scholarly journals Climatic and Altitudinal Influences on Variation in Macaca Limb Morphology

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen J. Weinstein
Keyword(s):  
Partial Correlation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Interspecific Variations ◽  
Large Joint ◽  
Small Joint ◽  
High Elevations ◽  
Limb Morphology

This study compares limb lengths and joint diameters in the skeletons of six macaque species (Macaca assamensis, M. fascicularis, M. fuscata, M. mulatta, M. nemestrina, and M. thibetana) from a broad range of habitats and climates in order to test whether ambient temperatures, latitude, and altitude influence interspecific variation in limb morphology in this widely dispersed genus. Analysis of variance, principal component analysis, and partial correlation analysis reveal that species from temperate latitudes and high elevations tend to have short limbs and large joint diameters for their sizes while species from tropical latitudes and low elevations tend to have long limbs and small joint diameters. Interspecific variations in intra- and interlimb length proportions also reflect phylogeny and subtle differences in locomotion. The results of this study suggest that climatic conditions are important factors among many ecological variables that influence limb morphology in this geographically widespread genus.

scholarly journals Radial Growth Response of European Larch Provenances to Interannual Climate Variation in Poland

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 334
Author(s):  
Norbert Szymański ◽  
Sławomir Wilczyński
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
European Larch ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Provenance Trials ◽  
High Precipitation ◽  
Climatic Elements

The present study identified the similarities and differences in the radial growth responses of 20 provenances of 51-year-old European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) trees from Poland to the climatic conditions at three provenance trials situated in the Polish lowlands (Siemianice), uplands (Bliżyn) and mountains (Krynica). A chronology of radial growth indices was developed for each of 60 European larch populations, which highlighted the interannual variations in the climate-mediated radial growth of their trees. With the aid of principal component, correlation and multiple regression analysis, supra-regional climatic elements were identified to which all the larch provenances reacted similarly at all three provenance trials. They increased the radial growth in years with a short, warm and precipitation-rich winter; a cool and humid summer and when high precipitation in late autumn of the previous year was noted. Moreover, other climatic elements were identified to which two groups of the larch provenances reacted differently at each provenance trial. In the lowland climate, the provenances reacted differently to temperature in November to December of the previous year and July and to precipitation in September. In the upland climate, the provenances differed in growth sensitivity to precipitation in October of the previous year and June–September. In the mountain climate, the provenances responded differently to temperature and precipitation in September of the previous year and to precipitation in February, June and September of the year of tree ring formation. The results imply that both climatic factors and origin (genotype), i.e., the genetic factor, mediate the climate–growth relationships of larch provenances.

scholarly journals POS0574 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INVOLVED JOINT FOR REGION AND MODIFIED HEALTH ASSESSMENT QUESTIONNAIRE SCORE IN JAPANESE PATIENT WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 521.2-521
Author(s):  
I. Yoshii
Keyword(s):  
Health Assessment Questionnaire ◽  
Global Assessment ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Upper Extremities ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Large Joint ◽  
Small Joint ◽  
Assessment Questionnaire

