scholarly journals Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood Biomarkers of Neuroaxonal Damage in Multiple Sclerosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Dujmovic
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Blood Biomarkers ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers ◽  
Existing Data

Following emerging evidence that neurodegenerative processes in multiple sclerosis (MS) are present from its early stages, an intensive scientific interest has been directed to biomarkers of neuro-axonal damage in body fluids of MS patients. Recent research has introduced new candidate biomarkers but also elucidated pathogenetic and clinical relevance of the well-known ones. This paper reviews the existing data on blood and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of neuroaxonal damage in MS and highlights their relation to clinical parameters, as well as their potential predictive value to estimate future disease course, disability, and treatment response. Strategies for future research in this field are suggested.

Multiple sclerosis risk genotypes correlate with an elevated cerebrospinal fluid level of the suggested prognostic marker CXCL13

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 863-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Lindén ◽  
M Khademi ◽  
I Lima Bomfim ◽  
F Piehl ◽  
M Jagodic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Tnfaip3 Gene ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Level

Background: The mechanisms of multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis are still largely unknown. The heterogeneity of disease manifestations make the prediction of prognosis and choice of appropriate treatment protocols challenging. Recently, increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of the B-cell chemokine CXCL13 was proposed as a possible marker for a more severe disease course and conversion from clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) to relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS). Objective: To investigate whether there are genetic susceptibility variants in MS that correlate with the levels of CXCL13 present in the CSF of MS patients. Methods: We genotyped the human leukocyte antigens HLA-DRB1 and HLA-A, plus a panel of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that have been associated with susceptibility to MS and then correlated the genotypes with the levels of CXCL13, as measured with ELISA in the CSF of a total of 663 patients with MS, CIS, other neurological diseases (OND) or OND with an inflammatory component (iOND). Results: Presence of the HLA-DRB1*15 and the MS risk genotypes for SNPs in the RGS1, IRF5 and OLIG3/TNFAIP3 gene regions correlated significantly with increased levels of CXCL13. Conclusion: Our results pointed towards a genetic predisposition for increased CXCL13 levels, which in MS patients correlates with the severity of the disease course. These findings encourage further investigation and replication, in an independent patient cohort.

Immunoglobulins Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. S6-S8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anat Achiron ◽  
Shmuel Miron
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

Intravenously administered immunoglobulins (IgG) treatment has several modes of action that can regulate the immune response during different steps of the inflammatory process in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The immunomodulatory effects IgG are largely dependent on their ability to interact with membrane molecules of lymphocytes and monocytes. Better understanding of these mechanisms of action in relation to the pathogenesis of MS, is important in order to decide the time of initiation and the duration of treatment in MS patients. In order to have the best beneficial effect on disease course, future research should focus on the initial events that activate the disease and on the early treatment modalities of IgG in MS.

Multiplex assessment of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in multiple sclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 102391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mie Reith Mahler ◽  
Helle Bach Søndergaard ◽  
Sophie Buhelt ◽  
Marina Rode von Essen ◽  
Jeppe Romme Christensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers

Assessing Depression in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeeshan Butt ◽  
Heath A. Demaree
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Treatment Adherence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
The Impact

Multiple sclerosis is frequently accompanied by symptoms of depression. Previous research has highlighted the impact of depression on MS disease course and treatment adherence. However, the assessment of depression in the context of MS is complicated by shared symptoms, such as fatigue and concentration difficulties. The goal of this paper is to describe the impact of depression in persons with MS and to review methods commonly used to assess depression in this population. Clinical implications of this review as well as recommendations for future research on the assessment of depression in MS will be discussed.

scholarly journals Comparison of the clinical impact of 2-[18F]FDG-PET and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in patients suspected of Alzheimer’s disease

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248413
Author(s):  
Le Gjerum ◽  
Birgitte Bo Andersen ◽  
Marie Bruun ◽  
Anja Hviid Simonsen ◽  
Otto Mølby Henriksen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Patient Management ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
Diagnostic Evaluation ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers

Background The two biomarkers 2-[18F]FDG-PET and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers are both recommended to support the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. However, there is a lack of knowledge for the comparison of the two biomarkers in a routine clinical setting. Objective The aim was to compare the clinical impact of 2-[18F]FDG-PET and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers on diagnosis, prognosis, and patient management in patients suspected of Alzheimer’s disease. Methods Eighty-one patients clinically suspected of Alzheimer’s disease were retrospectively included from the Copenhagen Memory Clinic. As part of the clinical work-up all patients had a standard diagnostic program examination including MRI and ancillary investigations with 2-[18F]FDG-PET and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. An incremental study design was used to evaluate the clinical impact of the biomarkers. First, the diagnostic evaluation was based on the standard diagnostic program, then the diagnostic evaluation was revised after addition of either cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers or 2-[18F]FDG-PET. At each diagnostic evaluation, two blinded dementia specialists made a consensus decision on diagnosis, prediction of disease course, and change in patient management. Confidence in the decision was measured on a visual analogue scale (0–100). After 6 months, the diagnostic evaluation was performed with addition of the other biomarker. A clinical follow-up after 12 months was used as reference for diagnosis and disease course. Results The two biomarkers had a similar clinical value across all diagnosis when added individually to the standard diagnostic program. However, for the correctly diagnosed patient with Alzheimer’s disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers had a significantly higher impact on diagnostic confidence (mean scores±SD: 88±11 vs. 82±11, p = 0.046) and a significant reduction in the need for ancillary investigations (23 vs. 18 patients, p = 0.049) compared to 2-[18F]FDG-PET. Conclusion The two biomarkers had similar clinical impact on diagnosis, but cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers had a more significant value in corroborating the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease compared to 2-[18F]FDG-PET.

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