scholarly journals Effect of Aqueous Extract ofMassularia acuminataStem on Sexual Behaviour of Male Wistar Rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Yakubu ◽  
M. A. Akanji
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Receptive Female ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Massularia Acuminata

Ancient literature alluded to the use of a number of plants/preparations as sex enhancer. One of such botanicals isMassularia acuminatain which the stem has been acclaimed to be used as an aphrodisiac. Documented experiments or clinical data are, however, lacking. Therefore, this study was undertaken to evaluate the acclaimed aphrodisiac activity ofM. acuminatastem. Sixty male rats were completely randomized into 4 groups (A–D) of 15 each. Rats in group A (control) were administered with 1 mL of distilled water (the vehicle) while those in groups B, C, and D were given same volume containing 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight of the extract, respectively. Sexual behaviour parameters were monitored in the male rats for day 1 (after a single dose), day 3 (after three doses, once daily), and day 5 (after five doses, once daily) by pairing with a receptive female (1 : 1). The male serum testosterone concentration was also determined. Cage side observation on the animals revealed proceptive behaviour (ear wiggling, darting, hopping, and lordosis) by the receptive female rats and precopulatory behaviour (chasing, anogenital sniffing and mounting) by the extract-treated male rats. The extract at 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight significantly (P<.05) increased the frequencies of mount and intromission. In addition, the ejaculation latency was significantly prolonged (P<.05). The latencies of mount and intromission were reduced significantly whereas ejaculation frequency increased. The extract also reduced the postejaculatory interval of the animals. Computed percentages of index of libido, mounted, intromitted, ejaculated and copulatory efficiency were higher in the extract treated animals compared to the distilled water-administered control whereas the intercopulatory interval decreased significantly. The extract also significantly (P<.05) increased the serum testosterone content of the animals except in those administered with 250 mg/kg body weight on days 1 and 3. Data from this study identified that the aqueous extract ofMassularia acuminatastem enhanced sexual behaviour in male rats. The improved sexual appetitive behaviour in male rats at the doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight ofMassularia acuminatastem may be attributed, at least in part, to the alkaloids, saponins, and /or flavonoids since these phytochemicals has engorgement, androgen enhancing, and antioxidant properties.

Acute and sub-chronic toxicity of the aqueous extract of Ficus vogelii (Miq.) Miq. stem bark in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
EL Lappa ◽  
◽  
C Bogning Zangueu ◽  
EL Nguemfo ◽  
JJ Kojom Wanche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats

Ficus vogelii is a medicinal plant mainly found in tropical Africa and reported to treat inflammatory complaints. This study aims to evaluate the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of the aqueous extract of Ficus vogelii stem bark in wistar rats. For acute study, aqueous extract at a single dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight was administered to female rats and observed for 14 days. In the sub-chronic study, the extract was administered daily to both sex rats at the doses of 100, 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg body weight for 28 consecutive days. Body weight was measured weekly, while hematological, biochemical, and histopathological parameters were analyzed after euthanize. Aqueous extract of Ficus vogelii at all tested doses didn’t produced any mortality or significant change on the body weight and relative weight of rats on acute and sub-chronic studies. The lethal dose 50 was estimated greater than 5000 mg/kg (DL50˃5000 mg/kg). Hematological parameters were recorded non-significant in all treated rats. Aqueous extract at 600 mg/kg significantly changed transaminases and alkaline phosphatase activities, these changes were reversible in satellites. The concentrations of bilirubin was increased at 200 and 600 mg/kg in male rats, at 100, 400 mg/kg in female rats. The levels of lipids markers didn’t changed, except the significant decrease of LDL-cholesterol. Histological examination didn’t showed any change in the architecture of the liver and kidney of rats treated compared to control. Thus aqueous extract of Ficus vogelii stem bark didn’t produced adverse effects in rats after oral acute and sub-chronic treatment.

