scholarly journals Perioperative Nutrition in Abdominal Surgery: Recommendations and Reality

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannick Cerantola ◽  
Fabian Grass ◽  
Alessandra Cristaudi ◽  
Nicolas Demartines ◽  
Markus Schäfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Nutritional Support ◽  
Postoperative Outcome ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Nutritional Risk ◽  
Major Surgery ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Nutritional Screening ◽  
Perioperative Nutrition

Introduction. Preoperative malnutrition is a major risk factor for increased postoperative morbidity and mortality. Definition and diagnosis of malnutrition and its treatment is still subject for controversy. Furthermore, practical implementation of nutrition-related guidelines is unknown.Methods. A review of the available literature and of current guidelines on perioperative nutrition was conducted. We focused on nutritional screening and perioperative nutrition in patients undergoing digestive surgery, and we assessed translation of recent guidelines in clinical practice.Results and Conclusions. Malnutrition is a well-recognized risk factor for poor postoperative outcome. The prevalence of malnutrition depends largely on its definition; about 40% of patients undergoing major surgery fulfil current diagnostic criteria of being at nutritional risk. TheNutritional Risk Scoreis a pragmatic and validated tool to identify patients who should benefit from nutritional support. Adequate nutritional intervention entails reduced (infectious) complications, hospital stay, and costs. Preoperative oral supplementation of a minimum of five days is preferable; depending on the patient and the type of surgery, immune-enhancing formulas are recommended. However, surgeons' compliance with evidence-based guidelines remains poor and efforts are necessary to implement routine nutritional screening and nutritional support.

scholarly journals Nutritional Support in Head and Neck Radiotherapy Patients Considering HPV Status

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Adam Brewczyński ◽  
Beata Jabłońska ◽  
Sławomir Mrowiec ◽  
Krzysztof Składowski ◽  
Tomasz Rutkowski
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Nutritional Support ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Nutritional Risk ◽  
Percutaneous Gastrostomy ◽  
Critical Weight ◽  
Oncological Treatment ◽  
Feeding Tubes ◽  
Hpv Status ◽  
Percutaneous Gastrostomy Tube

Malnutrition is a common problem in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC), including oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). It is caused by insufficient food intake due to dysphagia, odynophagia, and a lack of appetite caused by the tumor. It is also secondary to the oncological treatment of the basic disease, such as radiotherapy (RT) and chemoradiotherapy (CRT), as a consequence of mucositis with the dry mouth, loss of taste, and dysphagia. The severe dysphagia leads to a definitive total impossibility of eating through the mouth in 20–30% of patients. These patients usually require enteral nutritional support. Feeding tubes are a commonly used nutritional intervention during radiotherapy, most frequently percutaneous gastrostomy tube. Recently, a novel HPV-related type of OPC has been described. Patients with HPV-associated OPC are different from the HPV− ones. Typical HPV− OPC is associated with smoking and alcohol abuse. Patients with HPV+ OPC are younger and healthy (without comorbidities) at diagnosis compared to HPV− ones. Patients with OPC are at high nutritional risk, and therefore, they require nutritional support in order to improve the treatment results and quality of life. Some authors noted the high incidence of critical weight loss (CWL) in patients with HPV-related OPC. Other authors have observed the increased acute toxicities during oncological treatment in HPV+ OPC patients compared to HPV− ones. The aim of this paper is to review and discuss the indications for nutritional support and the kinds of nutrition, including immunonutrition (IN), in HNC, particularly OPC patients, undergoing RT/CRT, considering HPV status.

Preoperative Nutritional Risk Assessment in Predicting Postoperative Outcome in Patients Undergoing Major Surgery

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet A. Kuzu ◽  
Helin Terzioğlu ◽  
Volkan Genç ◽  
A. Bülent Erkek ◽  
Murat Özban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Postoperative Outcome ◽  
Nutritional Risk ◽  
Major Surgery

scholarly journals Impact of Artificial Nutrition on Postoperative Complications

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 559
Author(s):  
Sergio Sandrucci ◽  
Paolo Cotogni ◽  
Beatrice De Zolt Ponte
Keyword(s):  
Enteral Nutrition ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Postoperative Outcome ◽  
Major Surgery ◽  
Artificial Nutrition ◽  
Postoperative Infections ◽  
Oral Nutrition ◽  
Preoperative Nutrition ◽  
Perioperative Nutrition ◽  
Care Of Elderly

Malnutrition is common in surgical cancer patients and it is widely accepted that it can adversely affect their postoperative outcome. Assessing the nutritional status of every patient, in particular care of elderly and cancer patients, is a crucial feature of the therapeutic pathway in order to optimize every strategy. Evidence exists that the advantages of perioperative nutrition are more significant in malnourished patients submitted to major surgery. For patients recognized as malnourished, preoperative nutrition therapies are indicated; the choice between parenteral and enteral nutrition is still controversial in perioperative malnourished surgical cancer patients, although enteral nutrition seems to have the best risk–benefit ratio. Early oral nutrition after surgery is advisable, when feasible, and should be administered in all the patients undergoing elective major surgery, if compliant. In patients with high risk for postoperative infections, perioperative immunonutrition has been proved in some ways to be effective, even if operations including those for cancer have to be delayed.

scholarly journals Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS 2002) as a tool to predict clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients: a literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Rocha de Pinho ◽  
Simone Mayane Mendes dos Santos ◽  
Renara Leite Rodrigues Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Hospital Readmission ◽  
Nutritional Support ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Nutritional Risk ◽  
Nutritional Screening ◽  
Risk Screening ◽  
Nrs 2002 ◽  
Nutritional Risk Screening

The presence of malnutrition in hospitalized patients is prevalent and studies show its association with a higher incidence of complications, mortality, length of stay, costs, and increased frequency of hospital readmission. Routine use of simple tracking procedures is recommended. Nutritional screening detects individuals who are malnourished or at risk of developing malnutrition, and who can receive specific nutritional support. Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS 2002) is a nutritional screening method recommended by the European Society for Clinical and Metabolism (ESPEN) and identifies the risk of developing malnutrition in hospitalized patients. The aim of this paper is to review the literature on the NRS screening method (2002) and its relationship with clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients.

scholarly journals Peritoneal dialysis - associated peritonitis during treatment with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
M. Malasaiev ◽  
I. Dudar ◽  
A. Shymova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
First Year ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Main Risk Factor ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Hemodialysis Treatment ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Peritoneal Function

 Infections associated with peritoneal dialysis (infection of the catheter, tunnel infection and peritonitis) are the most common complications of this method. Despite significant progress in the methodological approaches to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of PD associated infections, peritonitis remains the main risk factor for mortality in PD patients (up to 6%) and plays a significant role in more than 1/6 of the deaths associated with non-infectious complications such as cardiovascular and / or cerebrovascular disease. Besides, PD-associated infections are the most common cause of loss of peritoneal function and the patients’ transition to hemodialysis treatment. About 5% of PD patients are converted to hemodialysis treatment in the first year after postponed peritonitis.

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