scholarly journals Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis in an Infant due toNaegleria fowleri

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinay Khanna ◽  
Ruchee Khanna ◽  
Shrikiran Hebbar ◽  
V. Shashidhar ◽  
Sunil Mundkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Fatal Case ◽  
Naegleria Fowleri ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis ◽  
Direct Microscopic Examination ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nægleria Fowleri ◽  
Amoebic Meningoencephalitis

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) caused by free-living amebaeNaegleria fowleriis a rare and fatal condition. A fatal case of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis was diagnosed in a 5-month-old infant who presented with the history of decrease breast feeding, fever, vomiting, and abnormal body movements. Trophozoites ofNaegleria fowleriwere detected in the direct microscopic examination of CSF and infant was put on amphotericin B and ceftazidime. Patient condition deteriorated, and he was discharged against medical advice and subsequently expired. We also reviewed previously reported 8 Indian cases of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) and observed that for the last 5 years, none of the patients responded to amphotericin B. Has an era of amphotericin B-resistantNaegleria fowleribeen emerged? Management strategy of PAM needs to be reviewed further.

scholarly journals Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis due to Naegleria fowleri

1970 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Angrup ◽  
L Chandel ◽  
A Sood ◽  
K Thakur ◽  
SC Jaryal
Keyword(s):  
Distilled Water ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Naegleria Fowleri ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis ◽  
First Case ◽  
Direct Microscopic Examination ◽  
Nægleria Fowleri ◽  
Amoebic Meningoencephalitis ◽  
Immunocompetent Elderly Patient

The genus Naegleria comprises of free living ameboflagellates found in soil and fresh water. More than 30 species have been isolated but only N. fowleri has been associated with human disease. N. fowleri causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), an acute, often fulminant infection of CNS. Here we report a rare and first case of PAM in an immunocompetent elderly patient from this part of the country. Amoeboid and flagellate forms of N. fowleri were detected in the direct microscopic examination of CSF and confirmed by flagellation test in distilled water, demonstrating plaques /clear areas on 1.5% non nutrient agar and its survival at 42°C. Keywords: Meningitis; Naegleria fowleri; primary amoebic meningoencephalitis DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joim.v32i2.4949 Journal of Institute of Medicine, August, 2010; 32: 56-59

scholarly journals Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis in an Iranian Infant

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Movahedi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Shokrollahi ◽  
Mohammad Aghaali ◽  
Hosein Heydari
Keyword(s):  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Male Infant ◽  
Naegleria Fowleri ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis ◽  
Csf Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nægleria Fowleri ◽  
Contrast Ct ◽  
Amoebic Meningoencephalitis

Introduction.Naegleria fowleri, a free living amoeba, can cause devastating and deadly diseases in humans. This is the first report of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis from Iran.Case report. A five-month-old male infant presented with the history of fever and eye gaze for three days, after beginning of bacterial meningitis, a plain and contrast CT revealed communicated hydrocephalus. In the repeat of CSF analysis on microscopic examination of wet preparation of CSF,Naegleria Fowleriwas seen. Then, Amphotericin B and Rifampin were started. On followup, two months later, the patient was totally asymptomatic.Conclusion. Though occurrence of PAM is rare, this unusual disease has grave prognosis, so infection with free living amoebas must be considered in differential diagnosis of pediatric patients of purulent meningitis without evidence of bacteria on Gram’s stain and imaging findings, nonspecific brain edema on CT or hydrocephalus even without history of contact.

Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis Preventive Nose Plugs: Prophylaxis Against Naegleria fowleri

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Mannan Baig
Keyword(s):  
Naegleria Fowleri ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis ◽  
Free Living Amoeba ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nægleria Fowleri ◽  
Water Sports ◽  
Amoebic Meningoencephalitis

Naegleria fowleri is a free-living amoeba; it is a protist pathogen that is known to cause a fatal encephalitis in humans known as “primary amoebic meningoencephalitis” (PAM). The peak season for the cases admitted to the hospital is in the summers, and all the reported cases have a history of exposure to the warm waters. Mostly, PAM is reported in recent swimmers and people who perform ablution and/or nasal cleansing. Much has been done for vaccination and treatment without any success in past 60 years, but the mortality has remained 99%. Here, we propose a prophylaxis for this disease by introducing a device “Naegleriopel.” This device is noninvasive and requires insertion into the nostrils at times of swimming or water sports related activities. This device, made up of synthetic plastic or silicone, could be adapted to the contours of the interior of the nose. It is expected to reduce the sporadic and seasonal incidences of PAM.

scholarly journals A Fatal Case of Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM) Complicated with Diabetes Insipidus (DI): A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zain Mushtaq ◽  
Saad Bin Zafar Mahmood ◽  
Adil Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Insipidus ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Fatal Case ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽  
Naegleria Fowleri ◽  
Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis ◽  
Nægleria Fowleri ◽  
Amoebic Meningoencephalitis

Naegleria fowleri is a highly infective free-living amoeba usually isolated from soil and fresh water and is primarily found to infect the central nervous system (CNS) resulting in primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). PAM as a cause of meningitis is often overlooked for other, more common causes of meningitis. Despite all the advances in antimicrobial therapy and supportive care systems, the mortality rate of this rare infection remains above 95% with the bulk of the cases being found in developed countries. We are presenting a case of a 44-year-old male with fever, worsening headache, and generalized weakness. Lumbar puncture showed a raised leucocyte count of 1100/µL with predominant polymorphonuclear cells, and wet mount prep for Naegleria fowleri was positive further confirmed with PCR. The patient was started Intravenous (IV) and intrathecal amphotericin-B, Per Oral (PO) miltefosine, IV rifampin, IV fluconazole, and IV dexamethasone. However, the patient started producing urine at 300–500 ml/hour. The patient’s sodium levels increased from 144 to 175 mmol/L in 12 hours with raised serum osmolality and decreased urine osmolality and urine sodium. The patient was started on PO desmopressin of 0.2 micrograms twice daily after which his urine output dropped to 60–80 ml/hour and sodium decreased from 175 to 162 and, later 155 mmol/L; however, the patient expired. PAM is a rare and extremely fatal illness, but with increasing incidence now being reported in developing countries as a result of better diagnostics. DI is a very rare complication reported in these patients leading to poor outcome. The complication of diabetes insipidus (DI) has not been extensively studied in patients having PAM. Only three cases have been reported with this complication. No mechanism has been mentioned in the literature behind the development of DI in these patients, and no study has mentioned laboratory details of DI as mentioned in this report.

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis with Naegleria fowleri: Clinical review

1996 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy D.P. Barnett ◽  
Allen M. Kaplan ◽  
Robert J. Hopkin ◽  
Michael A. Saubolle ◽  
Mark F. Rudinsky
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Review ◽  
Naegleria Fowleri ◽  
Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis ◽  
Nægleria Fowleri ◽  
Amoebic Meningoencephalitis
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