Berberis vulgaris L. effects on oxidative stress and liver injury in lead-intoxicated mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jawhar Laamech ◽  
Jaouad El-Hilaly ◽  
Hamadi Fetoui ◽  
Yassine Chtourou ◽  
Hanane Gouitaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Protein Carbonyls ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Mice Liver

AbstractBackgroundL. (BV), commonly known as “MethodsSixty IOPS mice were divided into six groups and were treated as follows: group 1 (normal control) received double distilled water; group 2 (toxic control) received lead acetate (5 mg/kg body weight/day) in double distilled water for 40 days; groups 3–6 received BV aqueous extract at doses of 25, 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight , respectively, once daily for 30 days from 11 day after beginning of lead acetate exposure to the end of the experiment.ResultsToxic control group showed a significant alteration of serum alanine-aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate-aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), total bilirubin (TB), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reduced glutathione (GSH). Histological assessment of lead-intoxicated mice liver revealed alterations in hepatocytes and focal necrosis. BV treatment significantly prevented lead accumulation, increased ALT, AST, TC, and TB, inhibited lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyls(PCO) formation. Additionally, BV extract normalized the antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD and GPx), GSH and architecture of liver tissues.ConclusionsBV aqueous extract exerts significant hepatoprotective effects against lead-induced oxidative stress and liver dysfunction. The BV effect may be mediated through the enhancement of antioxidant status, lead-chelating abilities and free radicals quenching.

Effects of corticotropin-releasing factor on energy balance in rats are sex dependent

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (6) ◽  
pp. R1417-R1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rivest ◽  
Y. Deshaies ◽  
D. Richard
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Factor ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Significant Difference

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a chronic intracerebroventricular administration of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) on energy balance of male and female rats. One week after their delivery to the laboratory, both male and female rats were divided into two groups. One group in each sex was treated with human/rat CRF, while another group was infused with the vehicle. Chronic administration of CRF was accomplished by means of miniosmotic pumps connected to a cannula that was stereotaxically directed into the third ventricle. Food intake and body weight were measured each day during the study. After 14 days of treatment, the rats were killed by decapitation. Energy, fat, and protein contents of the carcasses were quantified. Serum testosterone and estradiol were assayed in males and females, respectively. Administration of CRF significantly reduced body weight gain and food intake in male rats. No significant difference in those variables was observed between female rats treated with CRF and their controls infused with saline. Similarly, metabolizable energy intake and body energy gain were reduced in male rats infused with CRF, whereas no difference was observed between female animals treated with CRF and those infused with saline. In male rats, body fat and body protein contents were lower in CRF-treated than in saline-infused rats. In female rats, CRF did not affect body composition. Serum testosterone in male rats and serum estradiol in female animals were reduced after chronic infusion of CRF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Evaluation of Acute and Sub-acute Toxicity of the Aqueous Extract from the Fruit of Solanum indicum Linn. (Solanaceae) in Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Nadine Joissy Epoh ◽  
Olivette Laure Matafack Dongmo ◽  
Herve Tchoumbou Tadjoua ◽  
Félicité Mbiapo Tchouanguep ◽  
Phelix Bruno Telefo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Serum Urea ◽  
Solanum Indicum

Aim: The fruit of Solanum indicum Linn have been reported traditionally to have anti-hypertensive and diuretic properties. This study was undertaken to evaluate the toxicological potential of S. indicum fruits aqueous extract through the acute and sub-acute toxicity tests in rats. Methodology: For acute toxicity evaluation, a single oral dose of 5000 mg/kg of the plant extract was administrated in 60 days old female albino Wistar rats. Then, the animals were observed for 14 days. Sub-acute toxicity studies were conducted with 50 adult rats of both gender that orally received during 28 days, increasing doses of the plant extract. Their body weight and food intake were weekly collected. At the end of the experiment, biochemical and hematological parameters as well as histological analysis of organs (liver, kidneys and spleen) were undertaken. Results: Single oral administration of 5000 mg/kg dose of the fruit plant aqueous extract produced no mortality or signs of toxicity. During sub-acute test, no variations in body weight and food intake of both animals gender were observed. An important decrease in male’s rat liver weight were obtained at the dose 25 mg/kg; serum urea, total cholesterol, TAG, ALP and AST levels were significantly lowered in male especially at the dose 50 mg/kg, but this decrease was noticed only in serum urea, ALP and ALT in female rats. Furthermore, a significant decrease in platelets number, serum PCT, MPV and PDW levels were recorded in all treated male rats except those receiving the highest extract dose. No structural changes in treated animal organs section histology were observed when compared to controls. Conclusion: The fruits aqueous extracts of S. indicum is safe when administered acutely and for 28 days in rats. However, alterations on their hematological and biochemical parameters were not closely related with the dose, implying caution on its use.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the fertility activity of the aqueous leaves extract of Zanthoxylum macrophylla (Rutaceae) on male rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 277-281
Author(s):  
Ngandjui Alphonse ◽  
◽  
Ngaha Njila Marie ◽  
Kenmogne Hubert ◽  
Koloko Brice Landry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Serum Testosterone Level ◽  
Structural Abnormalities ◽  
Reproductive Activities ◽  
Daily Sperm Production

