scholarly journals Study of Mechanical Properties of Waste Biomass Reinforced Urea-Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1478-1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. SINGHA ◽  
B. S. Kaith ◽  
Inderjeet Kaur ◽  
Ashwarya Jyoti Khanna
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Thermal Studies ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Pine Needles ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Resorcinol Formaldehyde ◽  
High Performing

Natural fibers play an important role in developing high performing fully biodegradable composites which will be a key material to solve the current ecological and environmental problems. Due to enormous advantages of composites reinforced with natural fibers, a study on pine needles reinforced urea-resorcinol-formaldehyde composites has been made. Present investigation has revealed that urea-formaldehyde resin in 1.0: 2.5 ratio exhibits optimum mechanical behavior whereas in case urea-resorcinol- formaldehyde resin, the best mechanical behavior was shown by 1.0: 1.0: 2.5 ratios. However, reinforcing of this resin with pine-needles of 1 cm size and evaluation of their mechanical properties showed that mechanical properties increase with reinforcement. These results were further supported by theSEMand thermal studies.

scholarly journals Saccaharum Cilliare Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 782-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Singha ◽  
Vijay Kumar Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Thermal Studies ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Fiber Reinforcement ◽  
Short Fiber ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Materials

Renewable resources such as natural fibers in the field of fiber reinforced materials with their new range of applications represent an important basis in order to fulfill the ecological objective of creating eco-friendly materials. In views of enormous advantages a study on green composites usingSaccaharum cilliarefiber as a reinforcing material and urea-formaldehyde (UF) as a novel matrix has been made. First of all urea-formaldehyde resin synthesized was reinforced withSaccaharum cilliarefiber. Reinforcement of the fiber was accomplished in three different forms particle (200 micron) reinforcement, short fiber (3 mm.) reinforcement and long fiber (6 mm) reinforcement. Present work reveals that mechanical properties such as: tensile strength, compressive strength and wear resistance of urea -formaldehyde resin (UF) increases to a significant extent when reinforced withSaccaharum cilliarefiber which is found in outsized amount in the Himalayan Region. These mechanical properties mainly depend upon the dimensions of the fiber used. Analysis of results shows that particle reinforcement is more effective as compared to short and long fiber reinforcement. Morphological and thermal studies of these composites have also been carried out.

Manufacture of thin rice straw particleboards bonded with various polymeric methane diphenyl diisocyanate/ urea formaldehyde resin mixtures

BioResources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 935-944
Author(s):  
Peng Luo ◽  
Chuanmin Yang ◽  
Mengyao Li ◽  
Yueqi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Board Density ◽  
Layer Medium ◽  
Resin Formulation

Reducing particleboard thickness is one of the major approaches to decrease consumption volume of particleboard for furniture manufacture. This study employed an adhesive mixture of polymeric methane diphenyl diisocyanate (PMDI) and urea formaldehyde (UF) to produce single-layer medium density thin rice straw particleboard. The effects of various PMDI/UF formulations as well as board density on mechanical properties and water resistance of rice straw particleboard were studied. The results indicated that the mechanical properties and water resistance of the thin rice straw particleboard were appreciably affected by resin formulation. The panels bonded with PMDI/UF adhesive mixtures had mechanical properties and water resistance far superior to those bonded with UF. Higher PMDI content levels in resin mixtures led to improved mechanical properties and water resistance. Density influenced mechanical properties and water resistance of the thin rice straw particleboard. Increasing the density of the panel could upgrade the mechanical properties of the thin rice straw particleboard. The experimental outcomes showed that PMDI/UF resin systems had potential to substitute for pure PMDI resin in producing thin rice straw particleboard, which could effectively lower manufacturing cost and bring economic efficiencies due to reduced amount of pricey PMDI.

scholarly journals Physical and Mechanical Properties of Binderless Particleboard Made from Steam-Pretreated Oil Palm Trunk Particles

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Geng Boon ◽  
Rokiah Hashim ◽  
Mohammed Danish ◽  
Wan Noor Aidawati Wan Nadhari
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Steam Pretreatment ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Oil Palm Trunk

Formaldehyde emissions from conventional particleboards raise issues of health and safety. One of the potential solutions is binderless particleboards made without using synthetic adhesives. However, the physical and mechanical properties of untreated binderless particleboards are relatively poor compared to conventional particleboards. This research aims to reveal the potential of using steam pretreatment to improve binderless particleboard properties made from oil palm trunk. The oil palm trunk particles were treated with steam pretreatment for different durations of time (20, 40, 60 min). The chemical constituents of the treated and untreated particles were evaluated. The binderless particleboards were made from treated and untreated particles. In addition, panels using untreated oil palm trunk particles with 10% urea–formaldehyde resin were made and used as a comparison. The boards were evaluated according to European Standards. The results indicated that the hemicellulose and starch content gradually reduced with the progression of steam pretreatment. The physical and mechanical properties were improved by increasing steam pretreatment duration. The steam pretreatment was able to improve the properties of binderless particleboards made from oil palm trunk. However, the performance of steam-pretreated binderless particleboard in this study is not compatible with the particleboards made using 10% urea–formaldehyde.