Objectives:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that involves various joints in whole body. For evaluation of daily life activities (ADL), modified Health Assessment Questionnaire (mHAQ) is usually used. This index configures eight ADL functions these are separated by predominant extremities. This study aimed to evaluate how involved joint affect ADL predominantly in real world setting.Methods:A total of 24,450 times of consultation with RA patient were visited in the institute. Here, patient with RA was interviewed every another visit, and involved joint in whole body, pain score with visual analog scale (PS-VAS), and mHAQ were recorded. Involved joints were divided by four regions in accordance with joint size and part; small joint in upper extremities (US), large joint in upper extremities (UL), small joint in lower extremities (LS), and large joint in lower extremities (LL). mHAQ was also separately evaluated in accordance with predominant regions; upper extremities predominant mHAQ (mHAQ_UE), and lower extremities predominant mHAQ (mHAQ_LE). Adding to these parameters, as an index for disease activity monitoring, components of the simplified disease activity index score (SDAI) was also recorded. Relationship between mHAQ for each predominant extremities, and these parameters and sex, age, disease duration of RA, anti-cyclic citrullinated polypeptide antibodies (ACPA), rheumatoid factor (RF), and Sharp/van der Heijde score (SHS), were statistically evaluated using linear regression analysis.Results:mHAQ_UE significantly correlated with age, ACPA and RF titre, SHS, tenderness joint count (TJC), patient’s global assessment (PGA), evaluator’s global assessment (EGA), C-reactive protein (CRP), US, UL, LL, and PS-vas, whereas mHAQ-LE significantly correlated with all parameters that demonstrated significant correlation with mHAQ-UE and disease duration. mHAQ also correlated with all parameters those that demonstrated significant correlation with mHAQ-LE. Interestingly, all of mHAQ-UE, mHAQ-LE, and mHAQ did not correlated significantly with swollen joint count (SJC) and LS.Conclusion:mHAQ is influenced by various factors, however, SJC and involvement of small joint in lower extremities did not affect mHAQ.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Global Tree Taper Modelling: A Review of Applications, Methods, Functions, and Their Parameters

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 913
Author(s):  
Serajis Salekin ◽  
Cristian Higuera Catalán ◽  
Daniel Boczniewicz ◽  
Darius Phiri ◽  
Justin Morgenroth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Taper Function ◽  
Complex Functions ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Simple Equations ◽  
Taper Equations

Taper functions are important tools for forest description, modelling, assessment, and management. A large number of studies have been conducted to develop and improve taper functions; however, few review studies have been dedicated to addressing their development and parameters. This review summarises the development of taper functions by considering their parameterisation, geographic and species-specific limitations, and applications. This study showed that there has been an increase in the number of studies of taper function and contemporary methods have been developed for the establishment of these functions. The reviewed studies also show that taper functions have been developed from simple equations in the early 1900s to complex functions in modern times. Early taper functions included polynomial, sigmoid, principal component analysis (PCA), and linear mixed functions, while contemporary machine learning (ML) approaches include artificial neural network (ANN) and random forest (RF). Further analysis of the published literature also shows that most of the studies of taper functions have been carried out in Europe and the Americas, meaning most taper equations are not specifically applicable to tropical tree species. Developing well-conditioned taper functions requires reducing the variation due to species, measurement techniques, and climatic conditions, among other factors. The information presented in this study is important for understanding and developing taper functions. Future studies can focus on developing better taper functions by incorporating emerging remote sensing and geospatial datasets, and using contemporary statistical approaches such as ANN and RF.

Correlation of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Dementia with Brain Perfusion: A 99mTc-SPECT-HMPAO Study with Brodmann Areas Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varvara Valotassiou ◽  
Nikolaos Sifakis ◽  
Chara Tzavara ◽  
Evi Lykou ◽  
Niki Tsinia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Partial Correlation ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Lewy Body Dementia ◽  
Brain Perfusion ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Inventory ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Brodmann Areas

