scholarly journals Ground Penetrating Radar in Dam Monitoring: The Test Case of Acerenza (Southern Italy)

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Loperte ◽  
M. Bavusi ◽  
G. Cerverizzo ◽  
V. Lapenna ◽  
F. Soldovieri
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Dam Safety ◽  
Good Spatial Resolution ◽  
Investigation Methods ◽  
Monitoring And Diagnostics ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Dam Monitoring

Nowadays, dam safety management is gaining great importance since it affects in a crucial way the monitoring and improvement of risky reservoirs, but this topic is very challenging since the dam safety requires long-term and time-continuous monitoring. In this framework, the exploitation of conventional geotechnical investigation methods often requires invasive actions in the inner of the structure to be investigated (destructiveness) and only provides punctual information for small volumes. On the contrary, the application of noninvasive sensing techniques makes it possible to investigate higher volumes without affecting the structure. In this paper we describe the application of GPR for the monitoring and diagnostics of one of the largest dams in the Basilicata region (Southern Italy). The investigation aims at detecting and localizing underground sandstone banks that are potential ways of flow of water below the dam. The manageability and the noninvasiveness of GPR have resulted in particularly suitable for this kind of application because the versatility of this geophysical method allows to investigate large areas with a good spatial resolution giving the possibility to detect the presence of inhomogeneities in the subsoil below the dam.

scholarly journals Enhancing Large Dam Safety Using IoT Technologies: A Case of a Smart Dam

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 583-603
Author(s):  
Rastko Martać ◽  
Nikola Milivojević ◽  
Marijana Despotović-Zrakić ◽  
Zorica Bogdanović ◽  
Dusan Barać
Keyword(s):  
Human Error ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Dam Safety ◽  
Iron Gate ◽  
Monitoring Process ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Dam Monitoring ◽  
Large Dam

This paper investigates how to transform a manual monitoring system into a smart environment using IoT technologies. Large dams are of huge importance as water reservoirs and potential energy sources primarily because of their use for electric energy generation. Monitoring and predicting dams' behavior are quite challenging. Due to a variety of limitations, environmental obstacles and dam system complexity, the application of RFID, Bluetooth, and IoT technologies has proven to be an adequate, affordable and reliable dam safety solution. This paper introduces a comprehensive model of dam safety management and monitoring based on pervasive technologies. The model described in this work has been applied within the large dam "Iron Gate 1", on the river Danube in the Republic of Serbia. The results show that the use of new technologies in the dam monitoring process can reduce human error and improve overall process.

Environmental Safety and Health Issues Relating to Hazardous Wastes Generated by Chemical Industries

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 209-212
Author(s):  
Bo Tuo Jiang ◽  
Yan Qiang Jia ◽  
Xiao Long Xing ◽  
Xu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Safety Management ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Chemical Safety ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Increase Food Production ◽  
Property Loss

The importance of chemical products in todays society is known, which can increase food production, improve the quality of life and extend the lifespan. However, their dangers are also obvious. In addition, a large number of chemical accidents, that produce chemicals, continue to take place in the chemical industries in spite of the great improvement in the safety management standard of worldwide chemical industries. Such accidents are taking place not only in the developing countries, but also in developed countries, which result in a lot of property loss, death and serious environmental issues with long term negative effects. Therefore, how to live with these substances and how to handle, use and dispose them safely have attracted much attention because chemical safety and risk management of chemicals have formed an international challenge.

Long-term continuous monitoring of the dissolved CO2 performed by using a new device in groundwater of the Mt. Etna (southern Italy)

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 3005-3011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia De Gregorio ◽  
Marco Camarda ◽  
Manfredi Longo ◽  
Santo Cappuzzo ◽  
Gaetano Giudice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
New Device ◽  
Mt Etna

scholarly journals The relationship between net GHG emissions and radiative forcing with an application to Article 4.1 of the Paris Agreement.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom M. L. Wigley
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Zero Point ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Global Warming Potentials ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This paper provides an assessment of Article 4.1 of the Paris Agreement on climate; the main goal of which is to provide guidance on how “to achieve the long-term temperature goal set out in Article 2”. Paraphrasing, Article 4.1 says that, to achieve this end, we should decrease greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions so that net anthropogenic GHG emissions fall to zero in the second half of this century. To aggregate net GHG emissions, 100-year Global Warming Potentials (GWP-100) are commonly used to convert non-CO2 emissions to equivalent CO2 emissions. As a test case using methane, temperature projections using GWP-100 scaling are shown to be seriously in error. This throws doubt on the use of GWP-100 scaling to estimate net GHG emissions. An alternative method to determine the net-zero point for GHG emissions based on radiative forcing is derived. This shows that the net-zero point needs to be reached as early as 2036, much sooner than in the Article 4.1 window. Other scientific flaws in Article 4.1 that further undermine its purpose to guide efforts to achieve the Article 2 temperature targets are discussed.

scholarly journals Reservoir Flood Routing Simulation for Dam Safety Management in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 596-606
Author(s):  
Rangsarit Vanijjirattikhan ◽  
Chinoros Thongthamchart ◽  
Patsorn Rakcheep ◽  
Unpong Supakchukul ◽  
Jittiwut Suwatthikul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Safety Management ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Flood Routing ◽  
Dam Safety ◽  
Dam Construction ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Reservoir Water Level ◽  
Remote Monitoring System ◽  
Operation Rules ◽  
Gate Opening

