scholarly journals Cancer Cachexia: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire L. Donohoe ◽  
Aoife M. Ryan ◽  
John V. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Host Response ◽  
Cancer Cachexia ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Progressive Weight Loss ◽  
Slow Progress ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Cachexia is a multifactorial process of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue atrophy resulting in progressive weight loss. It is associated with poor quality of life, poor physical function, and poor prognosis in cancer patients. It involves multiple pathways: procachectic and proinflammatory signals from tumour cells, systemic inflammation in the host, and widespread metabolic changes (increased resting energy expenditure and alterations in metabolism of protein, fat, and carbohydrate). Whether it is primarily driven by the tumour or as a result of the host response to the tumour has yet to be fully elucidated. Cachexia is compounded by anorexia and the relationship between these two entities has not been clarified fully. Inconsistencies in the definition of cachexia have limited the epidemiological characterisation of the condition and there has been slow progress in identifying therapeutic agents and trialling them in the clinical setting. Understanding the complex interplay of tumour and host factors will uncover new therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals A redesign of OGC Symbology Encoding standard for sharing cartography

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwan Bocher ◽  
Olivier Ertz
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
General Observation ◽  
Data Infrastructures ◽  
Open Standards ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Data Requirements ◽  
Basic Level

Despite most Spatial Data Infrastructures are offering service-based visualization of geospatial data, requirements are often at a very basic level leading to poor quality of maps. This is a general observation for any geospatial architecture as soon as open standards as those of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) shall be applied. To improve the situation, this paper does focus on improvements at the portrayal interoperability side by considering standardization aspects. We propose two major redesign recommendations. First to consolidate the cartographic theory at the core of the OGC Symbology Encoding standard. Secondly to build the standard in a modular way so as to be ready to be extended with upcoming future cartographic requirements. Thus, we start by defining portrayal interoperability by means of typical use cases that frame the concept of sharing cartography. Then we bring to light the strengths and limits of the relevant open standards to consider in this context. Finally we propose a set of recommendations to overcome the limits so as to make these use cases a true reality. Even if the definition of a cartographic-oriented standard is not able to act as a complete cartographic design framework by itself, we argue that pushing forward the standardization work dedicated to cartography is a way to share and disseminate good practices and finally to improve the quality of the visualizations.

Weight and Appetite Loss in Cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 298-302
Author(s):  
Yesne Alici ◽  
Victoria Saltz
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cancer Cachexia ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Appetite Loss ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Variable Combination ◽  
Cancer Anorexia ◽  
Cachexia Syndrome

Weight and appetite loss in cancer patients, referred to as the cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome, is a complex, multifactorial syndrome, defined by an ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass, with or without loss of fat mass, which cannot be fully reversed by conventional nutritional support, and may lead to progressive functional impairment. It is a hypercatabolic state in the context of chronic inflammatory response best described in the setting of cancer but can also be seen in other advanced chronic illness. Cancer cachexia occurs in approximately 50% of cancer patients, and in 80% of those with advanced cancer. It impacts adversely on function, treatment tolerability and treatment response, and health service utilization, but most importantly, dignity, sense of self, quality of life, and survival. The pathophysiology of cancer cachexia is complex and multifactorial. It is characterized by a negative protein and energy balance, driven by a variable combination of reduced food intake, increased resting energy expenditure, and net loss of lean tissue. The best approach to weight and appetite loss among cancer patients is a multimodal therapy, in which a personalized combination of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments is implemented. This chapter will provide an overview of the cancer anorexia cachexia syndrome as relevant to the practice of clinicians of all disciplines managing cancer patients.

scholarly journals The Impediments to Student Engagement: A hybrid Method Based on Fuzzy Delphi and Fuzzy DEMATEL

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Andrea Aria ◽  
Parivash Jafari ◽  
Maryam Behifar
Keyword(s):  
Student Engagement ◽  
Delphi Technique ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Family Factors ◽  
Fuzzy Dematel ◽  
Fuzzy Delphi ◽  
High Tuition ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
The Relationship

Student engagement is one of the most important determinants of learning outcomes in higher education institutions. This paper focuses on impediments to student engagement. The Fuzzy Delphi technique was used to screen and elicit important impediments. Four main criteria (individual, family, institution, and environment) and Twenty three sub-criteria were selected by experts through the fuzzy Delphi technique. The fuzzy DEMATEL technique was used to determine the causal relationships among the criteria (impediments). Findings showed that institutional, environmental, and family factors were in the cause group, individual, and family factors were in the effect group. Among the 23 sub-factors, eleven factors were in the cause group and twelve factors were in the effect group. The first three influencing factors were: teachers' poor quality of teaching, inadequate facilities of classroom and institution, and non-applicable materials and curriculum. The first three influenced factors were: poor quality of the relationship between teachers and students, financial problems and high tuition fees, and decreasing the value and status of education in the society.