scholarly journals Molecular Dynamics Study on Mechanical Properties of Interface between Urea-Formaldehyde Resin and Calcium-Silicate-Hydrates

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4054
Author(s):  
Xianfeng Wang ◽  
Wei Xie ◽  
Taoran Li ◽  
Jun Ren ◽  
Jihua Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Cement Matrix ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Binding Behavior ◽  
Composite Models

Microcapsule based self-healing concrete can automatically repair damage and improve the durability of concrete structures, the performance of which depends on the binding behavior between the microcapsule wall and cement matrix. However, conventional experimental methods could not provide detailed information on a microscopic level. In this paper, through molecular dynamics simulation, three composite models of Tobermorite (Tobermorite 9 Å, Tobermorite 11 Å, Tobermorite 14 Å), a mineral similar to Calcium-Silicate–Hydrate (C–S–H) gel, with the linear urea–formaldehyde (UF), the shell of the microcapsule, were established to investigate the mechanical properties and interface binding behaviour of the Tobermorite/UF composite. The results showed that the Young’s modulus, shear modulus and bulk modulus of Tobermorite/UF were lower than that of ‘pure’ Tobermorite, whereas the tensile strength and failure strain of Tobermorite/UF were higher than that of ‘pure’ Tobermorite. Moreover, through radial distribution function (RDF) analysis, the connection between Tobermorite and UF found a strong interaction between Ca, N, and O, whereas Si from Tobermorite and N from UF did not contribute to the interface binding strength. Finally, high binding energy between the Tobermorite and UF was observed. The research results should provide insights into the interface behavior between the microcapsule wall and the cement matrix.

scholarly journals Influence of the adhesive formulation on the mechanical properties and bonding performance of polyurethane prepolymers

Holzforschung ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 835-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Clauß ◽  
Joseph Gabriel ◽  
Alexander Karbach ◽  
Mathias Matner ◽  
Peter Niemz
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
The Other ◽  
Shear Tests ◽  
Resorcinol Formaldehyde ◽  
Bonding Performance ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
The One ◽  
Adhesive Formulation

Abstract Only small amounts of additives are needed to formulate one-component polyurethane (1C PUR) adhesives for various applications. The current study illuminates the effects of the formulation on the mechanical properties of pure adhesives, on the one hand, and their performance in bonded wood joints on the other. Tensile shear tests on bonded wood joints, tensile tests on adhesive films, and nanoindentation measurements in the interphase region of the bond were performed. Analyses by means of infrared, atomic force, and electron microscopy provided the explanatory basis for the results obtained. Additionally to laboratory made 1C PUR, unmodified commercial 1C PUR, melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF), and phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde (PRF) were tested for comparison. The results obtained confirm that the mechanical properties of 1C PUR adhesives are significantly affected by their prepolymer composition. The adhesive formulation by means of additives, on the other hand, does not affect the mechanical properties but is to a large extent responsible for the bonding performance.

Improving the Thickness-Swelling (TS) of Castor-Stalk Based Panel

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 2095-2099
Author(s):  
Xiao Ping Li ◽  
Ding Guo Zhou ◽  
Si Qun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Republic Of China

Castor-oil stalk is one kind of excellent woody materials, and the thickness swelling ( TS ) of the castor-oil stalk based panel with Urea- formaldehyde resin ( UF ) cannot meet the requirement of the Standard of People’s Republic of China. the TS of the panel was improved with wax emulsion.Results showed that the mechanical properties and the TS of the particle panels were improved as the wax emulsion loading increased. The TS of castor stalk based particle boards and fiber boards can meet the requirement of standard of PRC when 1.44 and 1.2 wt% wax emulsion, respectively, was added.

scholarly journals Grewia optivaFiber Reinforced Novel, Low Cost Polymer Composites

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Singha ◽  
Vijay Kumar Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Thermal Studies ◽  
Fiber Reinforcement ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Fiber Analysis ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Grewia Optiva ◽  
Analysis Of Results

In this research article, the assessment of properties of compression moldedGrewia optivafiber reinforced Urea-Formaldehyde (UF) matrix based polymer composites is reported. Reinforcing of the UF resin withGrewia optivafiber was accomplished in the particle, short and long fiber reinforcement. Present work reveals that mechanical properties such as: tensile strength, compressive strength and wear resistance of urea - formaldehyde resin increases to a significant extent when reinforced withGrewia optivafiber. Analysis of results shows that particle reinforcement is more effective as compared to short and long fiber reinforcement. Morphological and Thermal studies of the matrix and fibre reinforced biocomposites have also been carried out

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