scholarly journals The Importance of Antioxidant Micronutrients in Pregnancy

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiten D. Mistry ◽  
Paula J. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Maternal Circulation ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Intervention Trials ◽  
Peroxidase Enzymes ◽  
Reduced Activity ◽  
In Pregnancy

Pregnancy places increased demands on the mother to provide adequate nutrition to the growing conceptus. A number of micronutrients function as essential cofactors for or themselves acting as antioxidants. Oxidative stress is generated during normal placental development; however, when supply of antioxidant micronutrients is limited, exaggerated oxidative stress within both the placenta and maternal circulation occurs, resulting in adverse pregnancy outcomes. The present paper summarises the current understanding of selected micronutrient antioxidants selenium, copper, zinc, manganese, and vitamins C and E in pregnancy. To summarise antioxidant activity of selenium is via its incorporation into the glutathione peroxidase enzymes, levels of which have been shown to be reduced in miscarriage and preeclampsia. Copper, zinc, and manganese are all essential cofactors for superoxide dismutases, which has reduced activity in pathological pregnancy. Larger intervention trials are required to reinforce or refute a beneficial role of micronutrient supplementation in disorders of pregnancies.

Importance of Oral Health in Pregnancy: A Mini-symposium

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-158
Author(s):  
Aditi Priyamvara ◽  
Amit K. Dey ◽  
Antara Bagchi ◽  
Raveena Kelkar ◽  
Rajaram Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
The Body ◽  
Systemic Impact ◽  
Low Birth Weight Babies ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: It is known that hormonal imbalances during pregnancy make women more susceptible to dental problems. High levels of progesterone and estrogen during pregnancy, lead to an increased inflammatory response to dental plaque thus causing predisposing to gum diseases such as gingivitis. If untreated, gingivitis leads to chronic periodontitis which may manifest systemically in form of cardiovascular, endocrine or even respiratory disorders. Also, hyperacidity in the oral cavity due to gastric reflux and vomiting leads to decreased pH thus damaging the tooth enamel making the oral cavity more prone to tooth decay and tooth loss. Studies also show that periodontal disease can also lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as pre-term and low birth weight babies. Objectives: We sought to understand the role of oral health in pregnancy. Methods: We identified major articles of interest in the field of oral health in pregnancy and drafted a mini-symposium based on relevant information. Conclusion: Regular dental visits and cognizant efforts to sustain a healthy oral environment can help women in the prevention and treatment of dental issues during pregnancy. The paper highlights the common oral manifestations during pregnancy and their local and systemic impact on the body during pregnancy. Furthermore, it also emphasizes the importance of good oral health practices to counteract the oral complications and the significance of oral health awareness in pregnant women.

scholarly journals Role of oxidative stress and antioxidant supplementation in pregnancy disorders

2011 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_6) ◽  
pp. 1980S-1985S ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucilla Poston ◽  
Natalia Igosheva ◽  
Hiten D Mistry ◽  
Paul T Seed ◽  
Andrew H Shennan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Supplementation ◽  
In Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy Disorders

scholarly journals Role of Vitamin E in Pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Aftab Siddiqui ◽  
Usama Ahmad ◽  
Asad Ali ◽  
Farogh Ahsan ◽  
Md. Faheem Haider
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Healthy Skin ◽  
In Pregnancy ◽  
Vitamin E Supplementation

Vitamins play important roles in female health. They are essential for many functions, including menstruation and ovulation, oocyte (egg) quality and maturation. Vitamin E was first discovered in 1922 as a substance necessary for reproduction. It has become widely known as a powerful lipid-soluble antioxidant. There are various reports on the benefits of vitamin E on health in general. Vitamin E helps your body create and maintain red blood cells, healthy skin, eyes and strengthens your natural immune system. However, despite it being initially discovered as a vitamin necessary for reproduction, to date studies relating to its effects in this area are lacking. Vitamin E supplementation may help reduce the risk of pregnancy complications involving oxidative stress, such as pre-eclampsia. This chapter is written to provide a review of the known roles of vitamin E in pregnancy.

scholarly journals Uterine Glands: Developmental Biology and Functional Roles in Pregnancy

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1424-1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M Kelleher ◽  
Francesco J DeMayo ◽  
Thomas E Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Biology ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Α ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Maternal Circulation ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Uterine Glands ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract All mammalian uteri contain glands in the endometrium that develop only or primarily after birth. Gland development or adenogenesis in the postnatal uterus is intrinsically regulated by proliferation, cell–cell interactions, growth factors and their inhibitors, as well as transcription factors, including forkhead box A2 (FOXA2) and estrogen receptor α (ESR1). Extrinsic factors regulating adenogenesis originate from other organs, including the ovary, pituitary, and mammary gland. The infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss observed in uterine gland knockout sheep and mouse models support a primary role for secretions and products of the glands in pregnancy success. Recent studies in mice revealed that uterine glandular epithelia govern postimplantation pregnancy establishment through effects on stromal cell decidualization and placental development. In humans, uterine glands and, by inference, their secretions and products are hypothesized to be critical for blastocyst survival and implantation as well as embryo and placental development during the first trimester before the onset of fetal–maternal circulation. A variety of hormones and other factors from the ovary, placenta, and stromal cells impact secretory function of the uterine glands during pregnancy. This review summarizes new information related to the developmental biology of uterine glands and discusses novel perspectives on their functional roles in pregnancy establishment and success.

