We present a brief overview of a new generation of high-precision laboratory and astrophysical measurements to search for ultralight (sub-eV) axion, axion-like pseudoscalar and scalar dark matter (DM), which form either a coherently oscillating classical field or topological defects (solitons). In these new detection methods, the sought effects are linear in the interaction constant between DM and ordinary matter, which is in stark contrast to traditional searches for DM, where the sought effects are quadratic or higher order in the underlying interaction constants (which are extremely small).

scholarly journals The Role of Small Scale Experiments in the Direct Detection of Dark Matter

Universe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Susana Cebrián
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
Complex Detection

In the direct detection of the galactic dark matter, experiments using cryogenic solid-state detectors or noble liquids play for years a very relevant role, with increasing target mass and more and more complex detection systems. But smaller projects, based on very sensitive, advanced detectors following new technologies, could help in the exploration of the different proposed dark matter scenarios too. There are experiments focused on the observation of distinctive signatures of dark matter, like an annual modulation of the interaction rates or the directionality of the signal; other ones are intended to specifically investigate low mass dark matter candidates or particular interactions. For this kind of dark matter experiments at small scale, the physics case will be discussed and selected projects will be described, summarizing the basics of their detection methods and presenting their present status, recent results and prospects.

scholarly journals The particles concepts and physical detection schemes of dark matter

2021 ◽  
Vol 2083 (2) ◽  
pp. 022049
Author(s):  
Zhongyi Lin ◽  
Ziheng Xiong ◽  
Bowen Yang
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Separation Of Variables ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Dark Matter Detection ◽  
Detection Schemes ◽  
Matter Detection ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract It is still unable to determine the categories of particle that composes the dark matter due to the shortage of detection methods. In this paper, we used the methods of separation of variables, analogy, and dimensional analysis to investigate dark matter detection. The three different models, including the WIMP, axions, and MACHOs, are considered first, which described the properties of dark matter as well. Subsequently, the three currents methods of detecting dark matter, and shortage of those methods are discussed. According to the drawbacks, we have related Gravitational Waves and Cosmic Rays to detecting dark matter, which may contribute to the further detection of dark matter. The milestones achieved these years have also been briefly described, followed by some up-gradations of detectors and further research schemes. These new methods proposed in theory will be upgraded and implemented soon. These results shed light for future dark matter detection.

scholarly journals SOME ASPECTS OF NEW CDM MODELS AND CDM DETECTION METHODS

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (28) ◽  
pp. 2213-2223
Author(s):  
SHMUEL NUSSINOV
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Cold Dark Matter ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Annual Modulation ◽  
Neutrino Telescopes ◽  
Daily Variations ◽  
New Models ◽  
Recoil Ions

We briefly review some recent Cold Dark Matter (CDM) models. Our main focus are charge symmetric models of WIMPs which are not the standard SUSY LSP's (Lightest Supersymmetric Partners). We indicate which experiments are most sensitive to certain aspects of the models. In particular, we discuss the manifestations of the new models in neutrino telescopes and other setups. We also discuss some direct detection experiments and comment on measuring the direction of recoil ions — which is correlated with the direction of the incoming WIMP. This could yield daily variations providing along with the annual modulation signatures for CDM.

DNA nick end labeling: a reliable marker for apoptosis?

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 962-963
Author(s):  
Anne F. Bushnell ◽  
Sarah Webster ◽  
Lynn S. Perlmutter
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Tissue Preparation ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Dna Laddering ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Reliable Marker

Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is an important mechanism in development and in diverse disease states. The morphological characteristics of apoptosis were first identified using the electron microscope. Since then, DNA laddering on agarose gels was found to correlate well with apoptotic cell death in cultured cells of dissimilar origins. Recently numerous DNA nick end labeling methods have been developed in an attempt to visualize, at the light microscopic level, the apoptotic cells responsible for DNA laddering.The present studies were designed to compare various tissue processing techniques and staining methods to assess the occurrence of apoptosis in post mortem tissue from Alzheimer's diseased (AD) and control human brains by DNA nick end labeling methods. Three tissue preparation methods and two commercial DNA nick end labeling kits were evaluated: the Apoptag kit from Oncor and the Biotin-21 dUTP 3' end labeling kit from Clontech. The detection methods of the two kits differed in that the Oncor kit used digoxigenin dUTP and anti-digoxigenin-peroxidase and the Clontech used biotinylated dUTP and avidinperoxidase. Both used 3-3' diaminobenzidine (DAB) for final color development.

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