Quality of Life and Life Satisfaction among Persons with Alcohol Dependence Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Bijayalaxmi Dash ◽  
Mamta Rani Swain
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Alcohol Dependence Syndrome ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Quality of life plays a vital role to improve the life satisfaction of an individual. The increase in quality of life is related to the increase of subjective life satisfaction. There is an existing relationship between quality of life and life satisfaction for persons with alcohol dependence (Frisch et al., 2000). Aim: The aims of the present study was to assess and examine the relationship between Quality of life and life satisfaction among persons with alcohol dependence. Methodology: A total number 30 respondents with alcohol dependence syndrome were taken by using a purposive sampling technique. The samples were collected from MHI (COE), SCBMCH, Cuttack IPD and OPD. The scales such as WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire and Life Satisfaction were administered. Result: In this present study it was found that the persons with alcohol dependence scored the poor quality of life in all domains of WHO QOL, as well as life satisfaction scale and also statistically positive significant co-relationbetween quality of life and life satisfaction among persons with alcoholdependence.

Time for some home truths – exploring the relationship between GPs and social workers

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Mangan ◽  
Robin Miller ◽  
Jeremy Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Social Workers ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between general practitioners (GPs) and social care professionals by reflecting on a project (the Home Truths project) which sought to improve joint working between general practice and social care though an action-research process. Design/methodology/approach – iMPOWER's Home Truths project involved gathering local data regarding joint working in local areas and using this data as a catalyst for change. The Institute of Local Government Studies and the Health Services Management Centre at the University of Birmingham were asked to act as a critical friend to the project. This involved supporting the design of the data collection, offering advice on the process and to carrying out a short evaluation of the impact of the first wave. The paper reflects on the collected data from the sites and information from the impact evaluation. Findings – The paper highlights the poor quality of the relationship between GPs and social workers. Findings that illustrate this include GPs’ poor knowledge of social care services; a perception that social care services were of poor quality and rating the quality of their relationships with social workers as poor. However GPs felt that knowing more about social care could help prevent their patients going into residential care earlier than necessary and wanted to work more closely with social care to exploit the benefits and opportunities. The interventions that have been put in place to try and improve relationships focus on the day-to-day working lives of the professionals rather than attempting to introduce new initiatives. Research limitations/implications – The response rate from GPs in the areas was low (average response rate was 10 per cent in each area) and it may be that only those GPs who are interested in working with social care responded. The initiatives that have been developed appear to be reasonable responses to the issues identified. However, a lack of discrete outcomes through which to measure improvement will make it difficult to demonstrate the impact of the interventions. Originality/value – This paper underlines that despite many years of policy makers promoting better integration, the relationship between the key gate-keepers within the health and social care systems is still poor. The findings from the Home Truths surveys and action plans has gone some way to address the gap identified in the evidence base about the relationships between GPs and social workers.

On Cancer Nanotechnology

2010 ◽  
Vol 441 ◽  
pp. 307-332
Author(s):  
Rita Bosetti ◽  
Lode Vereeck
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cancer Research ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Patients Experience

Although governments invest billions of dollars in cancer research, cancer remains one of the major causes of death worldwide (Liu et al., 2007). During the last decades, outstanding results have been attained in fundamental cancer biology but, unfortunately, they have not been translated in even distantly comparable progressions in the clinic. The main reason for this gap being the inability to administer therapeutic agents so that they can reach target cells without or with minimal side-effects (Ferrari, 2005). Today, scientists are faced with the recognition that very few molecules reach the desired locations and thus fail to selectively reach the target cells. Consequently, patients experience a very poor quality of life (Ferrari, 2004; Ferrari, 2005; Chan, 2006).

scholarly journals Exercise as a Time-conditioning Effector in Chronic Disease: a Complementary Treatment Strategy

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis F. B. P. Costa Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cancer Cachexia ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
The Body ◽  
Progressive Weight Loss ◽  
Important Time ◽  
Complementary Strategy ◽  
Fat Body Mass

