scholarly journals Weight Gain, Obesity, and Psychotropic Prescribing

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikhil Nihalani ◽  
Thomas L. Schwartz ◽  
Umar A. Siddiqui ◽  
James L. Megna
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Mood Stabilizers ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Longitudinal Treatment

A majority of psychiatric medications are known to generate weight gain and ultimately obesity in some patients. There is much speculation about the prevalence of weight gain and the degree of weight gain during acute and longitudinal treatment with these agents. There is newer literature looking at the etiology of this weight gain and the potential treatments being used to alleviate this side effect. The authors undertook a comprehensive literature review in order to present epidemiology, etiology, and treatment options of weight gain associated with antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, and antidepressants.

scholarly journals Ranking Self-reported Gastrointestinal Side Effects of Pharmacotherapy in Sarcoidosis

Lung ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 198 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Drent ◽  
V. L. J. Proesmans ◽  
M. D. P. Elfferich ◽  
N. T. Jessurun ◽  
S. M. G. de Jong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Gastrointestinal Side Effects

Abstract Background Clinical manifestations of sarcoidosis vary widely, depending on the intensity of the inflammation and the organ systems affected. So far, no curative treatment exists; the disease can only be suppressed. All treatment options cause side effects affecting quality of life. The aim of this study was to establish and rank the prevalence of self-reported gastrointestinal side effects of drugs used in the treatment of sarcoidosis. Methods A cross-sectional web-based anonymous survey about complaints and side effects was conducted among sarcoidosis patients in the Netherlands, United Kingdom, and United States of America. Results Of the participants, 70% were being treated with one or more drugs. The most important reported side effect was weight gain, associated with increased appetite among prednisone users (as monotherapy as well as in combination with other drugs). Methotrexate (MTX) users especially experienced nausea, with monotherapy as well as combination therapy. Vomiting and weight loss were most prominent among azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) users, whereas diarrhoea was frequently mentioned by MMF and MTX users. The reported side effects of hydroxychloroquine were generally rather mild. Conclusion The current study ranked the gastrointestinal side effects associated with pharmacotherapy in sarcoidosis patients. Pharmacotherapy does have multiple gastrointestinal side effects. The strongest association between a reported side effect and drug use was that of weight gain associated with increased appetite among prednisone users. It would therefore be useful for future research to look further into dietary interventions to counter these side effects and reduce their burden.

Antipsychotic Use in Australia: The Patients' Perspective

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 633-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Castle ◽  
David Castle ◽  
Vera Morgan ◽  
Assen Jablensky
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Psychotropic Medication ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Antipsychotic Agent ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Mood Stabilizers ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Typical Antipsychotics

Objective: To describe patterns of self-reported medication use in a population-based sample of people with psychotic disorders; to establish correlates with clinical variables; to determine perceived side-effect burden; and investigate patient perception of efficacy for different classes of antipsychotic agent. Methods: Using the Australian Low Prevalence (Psychosis) Study database we analysed patterns of psychotropic medication and examined their clinical correlates. We also determined rates of reported side-effects and perceived benefit or otherwise associated with the different antipsychotic drugs. Results: Of the 1126 persons interviewed, 88.6% were on psychotropic medication; 54.3% were using ‘typical’ antipsychotics (24.8% in depot form), while 8.3% were on clozapine, 13.3% on risperidone, and 8.8% on olanzapine. Around 30% of women, and 20% of men, were on mood stabilizers or antidepressants. Over half of respondents were on more than one agent. Of those on only one agent, nearly 80% reported at least one side-effect; the mean number of side-effects was 3.9 for typical antipsychotics, and 3.3 for atypicals. Atypicals, notably clozapine, tended to be rated by patients as more efficacious than typicals; depot preparations, in particular, tended to be seen as unhelpful, and were associated with a higher side-effect burden. Conclusions: This study presents an insight into patients’ perception of efficacy and sideeffects of antipsychotic medications. The findings have implications for clinicians, and can inform treatment options in people with psychotic disorders.

Lithium and valproate-induced tremors

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 174-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacquelyn E. Canning ◽  
Stephanie Burton ◽  
Beth Hall
Keyword(s):  
Side Effect ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Mood Stabilizers ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Adjunctive Treatment ◽  
Expected Time

Lithium and valproate are mood stabilizers known to cause tremor. This article concisely addresses etiological questions, expected time frame of tremor onset, and treatment options for this medication-induced side effect. Along with dosage modifications of the tremor-inducing medication, authors review evidence from small trials of adjunctive treatment modalities.

scholarly journals Dry Eye Disease: A Review of Epidemiology in Taiwan, and its Clinical Treatment and Merits

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Kai Kuo ◽  
I-Chan Lin ◽  
Li-Nien Chien ◽  
Tzu-Yu Lin ◽  
Ying-Ting How ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Consumer Electronics ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
And Gender

Dry eye disease (DED) has become common on a global scale in recent years. There is a wide prevalence of DED in different countries based on various ethnicities and environment. DED is a multifactorial ocular disorder. In addition to advanced age and gender, such factors as living at high altitude, smoking, pterygium, prolonged use of consumer electronics or overingesting of caffeine or multivitamins are considered to be the major risk factors of DED. We report the DED epidemiology in Taiwan firstly in this article. According to the pathophysiological factors and changes inthe composition of the tear film in DED, it can be categorized into several subtypes, including lipid anomaly dry eye, aqueous tear deficiency, allergic and toxic dry eye among others. Each subtype has its own cause and disease management; therefore, it is important for ophthalmologists to identify the type through literature review and investigation. The management of DED, relies not only on traditional medications such as artificial tears, gels and ointments, but also newer treatment options such as acupuncture, SYL1001, and nanomedicine therapy. We also conducted a comprehensive literature review including common subtypes and treatment of DED. Clearly, more clinical trials are needed to assess the efficacy and safety of the various treatments and common subtypes of DED.