Zanthoxylum macrophylla, one of the useful medicinal plants in Cameroon, was scientifically conducted to find its aqueous extract leaves effect in some fertility parameters of male rats. 24 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: Control, A, B and C group of six animals each. They received respectively 0, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of Z. macrophylla leaves on daily basis for 14 days. There were no significant changes on the body weight of treated animals. However, the weight of testis and the Daily Sperm Production respectively increased at dose of 200 mg/kg (P< 0.05 and P< 0.001) and 400 mg/kg (P< 0.01 and P< 0.001) while the weight of seminal vesicle and prostate also increased respectively at dose of 200 mg/kg (P< 0.05) and 400 mg/kg (P< 0.01) when compared to the control. The serum testosterone level significantly increased at the dose of 200 mg/kg (P< 0.01) and 400 mg/kg (P< 0.001) while the total cholesterol decreased at dose of 400 mg/kg (P< 0.05) when compared to the control. The serum protein decreased respectively at dose of 200 mg/kg (P< 0.01) and 400 mg/kg (P< 0.01) when compared to the control. The histological sections of the testis did not show any structural abnormalities in all treated animals. These results indicate that Zanthoxylum macrophylla could improve male reproductive activities.

scholarly journals Biochemical and Toxicological Evaluations of Aqueous Extract of Parquetina nigrescens (Afzel.) leaves on Mifepristone-induced Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2-s) ◽  
pp. 94-101
Author(s):  
Fehintoluwa Joy Femi-olabisi ◽  
Opeyemi Faokunla ◽  
Anthonia Oluyemi Agboola ◽  
Imoleayo Moses Olorunyolemi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome

The biochemical and toxicological effects of aqueous extract of Parquetina nigrescens leaves (AEPNL) at the doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight on mifepristone-induced in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) was investigated in female Wistar rats. Sixty female Wistar rats (190.00 ± 13.00 g) were assigned into 6 groups (A - F) of ten each: animals in group A received 0.5 ml of distilled water orally on daily basis for 30 days while the mifepristonized rats in groups B, C, D and E also received orally 0.5 ml of distilled water, 7.14mg/kg of metformin (reference drug) and same volume of the extract corresponding to 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight of AEPNL respectively after which levels of some biochemical and toxicological indices were determined. AEPNL aggravated mifepristone-treatment related increases in albumin, total protein and liver aspartate aminotransferase activity and mitigated the increases in globulin, total bilirubin, urea, creatinine, liver and serum alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase activities, and no treatment-related histoarchitectural changes occurred in the liver, kidney and uterus of the female rats. Therefore, the aqueous extract of Parquetina nigrescens leaves attenuated and also aggravated some biochemical parameters in the serum, liver and kidney but with no histological changes in the liver, kidney and uterus of the mifepristonized female Wistar rats. Keywords: Mifepristone, toxicology, Parquetina nigrescens, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, histology

Dexrazoxane does not protect against doxorubicin-induced damage in young rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (2) ◽  
pp. H499-H506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Héon ◽  
Martin Bernier ◽  
Nicolas Servant ◽  
Stevan Dostanic ◽  
Chunlei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Heme Oxygenase ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Cardiac Damage