A reservoir flood routing simulation software with spillway operation rules that are readable and configurable by the spillway operator is developed in this study. The software is part of the Dam Safety Remote Monitoring System used by the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand. The flood routing simulation is implemented using a storage-indication routing method, which is a hydrologic method. The spillway operation rules are exhibited in a tree-based structure, in which the spillway gate opening is derived from the current reservoir water level (RWL), spillway gate opening, and flood situation if the peak inflow has passed. The simulation results show that the simulated RWL is similar to the RWL data in the dam construction manual. This verifies the accuracy of the reservoir flood routing simulation, which is useful for planning the spillway operation.

scholarly journals Hominin responses to environmental changes during the Middle Pleistocene in central and southern Italy

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 687-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Orain ◽  
V. Lebreton ◽  
E. Russo Ermolli ◽  
A.-M. Sémah ◽  
S. Nomade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Vegetation Dynamic ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Global Climate Changes

Abstract. The palaeobotanical record of early Palaeolithic sites from Western Europe indicates that hominins settled in different kinds of environments. During the "mid-Pleistocene transition (MPT)", from about 1 to 0.6 Ma, the transition from 41- to 100-ka dominant climatic oscillations, occurring within a long-term cooling trend, was associated with an aridity crisis which strongly modified the ecosystems. Starting from the MPT the more favourable climate of central and southern Italy provided propitious environmental conditions for long-term human occupations even during the glacial times. In fact, the human strategy of territory occupation was certainly driven by the availabilities of resources. Prehistoric sites such as Notarchirico (ca. 680–600 ka), La Pineta (ca. 600–620 ka), Guado San Nicola (ca. 380–350 ka) or Ceprano (ca. 345–355 ka) testify to a preferential occupation of the central and southern Apennines valleys during interglacial phases, while later interglacial occupations were oriented towards the coastal plains, as attested by the numerous settlements of the Roma Basin (ca. 300 ka). Faunal remains indicate that human subsistence behaviours benefited from a diversity of exploitable ecosystems, from semi-open to closed environments. In central and southern Italy, several palynological records have already illustrated the regional- and local-scale vegetation dynamic trends. During the Middle Pleistocene climate cycles, mixed mesophytic forests developed during the interglacial periods and withdrew in response to increasing aridity during the glacial episodes. New pollen data from the Boiano Basin (Molise, Italy) attest to the evolution of vegetation and climate between MIS 13 and 9 (ca. 500 to 300 ka). In this basin the persistence of high edaphic humidity, even during the glacial phases, could have favoured the establishment of a refuge area for the arboreal flora and provided subsistence resources for the animal and hominin communities during the Middle Pleistocene. This could have constrained human groups to migrate into such a propitious area. Regarding the local climate evolution during the glacial episodes, the supposed displacement from these sites could be linked to the environmental dynamics solely due to the aridity increase, rather than directly to the global climate changes.

A Comparative Analysis of Dam Safety Assurance Laws

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Dean Pisaniello
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Dam Safety ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Safety Assurance ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Privately Owned

A number of horrific failures of both public and privately owned dams in recent decades has triggered serious concern over the safety of dams throughout the world. However, in Australia, although much Government attention is being devoted to the medium- to large-scale dams, minimal attention is being paid to the serious potential cumulative, catchment-wide problems associated with smaller private dams. The paper determines how to consider addressing hazardous private dam safety issues generally through a comparative analysis of international dam safety policy/law systems. The analysis has identified elements of best and minimum practice that can and do exist successfully to provide deserved assurance to the community of the proper safety management of hazardous private dams at both the individual and cumulative, catchment-wide levels. These elements provide benchmarks that enable ‘appropriate’ legislative arrangements to be determined for different jurisdictional circumstances as illustrated with an Australian policy-deficient case study.

Small dams safety issues – engineering/policy models and community responses from Australia

Water Policy ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Pisaniello ◽  
Wu Zhifang ◽  
Jennifer M. McKay
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dam Safety ◽  
Allocation Policy ◽  
Policy Model ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Community Attitudes ◽  
Engineering Consulting

Dam safety is a serious issue worldwide. However, in many countries, for example, China and Australia, although much attention is being devoted to the medium to large-scale dams, little or no attention is being paid to the serious potential problems associated with smaller dams, particularly the potential “cumulative domino effect” failure risk to the larger public dams. Farmers in Australia have often overlooked the common law obligation to review/design dams in line with current standards because of high engineering consulting costs. This leaves them vulnerable to litigation if their dam fails and the downstream community is susceptible to unacceptable risk levels. To overcome this problem, an innovative Australian-developed cost-effective spillway design/review procedure has been developed to minimise cost burdens to dam owners and encourage better dam safety management. A recent survey undertaken in the Australian “policy model” State of Victoria to test community attitudes to the procedure and implemented dam safety and water allocation policy is also reported here. This survey clearly demonstrates that farmers require more than awareness and encouragement in order to ensure that they look after their dams properly.

Intertemporal bargaining predicts moral behavior, even in anonymous, one-shot economic games

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-79
Author(s):  
George Ainslie
Keyword(s):  
Control Problem ◽  
Prisoner’S Dilemma ◽  
Moral Behavior ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Moral Choice ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Economic Games

AbstractTo the extent that acting fairly is in an individual's long-term interest, short-term impulses to cheat present a self-control problem. The only effective solution is to interpret the problem as a variant of repeated prisoner's dilemma, with each choice as a test case predicting future choices. Moral choice appears to be the product of a contract because it comes from self-enforcing intertemporal cooperation.

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