Background: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) are common in dementia. Their evaluation is based on Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Neuroimaging studies have tried to elucidate the underlying neural circuits either in isolated NPSs or in specific forms of dementia. Objective: : The objective of this study is to evaluate the correlation of NPS in the NPI with Brodmann areas (BAs) perfusion, for revealing BAs involved in the pathogenesis of NPSs in dementia of various etiologies. Method: We studied 201 patients (82 with Alzheimer's disease, 75 with Frontotemporal dementia, 27 with Corticobasal Syndrome, 17 with Parkinson Disease/Lewy Body Dementia). Exploratory factor analysis was carried out to evaluate underlying groups of BAs, and Principal Component analysis was chosen as extraction method using Varimax rotation. Partial correlation coefficients were computed to explore the association of factors obtained from analysis and NPI items controlling for age, educational yeas, and ACE-R. Results: We found 6 BAs Factors(F); F1 (BAs 8,9,10,11,24,32,44,45,46,47, bilaterally), F2 (Bas 4,5,6,7,23,31, bilaterally), F3 (BAs 19,21,22,37,39,40, bilaterally), F4 (BAs 20,28,36,38, bilaterally), F5 (BAs 25, bilaterally) and F6 (BAs 17,18, bilaterally). Significant and negative correlation was found between NPI1 (delusions) and F3,F6, NPI2 (hallucinations) and F6, NPI7 (apathy) and F1,F4,F5, NPI3 (agitation) - NPI10 (aberrant motor behavior) - NPI12 (eating disorders) and F1. We did not find any significant correlation for NPI4,5,6,8,9,11 (depression, anxiety, euphoria, disinhibition, irritability, sleep disorders, respectively). Conclusion: Several NPSs share the same BAs among different types of dementia, while the manifestation of the rest may be attributed to different neural networks. These findings may have an impact on patients’ treatment.

scholarly journals Process of forming a regional recreation system in the conditions of a border region

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 07028
Author(s):  
Anastasia Vasilieva ◽  
Raisa Belaya
Keyword(s):  
Regional Policy ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Factor Rotation ◽  
The Face ◽  
Definition Of

Significant heterogeneity of the level of development of the Russian border, including in the field of recreation, imposes requirements for differentiation in the regional policy. Definition of the types of territories helps to solve applied management tasks more effectively. In this context, the factors by which these types were formed are important. To solve this problem, the authors conducted a factor analysis through the principal component method using oblique factor rotation. Three blocks of variables were analyzed that characterize the subjects of the Russian Federation that have land borders on the mainland (including river and lake borders) and sea borders with neighboring countries located on the map clockwise from Norway to the United States (border regions of Russia) for the period from 2010 to 2018. As a result, five factors were identified: the factor of the demand for the services of the recreational system, the factor of the development of the infrastructure of the recreational system in climatic conditions, the environmental safety factor, the factor of investment in the development of the recreational system infrastructure, the factor of the location at the border. The results of the study can be used as a practical tool for developing recommendations in the field of regional policy aimed at development of a recreational system, taking into account the factors determined for each identified group. The results of the study were obtained in the framework of the state task of the IE KarRC RAS on the topic “Institutions and social inequality in the face of global challenges and regional restrictions”.

scholarly journals Epiphytic cyanobacterial diversity in the sub-Himalayan belt of Garhwal region of Uttarakhand, India

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 77-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukesh Kumar ◽  
Rajan Kumar Gupta ◽  
AB Bhatt ◽  
SC Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Oxygenic Photosynthesis ◽  
Plant Science ◽  
Himalayan Belt ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Cyanobacterial Diversity ◽  
Species Study ◽  
Properties Of Soil

Cyanobacteria constitute the largest, most diverse and widely distributed group of prokaryotes that perform oxygenic photosynthesis. These are known to comprise a diverse flora of morphologically distinct forms. Some species are epiphytic occurring on a variety of plants. The present study was undertaken to study the distribution pattern of epiphytic cyanobacterial flora in the foot-hills of Garhwal Himalaya. An extensive survey was carried out in different seasons at four cyanobacteria-rich localities (Dakpatthar, Kotdwar, Rishikesh and Laldhang) of Uttarakhand state of India. A total of 39 epiphytic cyanobacterial taxa (12 heterocystous and 27 non-heterocystous) belonging to 2 orders, 7 families and 17 genera were recorded from this region. Highest number of species (25) was reported from Rishikesh, followed by Kotdwar with 14 species and Laldhang and Dakpatthar each with 12 species. Principal Component Analysis showed significant variation for epiphytic cyanobacterial diversity among studied sites, whereas cluster analysis categorized epiphytic cyanobacterial diversity under two categories, viz. Cluster I with 9 species and Cluster II with 30 species. Study concludes that variation in epiphytic cyanobacterial diversity might be compared to physicochemical properties of soil and climatic conditions along altitudes.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/botor.v8i0.5955 Botanica Orientalis – Journal of Plant Science (2011) 8: 77-89

scholarly journals Performance Analysis and Soil Quality Indexing for Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Grown in Marginal and Degraded Land of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India