Pneumomediastinum: A Rare Presentation of Inflicted Injuries in Infants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Lee ◽  
Adam Bajinting ◽  
Abby Lunneen ◽  
Colleen M. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Gustavo A. Villalona
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum ◽  
Nonaccidental Trauma ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
History Of

AbstractReports of incidental pneumomediastinum in infants secondary to inflicted trauma are limited. A retrospective review of infants with pneumomediastinum and history of inflicted trauma was performed. A comprehensive literature review was performed. Three infants presented with pneumomediastinum associated with inflicted trauma. Mean age was 4.6 weeks. All patients underwent diagnostic studies, as well as a standardized evaluation for nonaccidental trauma. All patients with pneumomediastinum were resolved at follow-up. Review of the literature identified other cases with similar presentations with related oropharyngeal injuries. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in previously healthy infants may be associated with inflicted injuries. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of an oropharyngeal perforation related to this presentation.

Partial Adrenal Suppression with Prolonged Use of Depo-Provera

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Nur Aisyah Zainordin ◽  
Fatimah Zaherah Mohamed Shah ◽  
Rohana Abdul Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Adrenal Incidentaloma ◽  
Adrenal Suppression ◽  
Private Pharmacy ◽  
Significant Weight Gain ◽  
The Past ◽  
Depo Provera

A 49-year old patient presented with symptoms of adrenal suppression following an attempt to withdraw Depo-Provera or Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA) injection. She had been receiving DMPA injections for the past 16 years for contraception. She was initially prescribed DMPA by her gynaecologist but later on began obtaining the medication directly from a private pharmacy without prior consultation from her gynaecologist. Clinically, she had been experiencing significant weight gain and appeared cushingoid. Blood investigations confirmed partial adrenal suppression with presence of an adrenal incidentaloma. This case reports a known side effect of DMPA but occurring at a much lower dose than previously described. It also highlights the need to increase the awareness of the insidious side effect of DMPA and to avoid unsupervised use of the drug.

Conceptualización del desempeño exportador: análisis de los avances en la literatura de los negocios internacionales

Oikos ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (40) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Roberto Horta
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
International Business ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review

RESUMENEl objetivo de este artículo es el de analizar el concepto “desempeño exportador”, concepto muy usado en la literatura relacionada con los negocios internacionales, a los efectos de aportar a su conceptualización y medición. Para ello, se efectúa una amplia revisión de la literatura y se analizan los avances realizados por los investigadores a los efectos de aportar a las dimensiones y formas de medir este concepto. Se concluye que se trata de un concepto en el cual siguen existiendo diversos enfoques, aunque existen avances importantes en la forma de operacionalizar el desempeño exportador.Palabras clave: conceptualización, desempeño exportador, negocios internacionales.Conceptualization of export performance: analysis of developments in the literature of international business ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper is to analyze the concept of "export performance" concept very use in the literature of international business, in order to contribute to its conceptualization and measurement. For this, a comprehensive literature review is performed and the progress made by researchers to contribute to the dimensions and ways of measuring this concept is discussed. Concluded that it is a concept which still exist several approaches, although there are significant advances in how to operationalize export performance.Keywords: conceptualization, export performance, international business.Conceptualização do desempenho exportador: a análise dos avanços na literatura dos negócios internacionais RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o conceito de "desempenho exportador", conceito utilizado amplamente na literatura sobre negócios internacionais, aos efeitos de contribuir para a conceituação e medição. Para fazer isso, se faz uma extensa revisão da literatura e analisam-se os avanços realizados pelos pesquisadores aos efeitos de contribuir nas dimensões e formas de medir este conceito. Conclui-se que se trata de um conceito no qual continuam existindo diversas abordagens, apesar dos avanços significativos na forma de operacionalizar o desempenho exportador.Palavras-chave: conceituação, desempenho exportador, negócios internacionais.

Exploring the Chemistry and Therapeutic Potential of Triazoles: A Comprehensive Literature Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (16) ◽  
pp. 1298-1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankit Jain ◽  
Poonam Piplani
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Structural Modification ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Triazole Derivatives ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
The Common

: Triazole is a valuable platform in medicinal chemistry, possessing assorted pharmacological properties, which could play a major role in the common mechanisms associated with various disorders like cancer, infections, inflammation, convulsions, oxidative stress and neurodegeneration. Structural modification of this scaffold could be helpful in the generation of new therapeutically useful agents. Although research endeavors are moving towards the growth of synthetic analogs of triazole, there is still a lot of scope to achieve drug discovery break-through in this area. Upcoming therapeutic prospective of this moiety has captured the attention of medicinal chemists to synthesize novel triazole derivatives. The authors amalgamated the chemistry, synthetic strategies and detailed pharmacological activities of the triazole nucleus in the present review. Information regarding the marketed triazole derivatives has also been incorporated. The objective of the review is to provide insights to designing and synthesizing novel triazole derivatives with advanced and unexplored pharmacological implications.

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