Exercise has been widely believed to be a preventive and therapeutic aid in the treatment of various pathophysiological conditions such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. A common problem associated with such pathologies is cachexia, characterized by progressive weight loss and depletion of lean and fat body mass, and is linked to poor prognosis. As this syndrome comprises changes in many physiological systems, it is tempting to assume that the modulation of the psychoneuroimmunoendocrine axis could attenuate or even prevent cachexia progression in cancer patients. Cancer cachexia is characterized by a disruption in the rhythmic secretion of melatonin, an important time-conditioning effector. This hormone, secreted by the pineal gland, transmits circadian and seasonal information to all organs and cells of the body, synchronizing the organism with the photoperiod. Considering that exercise modulates the immune response through at least two different mechanisms—metabolic and neuroendocrine—we propose that the adoption of a regular exercise program as a complementary strategy in the treatment of cancer patients, with the exercise bouts regularly performed at the same time of the day, will ameliorate cachexia symptoms and increase survival and quality of life.

scholarly journals A redesign of OGC Symbology Encoding standard for sharing cartography

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwan Bocher ◽  
Olivier Ertz
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
General Observation ◽  
Data Infrastructures ◽  
Open Standards ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Data Requirements ◽  
Basic Level

Despite most Spatial Data Infrastructures are offering service-based visualization of geospatial data, requirements are often at a very basic level leading to poor quality of maps. This is a general observation for any geospatial architecture as soon as open standards as those of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) shall be applied. To improve the situation, this paper does focus on improvements at the portrayal interoperability side by considering standardization aspects. We propose two major redesign recommendations. First to consolidate the cartographic theory at the core of the OGC Symbology Encoding standard. Secondly to build the standard in a modular way so as to be ready to be extended with upcoming future cartographic requirements. Thus, we start by defining portrayal interoperability by means of typical use cases that frame the concept of sharing cartography. Then we bring to light the strengths and limits of the relevant open standards to consider in this context. Finally we propose a set of recommendations to overcome the limits so as to make these use cases a true reality. Even if the definition of a cartographic-oriented standard is not able to act as a complete cartographic design framework by itself, we argue that pushing forward the standardization work dedicated to cartography is a way to share and disseminate good practices and finally to improve the quality of the visualizations.

scholarly journals Development of a method for improving the accuracy of measurement of linear measures of 3D models via scanning

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2(62)) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Kvasnikov ◽  
Dmytro Ornatskyi ◽  
Valerii Dostavalov
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Combined Method ◽  
Linear Dimensions ◽  
Photogrammetric Method ◽  
Real Size ◽  
Definition Of

The object of research is to refine the linear sizes of the obtained 3D models via scanning, and reducing the numbers of errors when obtaining the model. For now, there is no accuracy method for transferring the actual sizes of an object to a 3D model. One of the most problematic places in the existing methods of transferring sizes from the object to the model is the error in the placement of dimensional markers due to inaccuracy, or poor quality of the received surface via scanning. A model of the instrument complex is used to implement an improved method of 3D scanning, based on the photogrammetric method. The advanced technology of construction and measurement of 3D models on the basis of photos on the principle of stereo pairs in combination with image projection is based on a combination of existing scanning methods. As well as the introduction of new functionalities, such as maintaining the actual sizes of an object, its textures, color and light characteristics, as well as improving the accuracy of linear sizes. As a result of the use of a standard, reference projections, and a new method of comparing photographs to build a 3D model, a 60 % increase in the accuracy of linear dimensions was achieved. This is due to the fact that the proposed new combined method incorporates all the existing most important aspects of scanning. And also has a number of features, such as the definition of boundary surfaces, automatic sizing, detection, and processing of glass and mirror surfaces. Due to this, this method eliminates the main disadvantages of the usual photogrammetric method – inaccuracies in the surface quality of the models, and inaccuracies in the transfer of linear dimensions. It is estimated that the combined method will allow to transfer the real size of simple objects in 3D with an accuracy of 99.97 % of the actual size of the object. It will also improve the quality of complex surfaces (boundary, glass, mirror) by at least 40–60 %, compared to other existing methods.

scholarly journals الثنائية اللغوية في تعليم اللغة العربية

ASALIBUNA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Qomari
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Language ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Teaching Language ◽  
Quality Of Teaching ◽  
Bilingual Teaching ◽  
The World ◽  
World Class ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Bilingualism in teaching is something to be done to make the quality of teaching more effective especially in the World Class University Like Islamic State Of University Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. This Article will be give information about implementation of Bilingulism in teaching. And also give information about the definition of bilingual and what kind of bilingual can be implemented especially in Arabic language teaching for the foreigner. Beside of information about the kind of the suitable bilingual in teaching language, This Article also inform how much of Arabic language acquisition when that language to be tought by bilingual method. And offcourse this give information about the relationship between the bilingual teaching language with the skills of language.

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