scholarly journals A NewIn VivoModel System to Assess the Toxicity of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Tino ◽  
Alfredo Ambrosone ◽  
Lucia Mattera ◽  
Valentina Marchesano ◽  
Andrei Susha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Semiconductor Nanocrystals ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Hydra Vulgaris ◽  
Population Growth Rates ◽  
Single Structure

In the emerging area of nanotechnology, a key issue is related to the potential impacts of the novel nanomaterials on the environment and human health, so that this technology can be used with minimal risk. Specifically designed to combine on a single structure multipurpose tags and properties, smart nanomaterials need a comprehensive characterization of both chemicophysical properties and adequate toxicological evaluation, which is a challenging endeavour; thein vitrotoxicity assays that are often employed for nanotoxicity assessments do not accurately predictin vivoresponse. To overcome these limitations and to evaluate toxicity characteristics of cadmium telluride quantum dots in relation to surface coatings, we have employed the freshwater polypHydra vulgarisas a model system. We assessedin vivoacute and sublethal toxicity by scoring for alteration of morphological traits, population growth rates, and influence on the regenerative capabilities providing new investigation clues for nanotoxicology purposes.

scholarly journals Novel Antiplasmodial Agents from Christia vespertilionis

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harish C. Upadhyay ◽  
Brijesh S. Sisodia ◽  
Harveer S. Cheema ◽  
Jyoti Agrawal ◽  
Anirban Pal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Complete Suppression ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Aqueous Methanol ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
First Time ◽  
Detailed Chemical

The roots, leaves and stems of Christia vespertilionis were separately and successively extracted with methanol and aqueous-methanol (1:4, v/v) and were evaluated in vitro for their antiplasmodial potential against Plasmodium falciparum NF-54. The aqueous-methanolic stem (AS) extract was the most active (IC50 7.5 μg/mL) followed by the methanolic leaf (ML) extract (IC50 32.0 μg/mL). The in vivo antimalarial activity of the combined plant extract of C. vespertilionis was also assessed in P. berghei infected mice, which showed 87.8% suppression of parasitaemia as compared with complete suppression by chloroquine on day 8. Finally, detailed chemical investigation of C. vespertilionis resulted in the isolation and characterization of fifteen compounds (1–15), of which two (1 and 4) are being reported for the first time from nature. The novel compound 1 possesses potent antiplasmodial activity (IC50 = 9.0 μg/mL).

In vitro and in vivo characterization of the novel GABAB receptor positive allosteric modulator, 2-{1-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl]-2-piperidinyl}ethanol (CMPPE)

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 957-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Perdona’ ◽  
Vivian J.A. Costantini ◽  
Michela Tessari ◽  
Prisca Martinelli ◽  
Corrado Carignani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gabab Receptor ◽  
Allosteric Modulator ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Positive Allosteric Modulator ◽  
In Vivo Characterization

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of the Novel Opioid Antagonists NAP and NAQ

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Braithwaite ◽  
Denise Giuvelis ◽  
John Streicher ◽  
Yunyun Yuan ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Opioid Antagonists ◽  
In Vivo Characterization

scholarly journals Characterization of the Nonconserved hpaB-hrpF Region in the hrp Pathogenicity Island from Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1063-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Büttner ◽  
Laurent Noël ◽  
Johannes Stuttmann ◽  
Ulla Bonas
Keyword(s):  
Type Iii Secretion ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Phytopathogenic Bacterium ◽  
Lytic Transglycosylase ◽  
Hrp Genes

The interaction of the gram-negative phytopathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria with its host plants pepper and tomato is mediated by a type III secretion (T3S) system that translocates bacterial effector proteins into the plant cell. The T3S system is encoded by the chromosomal hrp (hypersensitive response and pathogenicity) gene cluster. Here, we report on the analysis of the hpaB-hrpF region, which encodes the novel virulence factor HpaE, the effector protein XopF1, and two proteins with unknown functions, HpaD and HpaI. Promoter and transcript analyses revealed that the corresponding genes are coexpressed with the hrp genes and that hpaD, hpaI, and xopF1 form a novel operon. In vitro and in vivo assays showed that the efficient T3S and translocation of XopF1 depends on the global T3S chaperone HpaB and the putative lytic transglycosylase HpaH, which specifically contributes to the secretion of a certain set of effectors. Taken together, our data suggest that the efficient secretion of effector proteins in X. campestris pv. vesicatoria requires the contribution of several different Hpa proteins.

In vitro and in vivo pharmacological characterization of the novel NK1 receptor selective antagonist Netupitant

Peptides ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Rizzi ◽  
Barbara Campi ◽  
Valeria Camarda ◽  
Stefano Molinari ◽  
Sergio Cantoreggi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Nk1 Receptor ◽  
Pharmacological Characterization ◽  
Selective Antagonist

scholarly journals Structure-Guided Discovery of Novel Aminoglycoside Mimetics as Antibacterial Translation Inhibitors

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 4942-4949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuefen Zhou ◽  
Vlad E. Gregor ◽  
Zhongxiang Sun ◽  
Benjamin K. Ayida ◽  
Geoffrey C. Winters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Pathogen ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Guided Discovery ◽  
Initial Characterization ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Translation Inhibitor

ABSTRACT We report the structure-guided discovery, synthesis, and initial characterization of 3,5-diamino-piperidinyl triazines (DAPT), a novel translation inhibitor class that targets bacterial rRNA and exhibits broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. DAPT compounds were designed as structural mimetics of aminoglycoside antibiotics which bind to the bacterial ribosomal decoding site and thereby interfere with translational fidelity. We found that DAPT compounds bind to oligonucleotide models of decoding-site RNA, inhibit translation in vitro, and induce translation misincorporation in vivo, in agreement with a mechanism of action at the ribosomal decoding site. The novel DAPT antibacterials inhibit growth of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including the respiratory pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and display low toxicity to human cell lines. In a mouse protection model, an advanced DAPT compound demonstrated efficacy against an Escherichia coli infection at a 50% protective dose of 2.4 mg/kg of body weight by single-dose intravenous administration.

scholarly journals Pharmacological characterization of the novel nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor ligand, ZP120: in vitro and in vivo studies in mice

2002 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Rizzi ◽  
Daniela Rizzi ◽  
Giuliano Marzola ◽  
Domenico Regoli ◽  
Bjarne Due Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Orphanin Fq ◽  
Pharmacological Characterization ◽  
Receptor Ligand

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo pharmacological characterization of the novel UT receptor ligand [Pen5 ,D Trp7 ,Dab8 ]urotensin II(4-11) (UFP-803)

2006 ◽  
Vol 147 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Camarda ◽  
Martina Spagnol ◽  
Wei Song ◽  
Raffaella Vergura ◽  
Adelheid L Roth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Urotensin Ii ◽  
Pharmacological Characterization ◽  
Receptor Ligand
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