Doxorubicin (DOX), an anticancer drug, causes a dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. Some evidence suggests that female children have an increased risk for DOX-mediated cardiac damage. To determine whether the iron chelator dexrazoxane (DXR) could reduce DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in the young, we injected day 10 neonate female and male rat pups with a single dose of saline or DOX, DXR, or DXR + DOX (20:1). We followed body weight gain with growth, measured cardiac hypertrophy after a 2-wk swim exercise program, markers of apoptosis (Bcl-2, BAX, BNIP1, caspase 3 activation), oxidative stress (heme oxygenase 1, protein carbonyl levels), the chaperone protein clusterin, and the transcriptional activator early growth response gene-1 (Egr-1) in hearts of nonexercised and exercised rats on neonate day 38. All DOX-alone and DXR + DOX-treated rats showed decreased weight gain, with female rats affected earlier than male rats. DXR-alone, DOX-alone, and DXR + DOX-treated rats had an increased heart weight-to-body weight (heart wt/body wt) ratio after the exercise program with female rats showing the largest increase in heart wt/body wt. Drug-treated females also showed increased cardiac apoptosis, as measured by the increased expression of the proapoptotic proteins BAX and BNIP1 and the appearance of caspase 3 activation products, and oxidative stress, as measured by increased heme oxygenase 1 expression, and reduced Egr-1 and clusterin expression when compared with the similarly treated male rats. We conclude that DXR preinjection did not reduce DOX-induced noncardiac and cardiac damage and that young female rats were more susceptible to DXR and DOX toxicities than age-matched male rats.

Toxicological evaluation of hydroethanol leaf extract of Pupalia lappacea (Linn.) Juss. (Amaranthaceae) in rodents

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Murtala Akanji Abdullahi ◽  
Elijah Oladapo Oyinloye ◽  
Akinyinka Alabi ◽  
Aderonke Adeyinka Aderinola ◽  
Luqman Opeyemi Ogunjimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Serum Testosterone Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Abstract Objectives Several studies have established the ethnobotanical benefits of Pupalia lappacea (PL) in laboratory animals without extensive toxicological evaluation of its safety profiles. Thus, an extensive toxicological investigation of sub-chronic oral administration of the hydroethanol leaf extract of P. lappacea in rodents was carried out in this study. Methods Different groups of rats were treated orally with the extract (10, 50 and 250 mg/kg) daily for 90 consecutive days. The control group received distilled water (10 mL/kg). After 90 days, some rats were left for additional 30 days without treatment for reversibility study. Blood and organs samples were collected for different evaluations at the end of study periods. Results The extract decreased the bodyweights, feeding and water intakes in female rats. PL increased the weights of the liver and kidney in male rats. PL increased the red blood cell (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb), triglycerides (TRIG), cholesterol and high density lipoprotein (HDL) contents in rats. PL (250 mg/kg) significantly reduced the sperm motility and serum testosterone level. Cyto-architectural distortions of the testes, liver and spleen were visible. Conclusions The findings showed that P. lappacea is relatively safe at lower doses but cautions should be taken at higher dose.

scholarly journals Subchronic toxicity of aqueous extract of Alstonia boonei de wild. (apocynaceae) stem bark in normal rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barnabé Lucien Nkono Ya Nkono ◽  
Selestin Dongmo Sokeng ◽  
Paul Désiré Dzeufiet Djomeni ◽  
Frida Longo ◽  
Pierre Kamtchouing
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Biochemical Study ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Male ◽  
Control Female ◽  
Hematological Analysis ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
Dose Dependent