scholarly journals Role of malaria induced oxidative stress on anaemia in pregnancy

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
OM Akanbi ◽  
AB Odaibo ◽  
R Olatoregun ◽  
AB Ademowo
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Anaemia In Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

scholarly journals The Role of NFκB in Healthy and Preeclamptic Placenta: Trophoblasts in the Spotlight

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooke Armistead ◽  
Leena Kadam ◽  
Sascha Drewlo ◽  
Hamid-Reza Kohan-Ghadr
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Protein Family ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Critical Organ ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The NFκB protein family regulates numerous pathways within the cell—including inflammation, hypoxia, angiogenesis and oxidative stress—all of which are implicated in placental development. The placenta is a critical organ that develops during pregnancy that primarily functions to supply and transport the nutrients required for fetal growth and development. Abnormal placental development can be observed in numerous disorders during pregnancy, including fetal growth restriction, miscarriage, and preeclampsia (PE). NFκB is highly expressed in the placentas of women with PE, however its contributions to the syndrome are not fully understood. In this review we discuss the molecular actions and related pathways of NFκB in the placenta and highlight areas of research that need attention

scholarly journals Angiogenesis in the Placenta: The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn D. Pereira ◽  
Nicole E. De Long ◽  
Ruijun C. Wang ◽  
Fereshteh T. Yazdi ◽  
Alison C. Holloway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Placental Dysfunction ◽  
Placental Angiogenesis ◽  
Healthy Pregnancy ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
And Function ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling

Proper placental development and function are central to the health of both the mother and the fetus during pregnancy. A critical component of healthy placental function is the proper development of its vascular network. Poor vascularization of the placenta can lead to fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia, and in some cases fetal death. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms by which uterine stressors influence the development of the placental vasculature and contribute to placental dysfunction is of central importance to ensuring a healthy pregnancy. In this review we discuss how oxidative stress observed in maternal smoking, maternal obesity, and preeclampsia has been associated with aberrant angiogenesis and placental dysfunction resulting in adverse pregnancy outcomes. We also highlight that oxidative stress can influence the expression of a number of transcription factors important in mediating angiogenesis. Therefore, understanding how oxidative stress affects redox-sensitive transcription factors within the placenta may elucidate potential therapeutic targets for correcting abnormal placental angiogenesis and function.

scholarly journals The Role of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Balance in Pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Tarique Hussain ◽  
Ghulam Murtaza ◽  
Elsayed Metwally ◽  
Dildar Hussain Kalhoro ◽  
Muhammad Saleem Kalhoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Embryo Implantation ◽  
Fetal Loss ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
In Pregnancy

It has been widely known that oxidative stress disrupts the balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant system in the body. During pregnancy, the physiological generation of ROS is involved in a variety of developmental processes ranging from oocyte maturation to luteolysis and embryo implantation. While abnormal overproduction of ROS disrupts these processes resulting in reproductive failure. In addition, excessive oxidative stress impairs maternal and placental functions and eventually results in fetal loss, IUGR, and gestational diabetes mellitus. Although some oxidative stress is inevitable during pregnancy, a balancing act between oxidant and antioxidant production is necessary at different stages of the pregnancy. The review aims to highlight the importance of maintaining oxidative and antioxidant balance throughout pregnancy. Furthermore, we highlight the role of oxidative stress in pregnancy-related diseases.

scholarly journals The possible role of selenium status in adverse pregnancy outcomes

2011 ◽  
Vol 105 (10) ◽  
pp. 1418-1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline B. Mariath ◽  
Denise P. Bergamaschi ◽  
Patrícia H. C. Rondó ◽  
Ana C. D'A. Tanaka ◽  
Patrícia de Fragas Hinnig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Stress Studies ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Se Status

The present study reviews the possible role of Se status during pregnancy regarding adverse pregnancy outcomes, with emphasis on those related to diminished antioxidant activity and increased oxidative stress. Studies have reported that Se could play an important role in adverse outcomes such as miscarriages, neural tube defects, diaphragmatic hernia, premature birth, low birth weight, pre-eclampsia, glucose intolerance and gestational diabetes. Also, low Se status has been associated with adverse outcomes among HIV-infected pregnant women and their offspring. Nevertheless, the function of Se in the aetiology of pregnancy complications is yet to be elucidated. Available evidence presents the following limitations: most study designs do not allow conclusions about causal relationships; study populations, selection of subjects, research setting, procedures for defining sample size and analytical methods are often poorly described; many studies fail to adjust for important confounding variables. In addition, population studies assessing the relationship between Se intake during pregnancy and health outcomes are scarce. Further research is still needed to clarify the role of Se status in adverse pregnancy outcomes, especially those related to augmented oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Berries and oxidative stress markers: an overview of human intervention studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 2890-2917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Del Bo’ ◽  
Daniela Martini ◽  
Marisa Porrini ◽  
Dorothy Klimis-Zacas ◽  
Patrizia Riso
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Intervention Trials ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Severalin vitroandin vivostudies have demonstrated that polyphenol-rich berries may counteract oxidative stress. In this review, we summarized the main finding from human intervention trials on the role of berries in the modulation of markers of oxidative lipid, protein and DNA damage.

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