Land ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheikh Adil Edrisi ◽  
Vishal Tripathi ◽  
Purushothaman Chirakkuzhyil Abhilash
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Dalbergia Sissoo ◽  
Land Restoration ◽  
Degraded Land ◽  
Soil Quality Index ◽  
Degraded Lands

The successful utilization of marginal and degraded lands for biomass and bioenergy production depends upon various factors such as climatic conditions, the adaptive traits of the tree species and their growth rate and respective belowground responses. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the growth performance of a bioenergy tree (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.) grown in marginal and degraded land of the Mirzapur district of Uttar Pradesh, India and to analyze the effect of D. sissoo plantations on soil quality improvement over the study years. For this, a soil quality index (SQI) was developed based on principal component analysis (PCA) to understand the effect of D. sissoo plantations on belowground responses. PCA results showed that among the studied soil variables, bulk density (BD), moisture content (MC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and soil urease activity (SUA) are the key variables critically influencing the growth of D. sissoo. The SQI was found in an increasing order with the growth period of D. sissoo. (i.e., from 0.419 during the first year to 0.579 in the fourth year). A strong correlation was also observed between the growth attributes (diameter at breast height, R2 = 0.870; and plant height, R2 = 0.861) and the soil quality (p < 0.01). Therefore, the developed SQI can be used as key indicator for monitoring the restoration potential of D. sissoo growing in marginal and degraded lands and also for adopting suitable interventions to further improve soil quality for multipurpose land restoration programs, thereby attaining land degradation neutrality and United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

scholarly journals Quantification of 27 yolk steroid hormones in seven shrubland bird species: interspecific patterns of hormone deposition and links to life history, development, and predation risk

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Merrill ◽  
S.J. Chiavacci ◽  
R.T. Paitz ◽  
T.J. Benson
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Predation Risk ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
American Robin ◽  
Nestling Development ◽  
Yolk Steroids

Steroid hormones play critical organizational and activational roles during vertebrate development, impacting everything from sexual differentiation to metabolic activity. For oviparous species such as birds, these hormones are transferred from female to egg during follicle maturation, and differences in relative and absolute concentrations of the steroid hormones may reflect differences in life history, developmental, and ecological conditions. Prior work on yolk steroid hormones has focused on a handful of candidate hormones (e.g., testosterone, androstenedione, and corticosterone), but we used high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectroscopy (LC–MS–MS) to quantify 27 yolk steroids from the eggs of seven shrubland bird species (American Robin, Turdus migratorius Linnaeus, 1766; Brown-headed Cowbird, Molothrus ater (Boddaert, 1783); Brown Thrasher, Toxostoma rufum (Linnaeus, 1758); Eastern Towhee, Pipilo erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus, 1758); Field Sparrow, Spizella pusilla (A. Wilson, 1810); Gray Catbird, Dumetella carolinensis (Linnaeus, 1766); Northern Cardinal, Cardinalis cardinalis (Linnaeus, 1758)). In addition to comparing steroid profiles across species, we conducted exploratory analyses to determine how the hormones clustered using a principal component (PC) approach and if PCs were correlated with aspects of egg resources (relative egg size, proportion yolk), life-history traits (embryonic and nestling development speed), and nest-predation risk (daily survival rate (DSR)). We documented substantial interspecific variation in both absolute and proportional endocrine profiles. PCAs indicated that glucocorticoids generally clustered together (PC1), but other classes of steroids did not. PC2 and PC3 strongly covaried with egg resources, DSR, and development speed, suggesting that they reflect adaptive patterns of maternal hormone deposition.