<p><strong>Methodology:</strong> Wistar rats were randomly assigned into eight groups of five animals each: four male groups and four female groups. Each sex group had a control group receiving distilled water and three test groups receiving 200, 500 and 1000mg/kg respectively. Animal’s body weights were recorded on the first day and once a week for the four experiment weeks. The hematological analysis included total WBC count, total RBC count, Hb, %HCT, MCV, MCH and MCHC. Biochemical/serum profile studies include TG, TC, ALT, AST, urea and TP. Tissue specimens of the liver, kidney and lung were subjected to histological examination using standard hematoxylin-eosin staining.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> In male rats, aqueous extract showed significant decreases in relative weight of liver with extreme significance P&lt;0.001 at a dose of 200mg/kg (vs. control group), P&lt;0.001 of lung at all the doses, P&lt;0.05 (200 and 500mg/kg) and P&lt;0.01 (1000mg/kg) in heart weight. In relative kidney weight, only the dose of 1000mg/kg showed a significant increase vs. normal control male rats. Unlike male rats, only relative kidney weight in female rats was significantly different from the control group in a dose-dependent manner. The aqueous extract treated male groups showed significant increases P&lt;0.001 (1000mg/kg) of total WBC count and MCHC, significant decreases of %HTC (dose response manner), P&lt;0.05 total RBC count (at doses of 500 and 1000mg/kg) and Hb P&lt;0.01 (500mg/kg) vs. normal male rats. In female rats, the haematological study showed significant increase P&lt;0.01 of total WBC count (at the doses of 500 and 1000mg/kg), significant decreases P&lt;0.05 and P&lt;0.01 of total RBC respectively at the doses of 200 and 1000mg/kg, significant decrease of Hb with extreme significance P&lt;0.001 at the dose 1000mg/kg, %HTC also decrease dose response manner vs. control female rats. Biochemical study showed in male rats significant decreases in level of TG P&lt;0.001 (at the doses of 200 and 500mg/kg) and urea, although it showed any dose-dependent effect vs. control male rats. AST also decreases (P&lt;0.05) in male rats at the dose of 200mg/kg but significantly increase P&lt;0.001 at the dose of 500mg/kg. In the female rats, biochemical study revealed significant increases in level of TG P&lt;0.001 and urea P&lt;0.01 at the dose of 200mg/kg and significant decreases in level of TG P&lt;0.01, AST P&lt;0.05 and urea P&lt;0.05 at the dose of 500mg/kg (vs. control female rats). Microscopically, there were mild hepatic and renal tissue injuries supporting the hematological analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The results indicated that aqueous extract of <em>Alstonia boonei</em> De Wild is toxic in high doses.</p>

scholarly journals Effect of Aging on the Cornea of Male Albino Rat and Possible Therapeutic Role of Royal Jelly

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H R Elareny ◽  
A I Ahmed ◽  
A F Alneklawy ◽  
M K Tawfik
Keyword(s):  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Therapeutic Role ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract Introduction Nowadays interest in aging has greatly increased, Aging is a complex natural process involving every molecule, cell, and organ in the body that is associated with tissue dysfunction in many organs. Aging of the cornea causes major eye effects and leads to substantial cost in medical and social terms. These effects include the highly prevalent dry eye disease (DED) that affects both visual function and quality of life in elderly. Symptoms of (DED) include, ocular pain, visual disturbances, and increase lacrimation. Functional foods such as Royal jelly (RJ) have a growing attention because of consumers increasing concerns about their health. Its importance not only for its nutritional properties but also for its functional and biological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-ulcerous activities. It is used as a cheap natural source in daily life and medicine. (RJ) is a complex substance composed of proteins, sugars, lipids, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. Aim The present study aimed to investigate the histological effect of aging on the cornea of male albino rat and possible therapeutic role of (RJ) on senile group. Materials and Methods Twenty-four male albino rats were used in this study divided into Group I: consisted of 6 adult male rats aged 3- 6 months. Group II: consisted of 18 senile male rats aged 18-24 months, were further subdivided into three subgroups as follows: Group II A: (n = 6) negative control senile rats, not subjected to any procedure for 4 weeks. Group II B: (n = 6) control senile rats and were given distilled water by oral gavage once daily for 4 weeks. Group II C: (n = 6) senile rats were given (RJ) by oral gavage dissolved in distilled water once daily for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, rats were sacrificed after being deeply anesthetized with ether according to the protocol of the Committee of Animal Research Ethics (CARE). The cornea of each animal was carefully dissected out after death and immediately fixed in 10% formalin for preparation of paraffin blocks 5 micrometer thickness. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (I-I&E), Masson's trichrome and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). Statistical analysis and quantitative morphometric study were done. Results Light microscopic examination of corneas of senile rats revealed different pathological changes included irregularity in the surface epithelium as well as surface erosions and cytoplasmic vacuolations. The stroma showed widely separated collagen fibers with decreased keratocyte density. It was concluded that (RJ) supplementation to senile rats obviously unproved all layers of the cornea histologically.

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