scholarly journals Essential Oil of Calotropis procera: Comparative Chemical Profiles, Antimicrobial Activity, and Allelopathic Potential on Weeds

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (21) ◽  
pp. 5203
Author(s):  
Saud L. Al-Rowaily ◽  
Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad ◽  
Abdulaziz M. Assaeed ◽  
Abdelbaset M. Elgamal ◽  
Abd El-Nasser G. El Gendy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Chemical Profiles

Plants are considered green resources for thousands of bioactive compounds. Essential oils (EOs) are an important class of secondary compounds with various biological activities, including allelopathic and antimicrobial activities. Herein, the present study aimed to compare the chemical profiles of the EOs of the widely distributed medicinal plant Calotropis procera collected from Saudi Arabia and Egypt. In addition, this study also aimed to assess their allelopathic and antimicrobial activities. The EOs from Egyptian and Saudi ecospecies were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed via GC-MS. The correlation between the analyzed EOs and those published from Egypt, India, and Nigeria was assessed by principal component analysis (PCA) and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC). The allelopathic activity of the extracted EOs was tested against two weeds (Bidens pilosa and Dactyloctenium aegyptium). Moreover, the EOs were tested for antimicrobial activity against seven bacterial and two fungal strains. Ninety compounds were identified from both ecospecies, where 76 compounds were recorded in Saudi ecospecies and 33 in the Egyptian one. Terpenes were recorded as the main components along with hydrocarbons, aromatics, and carotenoids. The sesquiterpenes (54.07%) were the most abundant component of EO of the Saudi sample, while the diterpenes (44.82%) represented the mains of the Egyptian one. Hinesol (13.50%), trans-chrysanthenyl acetate (12.33%), 1,4-trans-1,7-cis-acorenone (7.62%), phytol (8.73%), and myristicin (6.13%) were found as the major constituents of EO of the Saudi sample, while phytol (38.02%), n-docosane (6.86%), linoleic acid (6.36%), n-pentacosane (6.31%), and bicyclogermacrene (4.37%) represented the main compounds of the Egyptian one. It was evident that the EOs of both ecospecies had potent phytotoxic activity against the two tested weeds, while the EO of the Egyptian ecospecies was more effective, particularly on the weed D. aegyptium. Moreover, the EOs showed substantial antibacterial and antifungal activities. The present study revealed that the EOs of Egyptian and Saudi ecospecies were different in quality and quantity, which could be attributed to the variant environmental and climatic conditions. The EOs of both ecospecies showed significant allelopathic and antimicrobial activity; therefore, these EOs could be considered as potential green eco-friendly resources for weed and microbe control, considering that this plant is widely grown in arid habitats.

scholarly journals Wine Traceability Using Chemical Analysis, Isotopic Parameters, and Sensory Profiles

Beverages ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Bonello ◽  
Maria Cravero ◽  
Valentina Dell’Oro ◽  
Christos Tsolakis ◽  
Aldo Ciambotti
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Red Wines ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Sensory Parameters ◽  
Sensory Profiles

NMR/IRMS techniques are now widely used to assess the geographical origin of wines. The sensory profile of a wine is also an interesting method of characterizing its origin. This study aimed at elaborating chemical, isotopic, and sensory parameters by means of statistical analysis. The data were determined in some Italian white wines—Verdicchio and Fiano—and red wines—Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso and Nero d’Avola—produced from grapes grown in two different regions with different soil and climatic conditions during the years 2009–2010. The grapes were cultivated in Veneto (northwest Italy) and Marches (central Italy). The results show that the multivariate statistical analysis PCA (Principal Component Analysis) of all the data can be a useful tool to characterize the vintage and identify the origin of wines produced from different varieties. Moreover, it could discriminate wines of the same variety produced in regions with different soil and climatic conditions.

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